（圖片大小可任意調(diào)節(jié)）2023年高等教育公共課自考-00015英語(二)考試歷年參考核心考點薈萃附答案第一卷一.參考題庫(共20題)1.短文寫作 健康一直是人們關(guān)注的問題，請根據(jù)下面結(jié)構(gòu)，以健康為題，談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎ?保持健康的重要性：(你的看法) 保持健康的方法： 1.多吃水果蔬菜，保持飲食平衡，避免含糖高、脂肪高的食物； 2.多鍛煉，健身強(qiáng)體； 3.擯棄不良習(xí)慣。 保持健康的結(jié)論：(你的看法) 要求：1.可適當(dāng)增加所給內(nèi)容，不可逐條翻譯；2.詞數(shù)：150左右。2.ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland AmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries. "Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,"saidthewoman. TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel,about8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel. Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds. "Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome."saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon."Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown." Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham. Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931,measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.TheApril28quakewasstrongerthantheoneof2002.（）A、RightB、WrongC、Notmentioned3.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug,myhusbandofonemonth,toaspecialmeal.Iglancedthroughmycookbookandchoseamenuwhichincludedhomemadebread.Knowingthebreadwouldtaketime.IstartedonitassoonasDougleftforwork.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.AsDouglovedoranges,Ialsoopenedacanoforangeandpoureditallintothebowl.Soontherewasastickydoughcoveredwithuglyyellowishmarks.RealizingIhadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork.Iwentonpreparingtherestofthemeal,and,whenDouggothome,wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice.Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemeddisturbed.Twicehegotupandwentoutside,sayinghethoughtheheardanoise.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowstoseewhathewasdoing.Lookingout,IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromtherubbishbin,holdingthelidupwithastickandlookingintothecontainer.WhenIcameoutofthehouse,hedroppedthestickandexplainedthattherewassomethingaliveinoutrubbishbin.Pickingupthestickagain,heheldthelidupenoughformetosee.Ifeltcold.ButIsteppedcloserandlookedharder.Withoutdoubtitwasmywork.Thehotsunhadcausedthedoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeastmadethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughitwerebreathing.Ihadtoadmitwhatthelivingthingwasandwhyitwasthere.Idon'tknowwhowasmoreembarrassedbythewholething—Dougorme.Whydidthewoman’sattemptatmakingthebreadturnouttobeunsuccessful?（）A、Thecannedorangehadgonebad.B、Shedidn’tusetherightkindofflour.C、Thecookbookwashardtounderstand.D、Shedidnotfollowthedirectionsclosely.4.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug,myhusbandofonemonth,toaspecialmeal.Iglancedthroughmycookbookandchoseamenuwhichincludedhomemadebread.Knowingthebreadwouldtaketime.IstartedonitassoonasDougleftforwork.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.AsDouglovedoranges,Ialsoopenedacanoforangeandpoureditallintothebowl.Soontherewasastickydoughcoveredwithuglyyellowishmarks.RealizingIhadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork.Iwentonpreparingtherestofthemeal,and,whenDouggothome,wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice.Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemeddisturbed.Twicehegotupandwentoutside,sayinghethoughtheheardanoise.