DiscoveringUsefulStructuresUNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGELead-in——ListentoanEnglishsongandtrytofillintheblanks.I__________________withashadowoverheadI

__________________

with

a

cloud

above

my

bedIhavebeenlonelyforsolongTrappedinthepast,Ijustcan’tseemtomoveonI__________________allmyhopesanddreamsawayJustincaseIeverneedthemagainsomedayI__________________asidetimetoclearalittlespaceinthecornersofmymind……h(huán)avebeenlivinghavebeensleepinghavebeenhidinghavebeensettingThePresentPerfectContinuousTenseTimeadverbialContentsThestructureofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseThreeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseThecomparisonbetweenthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandthethepresentperfecttense①Indeed,thankstothegoodideasoflotsofpeople，manypeoplearoundtheworldhave

been

enjoyingcitycentrestreetswithoutcarsformanyyears.②Hehas

been

fightingwithafriendrecently.③Ihave

been

lookingforajobforthreemonths.④Ihave

been

writinglettersallthiseveningandI’vejustfinishedthem.⑤Youhaven’t

been

doingyourhomeworkthosedays.⑥Toomuchhas

been

happeningtoday.Observeanddiscover—ThestructureSummarize：（1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：肯定形式

ave/hasbeendoing

（句①②③④⑥）；否定形式

have/hasnotbeendoi

（句⑤）。

（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作開始于過去，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動作有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，也可能

剛剛結(jié)束?

（句④）。（3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時也可以

帶有某種感情色彩?

（句⑥）。have/hasbeendoing

have/hasnotbeendoing

剛剛結(jié)束帶有某種感情色彩1.Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.2.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.3.IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.①現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示動作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)

下去。其動作是否繼續(xù)下去，則由上下文而定。這個時態(tài)多用于

動詞，如live,learn,lie,stay,sit,wait,stand,rest,study等。持續(xù)延續(xù)性Threeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense（1）動作還將繼續(xù)下去動作發(fā)生在過去，剛終止，不再繼續(xù)下去。動作發(fā)生在過去，還將繼續(xù)下去。補充以下幾類動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：表示感官、感覺：see，hear，smell等；表示愛憎：love，prefer，mind等；表示希望、意愿：wish，want，desire等；表示相信、猜想：believe，think，suppose等；

非延續(xù)性動詞。1.Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.2.He

hasbeenpromisingtohelpyou.Hasn’thedoneit?3.I_______________(take)partinracesforaboutfouryears.4.Jack_______________(phone)Janeeverynightforthelastweek.②表示動作并不是一直不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地

。havebeentakinghasbeenphoning重復(fù)Threeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense（2）1.Tomhasalwaysbeenworkinghard.2.Youhavebeencoughingalotlately!3.Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?③帶有

，使語言表達(dá)更加生動。Whatkindofemotiondoesthewriterexpressinthesesentences?贊許關(guān)切不滿感情色彩Threeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense（3）?

?完成句子

①She

hasalwaysbeenworkinghard

?recently.

最近她工作一直很努力。②Hereyesarered.It’sobviousthatshe

hasbeencrying

?foralongtime.

她的眼睛紅紅的，顯然她哭了很長時間。③It

hasbeensnowing

?sincelastSunday.

從上星期天開始就一直在下雪。④Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.You

havebeencleaningtheclassroom

?，Ithink.

你的衣服滿是灰塵，我想你一直在打掃教室吧。⑤Mysister

hasbeenlearningEnglish

?since2016.

