2023-2024學(xué)年度高三年級第一學(xué)期期末考試英語本試卷共12頁，滿分150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Haveanewdish.C.Makeaplanforhersister.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablyorder?A.Soup.B.Ameatpie.C.Chicken.3.HowdidthemanknowaboutFocus?A.OntheInternet.B.Fromitsmember.C.Througharelative.4.Whatmakesthemanalittlesad?A.Asmallgathering.B.Tom’sdeparture.C.Anewneighbor’sarrival.5.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Alocalteam.B.Aweekendplan.C.Afootballmatch.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)請聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍.聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmanydaysdidthetriptake?A.21.B.24.C.60.7.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthelandscapeinMongolia?A.It’sboring.B.It’sexciting.C.It’sfrightening.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whydoesthemancomplain?A.Thestaffsaidbadwords.B.Thecoolingsystemfailed.C.Theseatwasuncomfortable.9.Howwouldthemandescribethesolution?A.Disappointing.B.Acceptable.C.Perfect.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wherewillthewomanprobablygo?A.Peru.B.India.C.Spain.11.Whatfoodwillthewomanavoid?A.Meat.B.Peanuts.C.Cheese.12.Whenwilltheinterviewtakeplace?A.OnFriday.B.OnThursday.C.OnTuesday.13.Whatwillthewomandointheinterview?A.Presentslides.B.Displayequipment.C.Shareherexperience.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。14.Whatdidthemandreamofdoing?A.GoingtoKenya.B.Becominganathlete.C.Studyinginuniversity.15.Whydidthemanregret?A.Hedidnotpracticeearlier.B.Hedidnottrainhardenough.C.Hedidnotfollowhisparents’advice.16.Howdoesthemanfeelafterstudyingthecourse?A.Relieved.B.Regretful.C.Curious.17.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Fellowclassmates.C.Teacherandstudent.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。18.WhydidChandistarttheexpedition?A.Tomakehistory.B.Todosomeresearch.C.Toseekmorechallenges.19.WhathelpedChandisurvivethedepressingdays?A.Self-reflection.B.Inspiringvoices.C.Adventurousstories.20.WhichwordcanbestdescribeChandi?A.Determined.B.Competitive.C.Considerate.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APUBLICSPEAKINGINSTRUCTOR:Dr.EliseMorrisonOBJECTIVES:PublicSpeakingisdesignedtoimproveyourunderstandingofthecommunicationprocessandtodevelopyourskillsasapublicspeakerandasacriticofpublicspeech.ASSIGNMENTS:Throughoutthecourseyouwilldeliverfourpreparedspeechesofincreasinglengthandcomplexity.Youwillprepareoutlinesforeachspeech.Youwillalsowritetwoshortpapersthatanalyzevariousaspectsoforalpresentationandrhetoric.Speaking:SpeechofIntroduction:Introduceyourselfin2minutes.Thegoalisforyouraudiencetorememberyournameandlearnsomethingaboutyou.SpeechtoTeach:The4-minutespeechwillteachusaboutanideaorhowtodosomething.Theemphasisisonorganizationaswellasonestablishingcommongroundandcredibility.SpeechtoInitiateanAction:Youhave6minutestopersuadetheaudiencetotakeaspecificaction.Thefocusisonmotivationandfollow-through.SpeechtoChangeanAttitude:Youhave8-10minutestochangeyouraudience’sattitudesonatopicthatyouwillhavepre-testedforagreement/disagreement.Theemphasisisonargumentation,credibility,andpersuasion.Interviews:Youwillreceivein-classcoachingonhowtopersuasivelycommunicateyourskillsinajobinterview.Written:RhetoricalAnalysisofaFamousSpeech:Writeanessaythatanalyzestherhetoricalstrategiesusedinafamousspeechofyourchoosing.Self-Assessment/CourseEvaluation:Thepurposeofthisassignmentistoassessyourworkinthecourseandthecourseitself.GRADINGOralPresentationsandWrittenComponents90%SpeechofIntroduction(5%)SpeechtoTeach(10%)RhetoricalAnalysisofFamousSpeech(20%)SpeechtoInitiateanAction(20%)Outline(10%)Speech(10%)SpeechtoChangeanAttitude(30%)Outline(15%)Speech(15%)Self-evaluation(5%)ClassParticipation10%1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aspeechannouncement. B.Alessondesign.C.Anacademicarticle. D.Acourseguide.2.Whichspeechfocusesonthestructure?A.SpeechtoTeach. B.SpeechofIntroduction.C.SpeechtoInitiateanAction. D.SpeechtoChangeanAttitude.3.Howmuchdoeswrittenworkaccountfor?A.15%. B.25%. C.30%. D.35%.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了“公共演講”這門課程的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，包括概念、類型以及評估方式等等。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹公共演講的課程目標(biāo)和作業(yè)，屬于課程指南性質(zhì)，因此文章很可能來自課程指南。故選D。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“SpeechtoTeach”中的“The4-minutespeechwillteachusaboutanideaorhowtodosomething.Theemphasisisonorganizationaswellasonestablishingcommongroundandcredibility.(4分鐘的演講將教會(huì)我們一個(gè)想法或如何做某事。重點(diǎn)在于組織以及建立共同基礎(chǔ)和信譽(yù)。)”可知，“SpeechtoTeach”強(qiáng)調(diào)組織和建立共同點(diǎn)和可信度，也就是說重點(diǎn)在于結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Written:RhetoricalAnalysisofaFamousSpeech:Writeanessaythatanalyzestherhetoricalstrategiesusedinafamousspeechofyourchoosing.(一篇著名演講的修辭分析：寫一篇文章，分析你選擇的一篇著名演講中使用的修辭策略。)”以及“Self-Assessment/CourseEvaluation:Thepurposeofthisassignmentistoassessyourworkinthecourseandthecourseitself.(自我評估/課程評估：這項(xiàng)作業(yè)的目的是評估你在課程中的工作和課程本身。)”可知，這兩項(xiàng)是書面任務(wù)；再根據(jù)“RhetoricalAnalysisofFamousSpeech(20%)(著名演講修辭分析(20%))”和“Self-evaluation(5%)(自我評價(jià)(5%))”可知，這兩項(xiàng)書面任務(wù)占比為20%+5%=25%。故選B。BGrowingupinLouisiana,acrosstheMississippiRiverfromNewOrleans,BarryGuillotlovedexploringthewetlandswithhisfriendswhenhewasachild.However,ashegrewolder,agrowingconcernaboutthedisappearanceofwetlandstookroot.“ImagineiftheNewOrleansSaints,ourfootballteam,wereplayingonafieldthatwasactuallywetlands,”Barrysays.“Byhalftime,thatfootballfieldwouldbegone.”In1988,Barrybecameamiddleschoolscienceteacher.Withtheintentionofbringinghometohiskidstheimportanceofwetlands,hefoundedtheLaBrancheWetlandWatchersService-LearningProject,“adopting”asmallpartofLaBrancheWetlandsneartheirschool.WetlandWatchersactivitiesaretiedtoacademicsubjects.Water-qualitymonitoring,forexample,teachesstudentstousegraphstocomparedatafromdifferenttimeperiods—partofthemathcurriculum.AfterHurricaneKatrina,thesalinity(amountofsaltinthewater)wasfourtimesashighasbefore.Studentsmadegraphstoshowthat.AspartofEnglishcomposition,theywroteaboutseeingjellyfish(水母),whichhadnevercomethatfarbeforebecausejellyfishliveonlyinsaltywater.“Weobtainedmorethanwewouldjustsittingbehindadeskwithabook,becauseyou’reoutthereandyou’regettingallwetandmuddyandhavingfunasyoulearn,”saysKurt,aseventhgrader.Barryisveryproudofhisstudents.