朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁(yè)/共頁(yè)東南大學(xué)2003年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題請(qǐng)考生注重：試題解答務(wù)請(qǐng)考生做在專用“答題紙”上！做在其它答題紙上或試卷上的解答將被視為無(wú)效答題，不予評(píng)分。課程編號(hào)：451課程名稱：語(yǔ)言學(xué)與翻譯語(yǔ)言學(xué)部分（90分）Ⅰ.Determinewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueoffalse(15分)1.ThereasonforFrenchtousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.2.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemslacktheprimarylevelofarticulation.3.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytodiachronicstudiesoflanguage.4.[P]asinspeakisaspirated.5.Complementarydistributionofallophonesisunpredictable.6.Allboundmorphemesareaffixes.7.VoicelesslabiodentalstopisnotavailableinEnglish.8.OneofthedisadvantagesofICAisthatitfailstoaccountforambiguiousstructures.9.Inthesemiotictriangle,thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweensymbolandreferent.10.Ifawordhassense,itmusthavereference.11.Predicationofasentenceisidenticaltothepropositionofthesentence.12.Theperformativeutterancehasnotruthvalue.13.Micro-sociolinguisticsissociolinguisticsproper.14.Regionaldialectisavarietyoflanguagerelatedtotheuseoflanguage.15.Linguisticcompetenceisonevarietyofculturalcompetence.Ⅱ.Fillintheblankswithappropriateinformation(10分)1.Theabilityforanativespeakertounderstandasentencethathasneverbeenheardbeforeisreferredtoas____.2.Thedancingofbeestosignalahoneysourceissimilarto____.3.IPArefersto____.4.Deepstructuresarechangedintosufacestructuresbymeansof_____.5.Intermsofcomponentialanalysis,thedistinctivecomponentinboyandgirlis___.6.ThepredicationasinItisraininghardis____.7.Ifanargumentofonepropositionishyponymoustoanargumentoftheother,thetwopropositionsareinrelationof____.8.Intheadditionofnewwords,smogisa(n)____.9.Waltzisborrowedfrom____.10.Thetolalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshis/her_____.Ⅲ.Illustratethearbitrarypropertyofhumanlanguageswithreferenceto(1)animalandartificialcommunicationsystems,(2)itsadvantagesanddisadvantages,(3)twodifferentschoolsofbeliefand(4)sporadicfeatures(10分)Ⅳ.Explainthereasonswhyanativespeakercanrecognizeaforeign“accent”(5分)Ⅴ.IllustratethetworelationshipsbetweenconstituentsinBloomfield’sstructurism(5分)Ⅵ.Howisbehaviourismdifferentfrommentalisminthestudyofmeaning(10分)Ⅶ.WhatarethepossiblecoloursofChinese“青”inEnglish?Andwhatdoesthisreflectinsemantics(10分)？Ⅷ.Explainwithexamplesthereasonswhyutterancemeaningiscontext-dependent(5分)Ⅸ.Howtoexplainthefollowingexamplewiththeco-operativeprinciple(5分)?A:Canyouanswerthetelephone?B:I’minthebath.Ⅹ.ExplainthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishculturebyillustratingoneaspectoflife,whichisrichinChinesebutlimitedinEnglish,andviceversa(10分).Ⅺ.WhatisthedifferencebetweenpidginandCreole(5分).翻譯部分（60分）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(30分):1.那劉姥姥先聞聲（熙鳳）告苦，這當(dāng)是沒(méi)想頭了，又聞聲給他二十兩銀子，喜得眉開(kāi)眼笑道：“我們也知道艱巨的，但只俗語(yǔ)說(shuō)：‘瘦死的駱駝比馬還大’呢。憑他怎樣，你拔跟寒毛比我們的腰還壯哩！”2.大陸體系正如一切暴力體系那樣，瓦解了。它不象總算天命的生命，和緩地、逐漸地衰亡，而是驟然地分崩離析：它瓦解了，好似冬天的寒霜，太陽(yáng)出來(lái)便消融蒸發(fā)。還是在昨天，囫圇歐洲大陸象廣大的平原籠罩在一塊龐大的堅(jiān)冰之下，展示出荒涼慘淡的景象；今天，天上吹來(lái)的和煦溫風(fēng)，將這地大地解凍，于是，河水又潺潺奔流，人類再次恢復(fù)交往。Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(30分)1.Pausenowforamoment,andconsiderhowmuchmoresolicitousweareaboutourprivateintereststhantheRhodians(洛迪安人)havebeenabouttheirwelfare.Ifanyoneofusforeseesapossibleinjurytohisprivateinterests,hestrugglesmightandmaintoavertit.YettheRhodianshavepatientlysubmittedtosuchapossibleinjurytotheirwelfare.…Itcertainlyisnotproperthatamanshouldbeheldinesteemmerelybecausehesayshehashadadispositiontodogoodwheninfacthehasnotdoneso.ShalltheRhodiansthenbeinawrongposition,notbecausetheyhaveactuallydonewrong,butbecausetheyaresaidtohavethedesiretodoso?2.Thefactthistermfindsitswayintopopculturesuggestshowpervasivethemind-setofliterarytheoryhasbecomeinourtime.Ihaveevenheartabasketballcoachsaythathisteamhadlearnedtodeconstructazonedefense.Literarytheoryhaspermeatedourthinkingtothepointthatithasdefinedforourtimeshowdiscourseaboutliterature,aswellasaboutcultureingeneral,shallproceed.Literarytheoryhasarrived,andnostudentofliteraturecanaffordnottocometotermswithit.