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowstoseewhathewasdoing.Lookingout,IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromtherubbishbin,holdingthelidupwithastickandlookingintothecontainer.WhenIcameoutofthehouse,hedroppedthestickandexplainedthattherewassomethingaliveinoutrubbishbin.Pickingupthestickagain,heheldthelidupenoughformetosee.Ifeltcold.ButIsteppedcloserandlookedharder.Withoutdoubtitwasmywork.Thehotsunhadcausedthedoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeastmadethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughitwerebreathing.Ihadtoadmitwhatthelivingthingwasandwhyitwasthere.Idon'tknowwhowasmoreembarrassedbythewholething—Dougorme.Whydidthewomanputthedoughintherubbishbin?（）A、Shedidn’tseetheuseofkeepingit.B、Shemeanttojokewithherhusband.C、Shedidn’twantherhusbandtoseeit.D、Shehopeditwouldsoondryinthesun.5.請根據(jù)下列材料寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 Atpresent,awidevarietyofcreditcardsissuedbymajorbanksandshoppingmallsarethrivingincollegesanduniversitiesacrossthenation,withamultitudeofcollegestudentsmakingupagrowingpopulationofcardholders.Ifyouareacollegestudent,willyoualsousethecreditcard?6.LearnfromMistakes Youcanonlylearnfromamistakeafteryou（1）you’vemadeit.Assoonasyoustartblamingotherpeople(ortheuniverseitself)youdistanceyourself（2）anypossiblelesson.Butifyoucourageouslystandupandhonestlysay“ThisismymistakeandIamresponsible”thepossibilitiesforlearningwillmovetowardsyou.Admissionofamistake,evenifonlyprivatelytoyourself,makeslearning（3）bymovingthefocusawayfromblameassignmentandtowardsunderstanding. Thisadvice（4）countertotheculturalassumptionswehaveaboutmistakesandfailure,namelythattheyare（5）things.We’retaughtinschool,inourfamilies,oratworktofeelguiltyaboutfailureandtodowhateverwecanto（6）mistakes.Thissenseofshameexplainswhymanypeoplegiveupontheirgoals:they’renot（7）forthemistakesandfailuresWhat’smissinginmanypeople’sbeliefsaboutsuccessisthefactthatthemore（8）thegoal,themorefrequentanddifficultsetbackswillbe.Thelargeryourambitions,themoredependentyouwillbeonyourabilitytoovercomeandlearnfromyourmistakes. Butformanyreasonsadmittingmistakesisdifficult.Animpliedvalueinmanyculturesisthatourworkrepresentsus:ifyoufailatest,thenyouarea（9）.Ifyoumakeamistakethenyouareamistake.Learningfrommistakesrequiresthreethings:puttingyourselfinsituationswhereyoucanmakeinterestingmistakes;havingtheself-confidencetoadmittothem;being（10）aboutmakingchanges.（1）內(nèi)應(yīng)選（）A、runsB、accessC、challengingD、shamefulE、courageousF、possibleG、admitH、failureI、avoidJ、preparedK、activitiesL、from7.MarriageAdvertisementsinIndia EverySundaymorningmillionsofIndianssettledownwithacupofteaandspecialweekendissuesoftheirnewspapers,justasAmericansdo.Buthere,withthemarriageseasonapproaching,manyofthemquicklytoaSundayfeaturethatisparticularlyIndian-the-columnsofmarriageadvertisementsinwhichyoungpeoplelookforhusbandsandwives.Thisisrelativelymodernchangeintheage-oldcustomofthearrangedmarriage.Thethousandsofadvertisementspublishedeachweekincreasinglyreflectsocialchangesthatcomingtothistraditionalsociety.Forexample,althoughwomenarestilldescribedintermsofappearance,orskillin"thewifelyarts",informationaboutherearningpowerisenteringmoreandmoreoftheadvertisements.ThisreflectsthearrivalinIndiaoftheworkingwife. Divorce,whichusedtobealmostunheardofinIndia,issometimesnowmentionedintheadvertisementsasinthecaseofawomanwhoseadvertisementinNewDelhinewspaperexplainedthathadbeen"theinnocentparty"whenhermarriagebrokeup. Becausethecustomofthedowry(marriagepayment)isnowillegal,someadvertisementssay"nodowry"or"simplemarriage",whichmeansthesamething.However,thefathersofmanybridegroomsstillrequireit.Inalandwherelightskinisoftenregardedassociallypreferable,manyalsorequirethatawomanhavea"wheat-color"complexionorthatamanbe"tall,fairandhandsome".Advertisementsareplacedandeagerlyreadbyawiderangeofpeopleintheupperclasses,mostlyincities.Manyofthemreceivedozensofanswers."There'snothingembarrassingaboutit,"explainedaCalcuttabusinessmanadvertisingason-in-law."It'sjustanotherwayofbroadeningthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilityofdoingthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilitiesofdoingthebestoneforone'sdaughter." Becauseofhighunemploymentandagenerallypoorstandardoflivinghere,oneofthebestattractionsamarriageadvertisementcanofferisapermittoliveabroad,especiallyinCanadaortheUnitedStates.Apersonwhohasonecangetwhathewants.OnerecentSundayinMadras,forexample,aPunjabiengineerlivinginSanFranciscoadvertisedfora"beautifulslimbridewithlovelyfeaturesknowingmusicanddance".AndamanwhoseadvertisementsaidthatheheldanAmericanimmigrationpermitwasabletosay,onlygirlsfromrich,well-connectedfamiliesneedapply.Anyonecanreceivedozensofanswersifhe/sheplacedanadvertisement.（）A、RightB、WrongC、Notmentioned8.SpiritualBond Besides,donotforgettoappreciatethe''spiritualbond''betweenpeople.I'vemetnumerouspeopleinJapan,theUS,andAustralia.Inthebeginning,Iwas__1__bythedifferencesintheviewsandcultures.AfterstudyingintheUS,Igot__2__totheAmericanwayofthinking.SowhenIfirstmovedtoAustralia,Ihad__3__thoughtsaboutAustralians,Ithoughttheywerequietandpassive.IfeltthatIcouldn'tunderstandthemandthatIdidn't__4__in.ThatiswhenImettheHappyScienceteachings.Ilearnedabouthowpeoplegothroughreincarnation（轉(zhuǎn)世）andarebornagainandagainindifferentracesandindifferentcountries. Therefore,IrealizedthatthepeopleImeetinthislifetimeare__5__connectedtomefrommypast.Wehaveknowneachotherbefore.WhenI__6__thisspiritualperspective,Ireflectedonmynarrow-Mindedness. WhenIfoundoutthatpeoplewhoIthoughtIcouldn'tunderstandcouldbespirituallyconnectedtome,Ifelt__7__evenforpeopleIusedto__8__.IfeltafeelingofonenessandIwasabletomakemanyfriendscreatingbondsofunderstandingandrespect.Valueand__9__everyspiritualbondbetweenyouandthepeopleyoumeetandcontinuetoworkhardtodevelopyourselfinorderto__10__othersandbeagoodinfluence.__3__內(nèi)應(yīng)填（）A、negativeB、criticizeC、spirituallyD、shamefulE、affectionF、discoveredG、appreciateH、confusedI、fitJ、admitK、usedL、help9.OvercomingDifficulties ①Lifeisfullofdifficultiesandobstacles,frombirthtodeath.Attimes,Lifeseemslikeahurdlerace.Wearesureofencounteringhurdles,butalmostalwayswearetakenbysurprise.Itisnecessarytoacceptthatlifeingeneralisfullofdifficultiesandadversities.Thisrecognitionisthefirststep.Whenfacedwithproblems,weoftenfeel,"Iamtheonlyonehavingsuchproblems"Or,wetendtoexaggerateourproblemsandregardthemasmostcomplex,mostpainful，andasanextremecase.Butifwelookaroundus,wefindpeopleinmuchworseconditions.AsSt.Augustinesaid,"Icriedforboots,tillIsawamanwhohadnolegs." ②Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weeithercomplainorseektododgethem.Webehavelikeasostrichinthedesert.Itissaidthatwhenthereisastorminthedesert,theostrichburieshisheadinthesand-hopingthatthestormwillgoawayifheignoresit-andfinallygetsburiedunderaheapofsandanddies.Someofuschoosetopretendthattheproblemsdonotexist.Wefailtorealizethatconfrontingandsolvingtheproblem-nopainfultheprocess-makesusgrow. ③Acceptthewoesofbirth.Ithasmanyimpliedmeanings.First,itmeans"accepting,"i.e.,beingabletosaythatitis"my"problemanditisuptometosolveit.Manytimeswefindourselvesputtingtheblameonothers-parents,societyorthecircumstancesoflife.Nothinghappensbychance,butallistheresultofourpastactions.Therearetimeswhenwhatisneededispatience.Weseektocomeoutofanunpleasantsituationquickly.Wemustunderstandthatifthecausehadbeenoperatingforalongtime,theeffectalsowouldlastlong-asevenwhenthegashasbeenturnedoff,theburnerremainshotforalongtime.Similarly,weexpectquickresults;havingputintheeffort,wemustbewillingtowait.Patientacceptanceofwhatisduetousmakesusmakesustakeastepfurtherinourdevelopment. ④Oncewehavelearnttodealwithadifficulty,thenexttimeweencounterit,itceasestobeadifficulty.But,moreoftenthannotthecauseoftheproblemisinternal,i.e.,withinus,andoften,itcallsforachange.Oftenthedifficultyissolvedwhenwearewillingtochange—ourwayofthinking,ourfeelings,ourlikesanddislikes—andreadytoadaptoradjustourselvestoaproblematicsituationorapersoninlife.Wemustrealizethatrealizethatchangeisinevitable,andalwaysbementallypreparedforit. ⑤Notalllife'sproblemsaresuchthattheyneedtobedealtwithallatonce.Sometimesitispossibletotakeastepandwaitforalongtime.Forinstance,ifthetapisleakingthenweneedtocallaplumberassoonaswecan.Buthavingcalledhimandhavingfoundthathecancomeonlythefollowingmorning,weshouldwaitpatientlyforthenext24hours.Inthisperiod,peoplecangetveryanxiousandgoontalkingaboutittoothers.Therearemanysuchproblemsinlife.It′sofgreatnecessitytoacceptthatlifeingeneralisfullof（）A、seektododgethemB、immediatereactionC、waitingforalongtimeD、difficultiesandadversitiesE、veryanxiousF、onothers10.ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland AmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries. "Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,"saidthewoman. TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel,about8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel. Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds. "Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome."saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon."Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown." Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham. Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931,measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.DuringtheApril28earthquake,thewholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.（）A、RightB、WrongC、Notmentioned11.AsChristmasiscoming,therearepresentstobebought,cardstobesent,androomstobecleaned.Parentsare___1___withdifficultjobsofhidingpresentsfromcuriousyoungchildren.Ifthegiftsarelarge,thisissometimesareal___2___.OnChristmasEve,youngchildrenfindtheexcitementalmostunbearable.TheyaretornbetweenthewishtogotobedearlysothatFatherChristmaswillbringtheirpresentsquicklyandthewishtostayuplatesothattheywillnotmissthefun.Thewishforgiftsusuallyprovesstronger.Butthoughchildrengotobedearly,theyoftenlieawakeforalongtime,hopingtogetashort___3___atFatherChristmas. LastChristmas,mywifeandIsuccessfullyhidafewlargepresentsinthestoreroom.I___4___themomentwhenmyson,Jimmy,wouldaskmewherethatnewbikehadcomefrom,but___5___hedidnotseeit. OnChristmasEve,ittookthechildrenhourstogotosleep.Itmusthavebeennearly___6___whenmywifeandIwentquietlyintotheirroomandbeganfillingstockings.ThenIpushedinthe___7___IboughtforJimmyandleftitbesidetheChristmastree.Weknewwewouldnotgetmuchsleepthatnight,forthechildrenwere___8___togetupearly.Ataboutfiveo’clockthenextmorning,wewerewokenbyloudsoundscomingfromthechildren’sroom—theywereshoutingexcitedly!BeforeIhadtimetogetoutofbed,youngJimmycameridingintotheroomonhisnewbike,andhissister,Mary,followedclosebehindpushinghernewbabycarriage.Eventhebabyarrived.Hemoved___9___thehandsandkneesintotheroomdraggingalargeballoonbehindhim.Suddenlyitburst.Thatwokeusup___10___.Thedayhadreallybegunwithaband!