#Traditionalskills一、知識講解及拓展1.usedto&beusedtodoing&beusedtodoUsedtodosth過去常常做某事只用于過去時態(tài)Heusedtogotoschoolbybike.Beusedtodoing習慣于做某事可用于過去，現在，將來等時態(tài)Heisusedtogoingtoschool.Beusedtodo被用于可用于任何時態(tài)=beusedfordoingEg:1--Howisyourgrandma?--Sheisfine.SheusedtoTVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedtooutforawalk.Awatch,goBwatching,goCwatching,goingDwatch,goingBamboocanpaper.AusedtomakeBbeusedmakeCbeusedtomakeDbeusedtomaking2although雖然，盡管與though同義，用來引導讓步狀語從句。不能與but同時出現在句子中。Although比較正式，常用于句首；though多用于非正式文體，表示強調。Eg:--TheboycanspeakbothEnglishandJapaneseheisonlyten.--Wow,whatacleverboy.AifBbecauseCalthough3fitadj.健壯的，健康的v.合適，側重于尺寸，大小合適。Tokeepfit,sheeatsalotofvegetablesandfruits.Thiscoatdoesn'tfitme.upto到達，至多有；uptonow到現在為止=bynowHisstorybooksareupto50.setoff出發(fā)，動身=setoutTheysetoffatnight.get/bereadyfor為做好準備，beready準備好的Bereadytodosth準備做某事Mothergetsreadyfordinner.Areyouready?Tomisreadyfortheexam.I'mreadytogo.tie...around..栓在周圍Thegirltiesascarfaroundherneck.Tieto把系在Hetiedthehorsetoatree.Tieup系好，捆好Pleasetieupyoursafetybelt.stop...fromdoing阻止做=prevent...from=keep...fromTheheavyrainprevented/keptusfromclimbingthemountain.9reach&get&arriveReach及物動詞，后直接跟表示地點的名詞GetGetto+地點名詞；gethere/theArriveArriveat+小地點；arrivein+大地點；可當不及物動詞：Hearrived.10hang懸掛，吊懸掛：hang-hung-hung;絞死，吊死：hang-hanged-hanged11throw短語To把扔進Throwaway扔掉throwoff匆匆脫掉throwat向扔去Hethrewastoneintotheriver.Don'tthrowoffyourcoat.It'scoldoutside.Throwawaythoseoldnewspapers.Tomthrewstonesatmydog.12require&needRequire及物動詞Requiretobedone;requiredoing;requiresb.todoNeed及物動詞Needtodo;needtobedone;needdoing情態(tài)動詞NeeddoPlantsrequirewateringeveryday.Theroomneedstobecleaned.TheyrequirethatIshouldappear.Youneedn'tcome.Ineedtobuyanewbike.13nomore&nolongerNomore不再常用來修飾非延續(xù)性動詞，表示今后不再重復以前發(fā)生的動作，多指數量上不再增加，程度不再加深。=not...anymoreNolonger不再相當于not...anylonger,在句中起副詞作用，用來修飾延續(xù)性動詞，指某事從時間上講以后不再發(fā)生，其時間不再延續(xù)。Henomorecomes.Wearenolongerstudents.Heisnomoreastudent.=Heisn'tastudentanymore.14mistake錯誤Makeamistake犯錯誤bymistake錯誤地，無意中MistakeAforB把A錯認成BHemakesalotofmistakesingrammar.tookherumbrellabymistake.IoftenmistakeLucyforLily.15after&laterAfter介詞常用于過去時態(tài)，after+—段時間表示某段時間后Later副詞常用于過去時或將來時，一段時間+later形容詞意為“后來的”，修飾名詞Aftertwoyears,hediedinLondon.TomleftforShanghaitwoweekslater.16keep短語Keepsb/sth+形容詞：使保持;keep+形容詞：保持某種狀態(tài)；keep（sb）doing：不停地做某事Coatswillkeepyouwarm.Theshopkeepsopentwelvehoursaday.Weshouldkeepoutschoolcleanandtidy.Don'tkeeptalking.17名詞+y=形容詞Health（健康）+y=healthy（健康的）luck（幸運）+y=lucky（幸運的）Ingood/bad/poorhealth健康狀況好/不好Forluck為了吉利；keephealthy保持健康badluck倒霉

goodluck好運18bemadefrom&bemadeofBemadeinto被制成..Bemadein在Bemadeinto被制成..Bemadein在制造Thehouseismadeofwood,Bemadeof由制成；看得出原材料Bemadeupof由組成Theymadewinefromrice.Paperismadefromwood.Thedollismadeupoffourparts.Paperismadefromwood.19voice&noise&soundVoice嗓音；指喉嚨發(fā)出的聲音Thegirlhasabeautifulvoice.Noise噪聲Don'makeanynoise!Sound泛指一切聲音Atmidnightheheardastrangesound.二、語法——被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：和。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。1、被動語態(tài)的構成：英語動詞的被動語態(tài)由構成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數量保持一致,并有時態(tài)的變化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.2、被動語態(tài)的用法（1）動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)。例如：Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.（2）當動作的承受者比起動作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時,要用被動語態(tài)。例如：Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.（3）含有雙賓語的句子,主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的一個主語,另一個保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動句中的直接賓語在變?yōu)殚g接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。例如：Thepianistgavethepupils（間接賓語）someadvice（直接賓語）—Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.—Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.（4）在主動語態(tài)句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態(tài)時后面的不定式都須加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.—Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.—Hewasseentoenterthehouse.3、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)一般現在時構成：助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞例如：Thiskindofcarismadeinshanghai.一般過去時構成：助動詞was/were+動詞的過去分詞例如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.現在進行時構成：be+being+動詞的過去分詞例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.