“It’samazingwhatmiddleschoolkidscanaccomplishwhentheygetthechance,”hesays.Oneofhisseventhgraderswrote,“Iftheanimalsandplantscouldtalk,Ithinktheywouldsaywe’retheirheroes.That’sthewayIfeelwhenwedoourworkinthewetlands.”4.Whyis“footballfield”mentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwetlandsarelimited. B.ToexpressBarry’sloveoffootball.C.Tostresstheurgencyofsavingwetlands. D.ToshowBarry’sworryabouthisfootballteam.5.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thenecessityofmakinggraphs. B.Theimportanceofhands-onlearning.C.Theconnectionoftheactivitiestoschooling. D.Relationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.6.HowdoesKurtfeelabouttheactivities?A.Theyaremessy. B.Theyarechallenging.C.Theyaredull. D.Theyarerewarding.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBarry’sstudents?A.TheywillteachlikeBarry. B.Theywillaskformorechances.C.They’refullofasenseofachievement. D.They’reacknowledgedasgreatheroes.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在濕地邊長大的BarryGuillot對濕地消失的擔(dān)憂越來越強(qiáng)烈，成了一名中學(xué)科學(xué)教師后，他創(chuàng)立了LaBranche濕地觀察者服務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)活動(dòng)與學(xué)科知識(shí)相結(jié)合，讓孩子們認(rèn)識(shí)到濕地的重要性的同時(shí)也享受到學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣與成就感?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,ashegrewolder,agrowingconcernaboutthedisappearanceofwetlandstookroot.“ImagineiftheNewOrleansSaints,ourfootballteam,wereplayingonafieldthatwasactuallywetlands,”Barrysays.“Byhalftime,thatfootballfieldwouldbegone.”(然而，隨著年齡的增長，他對濕地消失的擔(dān)憂越來越強(qiáng)烈?！跋胂笠幌拢绻覀兊淖闱蜿?duì)新奧爾良圣徒隊(duì)在一塊實(shí)際上是濕地的場地上比賽?！盉arry說：“到中場休息時(shí)，那個(gè)足球場就會(huì)消失。”)”可知，隨著年齡的增長，BarryGuillot對濕地消失的擔(dān)憂越來越強(qiáng)烈，他用濕地球場上進(jìn)行的比賽到中場時(shí)球場消失這一想象的場景來說明濕地消失的很快以及對濕地消失的擔(dān)憂，由此可知，提到“footballfield”是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)拯救濕地的緊迫性。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。第三段“WetlandWatchersactivitiesaretiedtoacademicsubjects.Water-qualitymonitoring,forexample,teachesstudentstousegraphstocomparedatafromdifferenttimeperiods—partofthemathcurriculum.AfterHurricaneKatrina,thesalinity(amountofsaltinthewater)wasfourtimesashighasbefore.Studentsmadegraphstoshowthat.AspartofEnglishcomposition,theywroteaboutseeingjellyfish(水母),whichhadnevercomethatfarbeforebecausejellyfishliveonlyinsaltywater.(濕地觀察者的活動(dòng)與學(xué)術(shù)科目有關(guān)。例如，水質(zhì)監(jiān)測教學(xué)生使用圖表來比較不同時(shí)期的數(shù)據(jù)——這是數(shù)學(xué)課程的一部分?？ㄌ乩锬蕊Z風(fēng)過后，海水的含鹽量是之前的四倍。學(xué)生們用圖表來說明這一點(diǎn)。作為英語作文的一部分，他們寫了關(guān)于看到水母的故事，因?yàn)樗钢簧钤谙趟?，所以水母從來沒有飛那么遠(yuǎn)。)”通過舉例來說明實(shí)地觀察者活動(dòng)與學(xué)習(xí)科目緊密相關(guān)，學(xué)生使用圖表來比較不同時(shí)期的數(shù)據(jù)是數(shù)學(xué)課程的一部分，在英文作文中學(xué)生描寫看到水母；由此可知，第三段主要闡述了濕地觀察者活動(dòng)與學(xué)校教育的聯(lián)系。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Weobtainedmorethanwewouldjustsittingbehindadeskwithabook,becauseyou’reoutthereandyou’regettingallwetandmuddyandhavingfunasyoulearn,”saysKurt,aseventhgrader.(七年級學(xué)生Kurt說：“我們學(xué)到的東西比坐在書桌后面看書要多，因?yàn)槟阍谀抢?，你全身濕透，渾身泥濘，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中享受樂趣?！?”可知，Kurt認(rèn)為在這個(gè)活動(dòng)非常有益，他們從中學(xué)到了比書本上更多的知識(shí)，而且在這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程中享受到了樂趣。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Oneofhisseventhgraderswrote,“Iftheanimalsandplantscouldtalk,Ithinktheywouldsaywe’retheirheroes.That’sthewayIfeelwhenwedoourworkinthewetlands.”(他的一個(gè)七年級學(xué)生寫道：“如果動(dòng)物和植物會(huì)說話，我想它們會(huì)說我們是它們的英雄。