___3___內(nèi)應(yīng)選（）A、bikeB、midnightC、fortunatelyD、lookE、problemF、facedG、sureH、onI、fearedJ、tinyK、completelyL、lick12.Income Incomemaybenationalincomeandpersonalincome.Whereasnationalincomeisdefinedasthetotalearnedincomeofallthefactorsofproduction-namely,profits,interest,rent,wages,andothercompensationforlabor,personalincomemaybedefinedastotalmoneyincomereceivedbyindividualsbeforepersonaltaxesarepaid.NationalincomedoesnotequalGNP(GrossNationalProduct)becausethefactorsofproductiondonotreceivepaymentforeithercapitalconsumptionallowancesorindirectbusinesstaxes,bothofwhichareincludedinGNP.Themoneyputasideforcapitalconsumptionisforreplacementandthusisnotcountedasincome.Indirecttaxesincludesalestaxes,propertytaxes,andexcisetaxesthatarepaidbybusinessesdirectlytothegovernmentandsoreducetheincomelefttopayforthefactorsofproduction.Three-fourthsofnationalincomegoesforwages,salaries,andotherformsofcompensationtoemployees. Whereasnationalincomeshowstheincomethatthefactorsofproductionearn,personalincomemeasurestheincomethatindividualsorhouseholdsreceive.Corporationprofitsareincludedinnationalincomebecausetheyareearned.Outoftheseprofits,however,corporationprofittaxesmustbepaidtothegovernment,andsomemoneymustbeputintothebusinessforexpansion.Onlythatpartofprofitsdistributedasdividendsgoestotheindividual;therefore,outofcorporationprofitsonlydividendscountaspersonalincome.Thefactorsofproductionearnmoneyforsocialsecurityandunemploymentinsurancecontributions,butthismoneygoestogovernment(whichisnotafactorofproduction),nottoindividuals.Itisthereforepartofnationalincomebutnotpartofpersonalincome. Ontheotherhand,moneyreceivedbyindividualswhentheycollectsocialsecurityorunemploymentcompensationisnotmoneyearnedbutmoneyreceived.Interestreceivedongovernmentbondsisalsointhiscategory,becausemuchofthemoneyreceivedfromthesaleofbondswenttopayforwarproductionandthatproductionnolongerfurnishesaservicetotheeconomy. Themoneypeoplereceiveaspersonalincomemaybeeitherspentorsaved.However,notallspendingiscompletelyvoluntary.Asignificantportionofourincomegoestopaypersonaltaxes.Mostworkersneverreceivethemoneytheypayinpersonaltaxes,becauseitiswithheldfromtheirpaychecks.Themoneythatindividualsareleftwithaftertheyhavemettheirtaxobligationsisdisposablepersonalincome.Disposableincomecanbedividedbetweenpersonalconsumptionexpendituresandpersonalsavings.Itisimportanttorememberthatpersonalsavingiswhatisleftafterspending.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?（）A、GNPequalsnationalincomeplusindirectbusinesstaxes.B、GNPexcludesbothcapitalconsumptionallowancesandindirectbusinesstaxes.C、Personalincomeisregardedasthetotalmoneyincomereceivedbyanindividualafterhisorhertaxesarepaid.D、Themoneythatgoesforcapitalconsumptionisnotregardedasincome.13.PersonalFinance