過去進行時構成：was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞例如：Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.一般將來時構成：will/begoingtodo+be+動詞的過去分詞例如：Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.過去將來時構成：would/was(were)goingtodo+be+動詞的過去分詞例如：Theroomwouldbepainted.現在完成時構成：助動詞have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞例如：Hashisworkbeenfinished?過去完成時構成：助動詞had+been+動詞的過去分詞例如：Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構成：情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞例如：Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere?主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)的步驟：①主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中的主語；②主動語態(tài)句中的動詞改為相應的被動語態(tài)；③主動語態(tài)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中by的賓語。主動語態(tài)句中的謂語動詞帶有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語時，轉換方法有兩種：①把間接賓語轉化為主語，保留直接賓語②把直接賓語轉化為主語，保留間接賓語。此時，一般需在間接賓語前加適當的介詞(通常是介詞for或to)。在短語seesb.dosth.中，動詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補。改為被動語態(tài)時要加上to。用于這一結構的謂語動詞一般是表示知覺的動詞如see,hear,watch,find等，以及使役動詞make,let等。鞏固練習：.把下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)：1、WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.2、Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.3、Whendidtheybuildthehouse?4、Isawtheboyentertheroom.5、Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?6、Havetheypostedtheletteryet?7、Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.8、Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed.9、Whoisrepairingthebike?10、Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.?選擇填空：Thereadingroomyesterdayafternoon.A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleanedTheworkersweremadetenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.workedA.workFoodinacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustn'tA.mustkeepB.mustn'tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn'tbekeptHisfathertoworkinHongKong3yearsago.A.sentB.wassentC.hassentA.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensentThepenwell.C.waswrittenD.writingA.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writingGreatchangesinthetownsince1988.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplaceOurcompositionsmustnextMonday.A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandinginThechildwillbacktohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besendinghisworkyet?A.have...beenfinishedB.has...beenfinishedC.has...finishedD.have...finishedTheclassroomnow.A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaningC.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned作業(yè)：根據提示完成單詞Dthepictureyouhaveseen.Writeashortarticleaboutapwithatraditionalskill.Aheisover65,heisveryfitandstillenjoysw.Theycanddownandstayunderthewaterforuptotwominutes.Daminusuallysetsoffinthelateafternoonandgetsthecormorantsrforwork.ThefisharethentakenandthrowniabigbasketbyDamin.Nonetsarerforthistypeoffishing.Daminisover65now,buthestilleworking.Afterdark,hehalightonapostatthefrontoftheboat.單選Insomecountries,teawithmilkandsugar.AisservingBisservedCservesDservedThenewtypeofcarisgoingtointhreeyears.AturnoutBbeturnedoutChasturnedoutDhavebeenturnedout--Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.--Sorry,already.AittookBittakesCitistakingDithasbeentakenTheletterthreedaysagoandityesterday.Ahadpost,hadarrivedBwasposted,arrivedCposted,arrivedDhadbeenposted,wasarrivedHetoldmethatthefinalexaminationnextThursday.AisgivenBwillbegiveCwouldhavegivenDwouldbegivenWaterintoice,AwillchangedBwillbechangedCshouldchangeDcanbechangedPlaystwiceamonthinthattheatre.AputonBareputonCwasputonDoftenputonThebirdsflyawaylastSaturday.AlettoBislettoCwasletDwerelettoAstrangesoundyesterdayevening.AwasheardBhearsCheardDisheardAbeautifulbikehimbyhisclassmates.AsenttoBwillsenttoCwassenttoDwillbesentforanewlibraryinourschoollastyear?AIs,builtBWas,builtCDoes,buildDDid,buildAnaccidentonthisroadlastweek.AhasbeenhappenedBwashappenedCishappenedDhappenedCottoninthesoutheastofChina.AisgrownBaregrownCgrowsDgrowAtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.AisgivenBhasbeengivenCwillbegivenDgivesAlotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.AaredoingBarebeingdoneChasbeendoneDwillbedone--Whenthiskindofcomputers?--Lastyear.Adid,useBwas,usedCis,usedDare,usedTheGreatWallallovertheworld.AknowsBknewCisknowDwasknownWhothisbook?Adid,writtenBwas,writtenbyCdid,writtenbyDwas,writ