這就是我在濕地工作時(shí)的感受?！?”可知，Barry的學(xué)生為保護(hù)濕地努力，他們認(rèn)為自己是動(dòng)物和植物英雄；由此可知，學(xué)生們對于自己參與的活動(dòng)充滿成就感。故選C。CGrowingupinsuburbia,yardworkwaspunishment.I’dtakealmostanythingelse.Ididn’tlikebeingoutside,andIespeciallydidn’tlikebugsordirt.WhenIlefthomeat17withabackpackofbelongings,Ifiguredmygardeningdayswerebehindme.Therewerenoyardstoworkin-onlyconcrete!Theconcretejunglethatawaitedmeseemedlikeawelcomeescapefromtheoutdoorchoresthathadoncefeltlikeasentence.Itwasn’tuntilmymid-20sthatI,thinkingitwastheadultthingtodo,broughthomeasmalldaisy(雛菊)inapottoputonmyfireescape.Lessthan24hourslater,asquirrel(松鼠)arrivedanddraggeditaway,potandall.That’sNewYorkforyou!Itookitasasignanddidn’ttryanymoreplantsinthatapartment.WhenImarried,mywifeandIboughtahouseinouterBrooklyn.Therewasenoughroomtohaveagardenifwewantedone.Wedecidedtoseeifwecouldgrowanything,mostlyforthenoveltyfactor.Muchtomysurprise,digginginthedirtfeltlikefunandtotallynotachore!Intheearlymornings,Iwouldbenddowntoinspectthesoilwaitingfortheplantstoappear.Wateringatdusk,Iwhisperedtothebabyplants,expectingthemtokeepgrowing.Theplantskepttheneighborhoodsquirrelsfedandprovidedaplaceforbumblebeestonap.Ifeltarushofpowerandexcitement.Astheflowersandvegetablesbloomed,Inoticedsomethinginmewasgrowingaswell.Sincerunningawayfromhomeasateenager,I’vealwaysdonemybesttobuildashelterformyselfwhereverIwasliving.Ihungpicturesonthewalls.Ibuiltnewholidaytraditionswithfriends.Ipaintedthewallsbrightcolors.Butitalwaysfeltlikemaybethatdeepconnectiontoaparticularspacewasmissing.Ingardening,Ifinallyfoundthisnewlayerofdepth.IguessyoucouldsayIwasputtingdownroots.Thereisaninspiring,self-carepracticeinthetimeandenergyittakestoplant,water,andwaitandwaittoseeifthemagichappens.It’stheactofgrowingthatIfindthesweetest.Whatareyougrowing?8.Howdoestheauthorinterprethisdepartureat17?A.Asanecessarystepforgrowth. B.Asagreatrelief.C.Asanescapefromsocialexpectations. D.Asabittersweettransition.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorathismid-20s?A.Therewasashiftinhisperspective. B.Heregardedasquirrelasabadsign.C.Hebegantomissthedaysbefore17. D.Asenseofresponsibilitygrewinhim10.Whatdidtheauthorharvestfromgardening?A.Acolorfullife. B.Friends’respect.C.Creativeideas. D.Asenseofbelonging.11.Thequestionattheendisintendedtostimulatethereaderstoconsider_______.A.theirownsourcesofgrowth B.theimportanceofgardeningC.theoutputofthegrowingplants D.theirfavoriteflowersandvegetables【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從討厭園藝到愛上園藝的過程?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Growingupinsuburbia,yardworkwaspunishment.I’dtakealmostanythingelse.Ididn’tlikebeingoutside,andIespeciallydidn’tlikebugsordirt.(在郊區(qū)長大，在院子里干活是一種懲罰。我?guī)缀跏裁炊家觥Ｎ也幌矚g呆在外面，我尤其不喜歡蟲子和泥土。)”可知，作者并不喜歡園藝。再根據(jù)第二段“WhenIlefthomeat17withabackpackofbelongings,Ifiguredmygardeningdayswerebehindme.(當(dāng)我17歲帶著一背包的東西離開家時(shí)，我以為我的園藝生涯已經(jīng)過去了。)”根據(jù)，作者17歲離開家時(shí)感到非常開心，因?yàn)樗梢赃h(yuǎn)離討厭的園藝生活，并從此將它拋在腦后。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Itwasn’tuntilmymid-20sthatI,thinkingitwastheadultthingtodo,broughthomeasmalldaisy(雛菊)inapottoputonmyfireescape.(直到二十多歲的時(shí)候，我想到這是成年人該做的事，于是帶了一朵裝在花盆里的小雛菊回家，放在我的防火梯上。)”可知，作者20多歲的時(shí)候，對園藝的看法有了改變。