Whenitcomestoourfinances,eachofushasourownindividualapproach.Someofusaresavers,somearespenders,andothersaresome-whereinbetween.Thiscontinuumisaparadigmthatourpopularcultureusestoframedifferencesinthewaypeopleapproachmoney. Ibelievethatthewayweapproachourfinancesgoesbeyondthatparticularbehavioralcharacteristic.Inreality,Ithinkourapproachtofinancescanbeviewedinmoreofamulti-dimensionalsetting,wheremoneyhasadifferentroleinourlives.Forsome,moneymeanssurvival,plainandsimple.Forothers,moneyissomethingthatisapartoftheirlivesbutrarelyontheirmind,regardlessoftheroleitactuallyplays.Foryetothers,moneyisanobsession,asaccumulationindicatesachievement.Somepeopleviewmoneyasadefensiveresourcetoprotectagainstfuturesetbacks.Somepeoplewantmoneytoprovideagoodhome,tocontributetotheabilitytohavecertainhobbies,ortoprovidesomethingtofuturegenerationsandsoon.Sometimesthesamepersonmayviewmoneydifferentlyindifferentsituations.Thebottomlineisthatweeachhaveourownrelationshipwithmoney,andourownconsciousandsubconsciousneedsformoney,rootedinourvaluesystems. Thisisanareaofpersonalfinancethathasinterestedmeforawhile.Whydopeoplebehavethewaytheydowithrespecttotheirmoney?What'sdrivingthisbehavior?Ofcourse,astartingpointforanybodyistoconsiderhowyoupersonallyviewthings.Takinganintrospectiveapproach，Ihavespenttimefiguringoutmyowntakeonmoney，andtheroleitplaysinmylife.WhatIhavedeterminedisthatforme，itfitsintoaframeworkthatincludesthefollowingelements：health,wealth,andrelationships.Thesearelinkedtogetherasapartofasystem.They'reallconnected,andtotheextentoneisstrengthened,theotherswillbestrengthenedaswell.Ifoneisweakened,theotherswillbeweakenedaswell.Sotome,moneyisapartofthewealthaspectofHWR.Beyondbasicsurvival,moneygivesyoutheopportunitytoliveahealthierlife,withthetimeandmeanstohavemorepositiverelationships.OnethingIwanttomakeclearisthatIamnotsayingthatmoneybuysfriends.Well,itcould,butthosearen'ttruefriends.WhatIamsayingisthatthemoremoneyyouhave,onbalance,thelessstressedyouareaboutit,andthemoretimeyouhavetodootherthings,suchascultivatetrue,genuinerelationshipsthataren’tbasedonmoney.Moneyisbutacomponentinthesystem.Somepeoplethinkofmoneyasameansofdonation.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven14.MarriageAdvertisementsinIndia EverySundaymorningmillionsofIndianssettledownwithacupofteaandspecialweekendissuesoftheirnewspapers,justasAmericansdo.Buthere,withthemarriageseasonapproaching,manyofthemquicklytoaSundayfeaturethatisparticularlyIndian-the-columnsofmarriageadvertisementsinwhichyoungpeoplelookforhusbandsandwives.Thisisrelativelymodernchangeintheage-oldcustomofthearrangedmarriage.Thethousandsofadvertisementspublishedeachweekincreasinglyreflectsocialchangesthatcomingtothistraditionalsociety.Forexample,althoughwomenarestilldescribedintermsofappearance,orskillin"thewifelyarts",informationaboutherearningpowerisenteringmoreandmoreoftheadvertisements.ThisreflectsthearrivalinIndiaoftheworkingwife. Divorce,whichusedtobealmostunheardofinIndia,issometimesnowmentionedintheadvertisementsasinthecaseofawomanwhoseadvertisementinNewDelhinewspaperexplainedthathadbeen"theinnocentparty"whenhermarriagebrokeup. Becausethecustomofthedowry(marriagepayment)isnowillegal,someadvertisementssay"nodowry"or"simplemarriage",whichmeansthesamething.However,thefathersofmanybridegroomsstillrequireit.Inalandwherelightskinisoftenregardedassociallypreferable,manyalsorequirethatawomanhavea"wheat-color"complexionorthatamanbe"tall,fairandhandsome".Advertisementsareplacedandeagerlyreadbyawiderangeofpeopleintheupperclasses,mostlyincities.Manyofthemreceivedozensofanswers."There'snothingembarrassingaboutit,"explainedaCalcuttabusinessmanadvertisingason-in-law."It'sjustanotherwayofbroadeningthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilityofdoingthecontactsandincreasingthepossibilitiesofdoingthebestoneforone'sdaughter." Becauseofhighunemploymentandagenerallypoorstandardoflivinghere,oneofthebestattra