自從2016年以來，我姐姐一直在學(xué)英語。hasalwaysbeenworkinghard

hasbeencrying

hasbeensnowing

classroom

havebeencleaningthehasbeenlearningEnglish

①Hehasbeenwritinganovel,whichwillbefinishednextmonth.②Hehaswrittenanovel,whichisbeingpreparedtocomeoutnow.③Ihavebeenvisitingmyhometownrecently,anditimpressesmedifferentlyeachtime.④Ihavevisitedmyhometownrecently,whosechangeshaveleftadeepimpressiononme.A:比較句子①②，___________________強調(diào)動作未完成(一直)；而___________________強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束(已經(jīng))。has\havebeendoinghas\havedoneB:比較句子③④，_________________強調(diào)動作的重復(fù)，___________可以表示一次性動作。has\havebeendoinghas\havedoneThecomparisonbetweenthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandthethepresentperfecttenseC:比較句子⑤⑥，____________________表示一種感情色彩；_____________則陳述一種事實。⑤Recentlyshehasalwaysbeenhelpingme.⑥Recentlyshehashelpedmealot.has\havebeendoinghas\havedoneD:比較句子⑦⑧_____________________強調(diào)動作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而_______________________只強調(diào)動作行為本身。⑦Therepairmanhasbeenrepairingthecaralltheafternoon.⑧Therepairmanhasrepairedyourcar,andyoucanhaveitnow.has\havebeendoinghas\havedone?

?用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Althoughmanymeasures

havebeentaken

?

（take），theworld’seconomyisstillgoingdown.

②Youshouldgotobed.You

havebeenwatching

?

（watch）TVfor5hours.

③I

havebeencleaning

?

（clean）thewindowssincethismorning.

④Sorry，butMrSmith

hasleft

?

（leave）forBeijing.

⑤Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe

hasbeenplaying

?

（play）inthemudallthemorning.

⑥Bythetimeherealiseshe

haswalked

?

（walk）intoatrap，it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.

havebeentaken

havebeenwatching

havebeencleaning

hasleft

hasbeenplaying

haswalked

since/by+過去時間點before+現(xiàn)在時間點for+時間段thesedaysinthepastfewdays/months/years最近：latelyrecently已經(jīng)：already到目前為止：yet,sofar,uptonow/till,bythetimeof+時間點現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時+表示“持續(xù)”的時間狀語：allthetime,thisweek/month,allnight/morning，severaltimes，

for…,since…TimeadverbialSummary現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)用法時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別have/has+been+doing1.表示動作從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至將來，強調(diào)進(jìn)行的過程。2.表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。allthetimethisweekallnightthesefewdaysfor…,since…動作延續(xù)性/完成？動作重復(fù)/一次性結(jié)果/行為本身有無感情3.表示感情色彩Readeachsituationandrewriteeachsentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.（P41）1.Thedogstartedtobarkabouttwohoursago.Ireallyhopeitwillstopsoon.

__________________________________________________________________________2.Stevestartedtoplayrugbyattheageofeight.Nowhehasbecomeaprofessionalplayer.__________________________________________________________________________

Thedoghasbeenbarkingforabouttwohours.

狗一直犬吠了大約兩個小時。Stevehasbeenplayingrugbysincetheageof

eight.史蒂夫自八歲以來一直打橄欖球。3.Timmyisholdingatabletennisbatandhisshorthairisdampwithsweat.Helooksalittletiredafterplayingtabletennisfortwohours.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.

Dianehasn'tgotmuchsleepthisweek.Shelooksterribletoday.

__________________________________________________________________________________________5.

Itriedtophoneyouthismorning.ImusthavetriedadozentimesbeforeIcaughtyouhere.

__________________________________________________________________________________________Helooksalittletiredbecausehehasbeenplayingtabletennisfortwohours.他看起來有點累因為他一直打乒乓球達(dá)兩個小時了。Dianehasn'tbeensleepingwell

thisweek.

戴安娜這個星期一直沒睡好。Ihavebeentryingtophoneyouthismorning.

我今天早上一直試圖給你打電話。Completethesentencesbelowusingthecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.Thenexplainyourreasonstoyourpartner.1.Forthewholemorning,theboardofthedirectors

_________________(discuss)theresolutiontoincreasewagesinthecomingyear.一整個早上，董事會一直在討論來年漲工資的決議。2