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Astheflowersandvegetablesbloomed,Inoticedsomethinginmewasgrowingaswell.Sincerunningawayfromhomeasateenager,I’vealwaysdonemybesttobuildashelterformyselfwhereverIwasliving.Ihungpicturesonthewalls.Ibuiltnewholidaytraditionswithfriends.Ipaintedthewallsbrightcolors.Butitalwaysfeltlikemaybethatdeepconnectiontoaparticularspacewasmissing.Ingardening,Ifinallyfoundthisnewlayerofdepth.IguessyoucouldsayIwasputtingdownroots.(隨著鮮花和蔬菜的綻放，我注意到我身上的一些東西也在成長。自從十幾歲離家出走以來，無論我住在哪里，我總是盡我最大的努力為自己建立一個(gè)庇護(hù)所。我把畫掛在墻上。我和朋友們建立了新的節(jié)日傳統(tǒng)。我把墻壁涂成鮮艷的顏色。但我總覺得，也許與某個(gè)特定空間的深層聯(lián)系缺失了。在園藝方面，我終于找到了這種新的深度。我想你可以說我是在扎根。)”可知，作者離家以后，一直在努力建立一個(gè)庇護(hù)所，而通過園藝，作者終于感到自己扎根了，也就是有了歸屬感。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Thereisaninspiring,self-carepracticeinthetimeandenergyittakestoplant,water,andwaitandwaittoseeifthemagichappens.It’stheactofgrowingthatIfindthesweetest.(這是一種鼓舞人心自我護(hù)理實(shí)踐，花時(shí)間和精力去種植，澆水，等待，等待，看看奇跡是否會(huì)發(fā)生。我覺得成長的過程最甜蜜。)”可知，作者在最后的發(fā)問是為了激發(fā)讀者去思考自己的成長源自哪兒。故選A。DTheGreekphilosopherHeraclitustaughtthatyoucan’tstepintothesamerivertwice,foryouaren’tthesamepersonateachvisit,andthewateriseverflowing.Itisapowerfulwaytorepresenttherealityofimpermanence:Everythingisalwayschanging.Manypeoplehavetenserelationshipswithchange.Theydenyit,resistitorattempttocontrolit-theresultofwhichisalmostalwayssomecombinationofstress,anxiety,andburnout.Itdoesn’thavetobethatway.Aconceptcalledallostasiscanhelp.Developedinthelate1980sbyaneuroscientist,PeterSterling,andabiologist,JosephEyer,allostasisisdefinedas“stabilitythroughchange,”elegantlyshowingtheconcept’sdoublemeaning:Thewaytostaystablethroughtheprocessofchangeisbychanging,atleasttosomeextent.Theriverofchangehasbeenflowingmercilessly,anditshowsnosignsoflettingup.Societally,we’vegonethroughapandemic(大流行病),itseconomicdeclineandthewidespreadadoptionofsocialmedia,thecombinationofwhichhasshiftedhowweliveandwork.Inourpersonallives,wecontinuetodowhatwehavealwaysdone:relocate,startjobs,quitjobs,changejobs,getpromoted,experienceillness,getmarried,havechildren,retireandonandon.Findingwaysinthisriverrequiresbothruggednessandflexibility.Toberuggedistobetoughanddetermined,toknowyourcorevaluesandwhatyoustandfor.Tobeflexibleistoactivelyrespondtochangingcircumstances,toadaptandbendeasilywithoutbreaking,togrowandevenchangeyourmind.Putthesequalitiestogetherandtheresultisagreatendurance,onethathelpsyoumaintainyourstrongcoreeveninfragilemoments.Itallowsyoutostepintoallostasis’scycleoforder,disorderandreorder—whichis,ofcourse,oneandthesamewithsteppingintoHeraclitus’sriver—andtochartitskillfullyandwheneverpossible,toyourownbenefit.12.Whatdoweknowaboutallostasis?A.Itisacontradictoryconcept. B.Ittendstofocusonchange.C.Itadvocatesdynamicstability. D.Itclaimsabsoluteadaptability.13.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“l(fā)ettingup”underlinedinparagraph4?ABeingpumped. B.Slowingdown. C.Gettingpolluted. D.Risingup.14.Whatwillyougainfrompracticingallostasisaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Popularity. B.Confidence. C.Recognition. D.Perseverance.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SayNotoStability B.StopResistingChangeC.FightforFlexibility D.BalanceLifeandWork【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了變化與穩(wěn)定性的概念，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了適應(yīng)變化和在變化中找到穩(wěn)定性的重要性?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Aconceptcalledallostasiscanhelp.Developedinthelate1980sbyaneuroscientist,PeterSterling,andabiologist,JosephEyer,allostasisisdefinedas“stabilitythroughchange,”elegantlyshowingtheconcept’sdoublemeaning:Thewaytostaystablethroughtheprocessofchangeisbychanging,atleasttosomeextent.(一種叫做“allostasis”的概念可以提供幫助。20世紀(jì)80年代末，神經(jīng)學(xué)家PeterSterling和生物學(xué)家JosephEyer將“allostasis”定義為“通過變化保持穩(wěn)定”，優(yōu)雅地展示了這個(gè)概念的雙重含義：在變化過程中保持穩(wěn)定的方法是改變，至少在某種程度上是這樣。)”可知，allostasis指的是通過變化保持穩(wěn)定。故選C。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組上一句“Theriverofchangehasbeenflowingmercilessly(變革的河流一直在無情地流淌)”可知，變化一直都在發(fā)生，由此可知，劃線詞組的意思和“停止、緩慢下來”相似。選項(xiàng)A“Beingpumped(興奮)”；選項(xiàng)B“Slowingdown(慢下來)”；選項(xiàng)C“Gettingpolluted(被污染)”；選項(xiàng)D“Risingup(上升)”。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Putthesequalitiestogetherandtheresultisagreatendurance,onethathelpsyoumaintainyourstrongcoreeveninfragilemoments.Itallowsyoutostepintoallostasis’scycleoforder,disorderandreorder—whichis,ofcourse,oneandthesamewithsteppingintoHeraclitus’sriver—andtochartitskillfullyandwheneverpossible,toyourownbenefit.(把這些品質(zhì)放在一起，結(jié)果是一個(gè)偉大的耐力，一個(gè)幫助你保持強(qiáng)大的核心，即使在脆弱的時(shí)刻。它能讓你進(jìn)入異穩(wěn)態(tài)的有序、無序和再有序的循環(huán)——當(dāng)然，這與踏入赫拉克利特的河流是一樣的——并在可能的時(shí)候，為了你自己的利益，巧妙地繪制它的圖表。)”可知，通過實(shí)踐“allostasis”，我們可以通過擁抱變化并從中找到穩(wěn)定性，可以獲得出色的耐力和技巧性地規(guī)劃自己的道路。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Manypeoplehavetenserelationshipswithchange.Theydenyit,resistitorattempttocontrolit-theresultofwhichisalmostalwayssomecombinationofstress,anxiety,andburnout.(很多人對改變的態(tài)度都很緊張。他們否認(rèn)、抵制或試圖控制它——其結(jié)果幾乎總是壓力、焦慮和倦怠的結(jié)合。)”、第三段“Itdoesn’thavetobethatway.(事情并不一定要這樣。)”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要討論了適應(yīng)變化和在變化中找到穩(wěn)定性的重要性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了通過擁抱變化并從中找到穩(wěn)定性，我們可以獲得出色的耐力和技巧性地規(guī)劃自己的道路。因此，最佳標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)B“StopResistingChange(停止抗拒變化)”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asthetreesdroptheirleavesandfrostsadvancein,weprepareourhomesandourselvesforthewintermonths.___16___Whentheseasonschange,weknowthatwehavetochangeourbehaviortokeepourselvessafeandwarm.Ourfeelingschangeliketheseasons.Laughing,joyfulandpositivelikesummer;sad,angry,andhopelesslikewinter.____17____However,itwouldnotbepracticaltofeelwonderfulallthetime.Thephrase“emotionalwintering”waspopularizedbyKatharineMay.Shementionsemotionalwinteringasksustoseeourdifficultoruncomfortablefeelingsaswinterswhichwecangetreadyforandlivethrough.____18____Sometimestheemotionalwintersarecausedbyaneventthatmakesusfeelasthoughwewanttowithdrawintoourselves.____19____Weneedtotaketimetoreplenish(補(bǔ)充)themwhileacceptingthatwearesad.Whateverthecause,emotionalwinteringencouragesustoacceptthatouremotionalseasonsarenormalandweshouldmanagethemasbestwecan.____20____Tomanagethroughchallengingtimesweneedtoadjustourhabits,reassessourexpectationsofourselves,andensurethatwesustainourselvesappropriately.Thisprocessgivesusthespacetoexplorethefullrangeofemotionsthatmakeushuman,andallowsustosafelysitwithafeeling,inrelativecomfort,untilitpasses.Withthemanagement,webelievewewillbewellbythetimethenextsummerrollsaround.A.Itpreparesusforthecomingspring.B.Differentemotionscometoallofus.C.Emotionalwinteringasksustochange.D.Wecangrowfromchallengingexperience.E.Thicksocksandcosyblanketsarebroughtout.F.Weexpecttoalwaysliveinouremotionalsummers.G.Atothertimeswesimplyuseupoursuppliesofpositivity.【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.G20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)有不同的情緒，我們的情感像季節(jié)一樣變化。【16題詳解】下文“Whentheseasonschange,weknowthatwehavetochangeourbehaviortokeepourselvessafeandwarm.Ourfeelingschangeliketheseasons.(當(dāng)季節(jié)變化時(shí)，我們知道我們必須改變我們的行為來保持自己的安全和溫暖。我們的情感像季節(jié)一樣變化。)”提到了情感的變化，選項(xiàng)B中Differentemotions是關(guān)鍵詞與下文呼應(yīng)，所以B選項(xiàng)“我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)有不同的情緒?！蹦芤鹣挛膬?nèi)容，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Laughing,joyfulandpositivelikesummer;sad,angry,andhopelesslikewinter.(談笑風(fēng)生，像夏天一樣快樂積極；像冬天一樣悲傷、憤怒、絕望。)”提到了夏天和冬天代表的不同情感，下文“However,itwouldnotbepracticaltofeelwonderfulallthetime.(然而，一直感覺美好是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。)”提到了不可能一直感覺美好，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“我們希望永遠(yuǎn)活在情感的夏天?！迸c下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Shementionsemotionalwinteringasksustoseeourdifficultoruncomfortablefeelingsaswinterswhichwecangetreadyforandlivethrough.(她提到情感過冬要求我們把困難或不舒服的感覺看作是我們可以做好準(zhǔn)備并度過的冬天。)”提到了困難或不舒服的感受，選項(xiàng)D中challenging是關(guān)鍵詞與上文的difficultoruncomfortablefeelings呼應(yīng)，所以D選項(xiàng)“我們可以從充滿挑戰(zhàn)的經(jīng)歷中成長。”能承接上文，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】下文“Weneedtotaketimetoreplenish(補(bǔ)充)themwhileacceptingthatwearesad.(我們需要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間來補(bǔ)充它們，同時(shí)接受我們的悲傷。)

”提到了補(bǔ)給問題，G選項(xiàng)中的supplie是關(guān)鍵詞，是下文的them指代的內(nèi)容。所以G選項(xiàng)“在其他時(shí)候，我們只是用完我們的積極供應(yīng)。”能引起下文，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“Tomanagethroughchallengingtimes,weneedtoadjustourhabits,reassessourexpectationsofourselves,andensurethatwesustainourselvesappropriately.(為了應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要調(diào)整我們的習(xí)慣，重新評估我們對自己的期望，并確保我們適當(dāng)?shù)鼐S持自己。)”提到了調(diào)整、評估等行為，選項(xiàng)C中change是關(guān)鍵詞，與下文的adjust呼應(yīng)，所以C選項(xiàng)“情感過冬要求我們改變”能引起下文，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Dolphins.That’showIgotintotrouble.MyfamilywereeatingdinnerwhenI____21____itup.Imentionedafriendpostingoverlyinspirationalquotesaccompaniedbyphotosofrainbows,sunsets,heart-shapedclouds,you____22____it.“Nowshe’smovedontodolphins,Iwonderifkillerwhalesare____23____.”Everyoneinmyfamily____24____,exceptmy17-year-olddaughter,Maggie.“You’resnarky(愛挖苦的),Mom.Youmakefunofeverything.”Iwantedtoargue,butMaggiegavemetheteenage____25____shoulder.AllnightIthoughtaboutwhatMaggiehadsaid.Wasshe____26____?WasItoosnarky?Actually,Iwasn’ta____27____person.ButaroundpeopleIwascomfortablewith,Ididtendto____28____things.SoforthisNewYear’sResolution,I____29____I’dstopbeingsnarky.Thefirstfewdays,Iwasn’texpressingthesnark,butthe_____30_____keptrunninginmyhead.I,however,controlledthem.Gradually,Imanagednotonlytostopbeingsnarky,buttobe_____31_____toothers.Severaldayslater,Iwasintheregularsupermarket.Thecheck-outclerkwasasourwomanwhorarelysaidanythingapartfromthe_____32_____“welcome”.Noticingsheseemedsad,Ididn’tgivethe_____33_____inmyusualway.Instead,Ijust_____34_____forher.IdidsomethingI’dneverdonebefore.Ismiledather.Shesmiledback.Ileftthestorefeeling_____35_____somehow.21.A.tore B.put C.brought D.picked22.A.like B.name C.draw D.share23.A.alive B.next C.dangerous D.past24.A.screamed B.rose C.froze D.laughed25.A.cold B.broad C.bony D.tense26.A.pessimistic B.reliable C.right D.guilty27.A.greedy B.ridiculous C.rigid D.mean28.A.setaside B.putupwith C.makefunof D.takedown29.A.decided B.agreed C.pretended D.guessed30.A.arguments B.comments C.jokes D.plans31.A.kind B.blind C.humble D.plain32.A.controlled B.required C.interrupted D.teased33.A.assistance B.information C.response D.suggestion34.A.felt B.behaved C.arose D.fought35.A.clearer B.tougher C.milder D.lighter【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.C27.D28.C29.A30.B31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者因?yàn)榕畠赫f的話反思自己，決定不再挖苦別人，并在超市對一個(gè)不友好的收銀員報(bào)以微笑，從而感受到善意的力量?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我提起這件事的時(shí)候，我的家人正在吃晚飯。A.tore撕開；B.put放；C.brought帶來；D.picked挑選。根據(jù)“Imentionedafriendpostingoverlyinspirationalquotesaccompaniedbyphotosofrainbows,sunsets,heart-shapedclouds,you____2____it.”可知，作者在和家人一起吃晚飯的時(shí)候提到海豚。bringsth.up意為“提到”，符合語境，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我提到過一個(gè)朋友發(fā)了一些過于鼓舞人心的語錄，并附上了彩虹、日落、心形云等照片，凡是你說得出的（應(yīng)有盡有）。A.like喜歡；B.name說出……的名詞；C.draw畫；D.share分享。根據(jù)“rainbows,sunsets,heart-shapedclouds,”可知，朋友的照片上有很多東西，列舉的物品應(yīng)有盡有。younameit凡是你說得出的（應(yīng)有盡有）。故選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“現(xiàn)在她把目光轉(zhuǎn)向了海豚，我想知道下一個(gè)目標(biāo)是不是虎鯨?！盇.alive活著的；B.next下一個(gè)；C.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；D.past過去的。根據(jù)“Nowshe’smovedontodolphins,”可知，作者開玩笑說朋友關(guān)注的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)會(huì)是虎鯨。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的家人都笑了，除了我17歲的女兒麥琪。A.screamed尖叫；B.rose上升；C.froze凍結(jié)；D.laughed笑。根據(jù)“You’resnarky(愛挖苦的),Mom.Youmakefunofeverything.”可知，以及下文作者反思自己，可知此處是大家都笑了。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我想反駁，但麥琪對我冷淡。A.cold寒冷的，冷淡的；B.broad寬的；C.bony骨瘦如柴的；D.tense緊張的。根據(jù)“You’resnarky(愛挖苦的),Mom.Youmakefunofeverything.”可知，女兒麥琪對作者不滿，態(tài)度冷漠。故選A。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她是對的嗎？A.pessimistic悲觀的；B.reliable可靠的；C.right正確的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)“WasItoosnarky?”可知，作者在反思自己是不是太愛挖苦人了，即在思考女兒說的是不是對的。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)際上，我不是一個(gè)刻薄的人。A.greedy貪婪的；B.ridiculous荒謬的；C.rigid嚴(yán)格的；D.mean刻薄的。根據(jù)“ButaroundpeopleIwascomfortablewith,Ididtendto____8____things.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己并不刻薄。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但在和我相處融洽的人在一起時(shí)，我確實(shí)傾向于拿事情開玩笑。A.setaside把……放到一邊；B.putupwith忍受；C.makefunof開玩笑；D.takedown寫下。根據(jù)“ButaroundpeopleIwascomfortablewith,”可知，作者會(huì)跟熟悉的人開玩笑。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以今年的新年計(jì)劃，我決定不再尖酸刻薄。A.decided決定；B.agreed同意；C.pretended假裝；D.guessed猜測。根據(jù)“WasItoosnarky?”和“Gradually,Imanagednotonlytostopbeingsnarky,buttobe____11____toothers.”可知，作者決定不再挖苦別人。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最