有錯(cuò)誤，需要修改現(xiàn)在先暫停一會(huì)兒，想想我們擔(dān)心我們的個(gè)人利益比洛迪安人擔(dān)心他們的福利是怎樣急切的多得多。倘若我們中的任何一人預(yù)見(jiàn)到個(gè)人利益可能受到的侵犯就會(huì)全力以赴的避免它，而洛迪安人向來(lái)以來(lái)都耐心地承受著可能的對(duì)他們的福利的侵犯。僅因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人說(shuō)他有計(jì)劃做善事，而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做，就認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到大家的恭敬，那絕對(duì)是不合情理的。難道洛迪安人就應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為他們想做而不是事實(shí)上已經(jīng)做過(guò)什么壞事而受到不平等的待遇？這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)入流行文化的事實(shí)表明，在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代文學(xué)理論的思維方式是多么盛行。我甚至聽(tīng)一個(gè)籃球教練說(shuō)過(guò)他的籃球隊(duì)已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何“解構(gòu)”聯(lián)防。文學(xué)理論已經(jīng)滲入我們的思想，其程度之深以至：它界定了在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代議論關(guān)于文學(xué)以及文化的話題總體上應(yīng)該如何舉行，任何一位學(xué)文學(xué)的學(xué)生都應(yīng)該對(duì)其耳熟能詳。參考答案：東南大學(xué)2003年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題請(qǐng)考生注重：試題解答務(wù)請(qǐng)考生做在專用“答題紙”上！做在其它答題紙上或試卷上的解答將被視為無(wú)效答題，不予評(píng)分。課程編號(hào)：451課程名稱：語(yǔ)言學(xué)與翻譯語(yǔ)言學(xué)部分（90分）Ⅰ.Determinewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueoffalse(15分)1.ThereasonforFrenchtousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.2.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemslacktheprimarylevelofarticulation.3.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytodiachronicstudiesoflanguage.4.[P]asinspeakisaspirated.5.Complementarydistributionofallophonesisunpredictable.6.Allboundmorphemesareaffixes.7.VoicelesslabiodentalstopisnotavailableinEnglish.8.OneofthedisadvantagesofICAisthatitfailstoaccountforambiguiousstructures.9.Inthesemiotictriangle,thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweensymbolandreferent.10.Ifawordhassense,itmusthavereference.11.Predicationofasentenceisidenticaltothepropositionofthesentence.12.Theperformativeutterancehasnotruthvalue.13.Micro-sociolinguisticsissociolinguisticsproper.14.Regionaldialectisavarietyoflanguagerelatedtotheuseoflanguage.15.Linguisticcompetenceisonevarietyofculturalcompetence.Ⅱ.Fillintheblankswithappropriateinformation(10分)1.Theabilityforanativespeakertounderstandasentencethathasneverbeenheardbeforeisreferredtoas____.2.Thedancingofbeestosignalahoneysourceissimilarto____.3.IPArefersto____.4.Deepstructuresarechangedintosufacestructuresbymeansof_____.5.Intermsofcomponentialanalysis,thedistinctivecomponentinboyandgirlis___.6.ThepredicationasinItisraininghardis____.7.Ifanargumentofonepropositionishyponymoustoanargumentoftheother,thetwopropositionsareinrelationof____.8.Intheadditionofnewwords,smogisa(n)____.9.Waltzisborrowedfrom____.10.Thetolalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshis/her_____.Ⅲ.Illustratethearbitrarypropertyofhumanlanguageswithreferenceto(1)animalandartificialcommunicationsystems,(2)itsadvantagesanddisadvantages,(3)twodifferentschoolsofbeliefand(4)sporadicfeatures(10分)Ⅳ.Explainthereasonswhyanativespeakercanrecognizeaforeign“accent”(5分)Ⅴ.IllustratethetworelationshipsbetweenconstituentsinBloomfield’sstructurism(5分)Ⅵ.Howisbehaviourismdifferentfrommentalisminthestudyofmeaning(10分)Ⅶ.WhatarethepossiblecoloursofChinese“青”inEnglish?Andwhatdoesthisreflectinsemantics(10分)？Ⅷ.Explainwithexamplesthereasonswhyutterancemeaningiscontext-dependent(5分)Ⅸ.Howtoexplainthefollowingexamplewiththeco-operativeprinciple(5分)?A:Canyouanswerthetelephone?B:I’minthebath.Ⅹ.ExplainthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishculturebyillustratingoneaspectoflife,whichisrichinChinesebutlimitedinEnglish,andviceversa(10分).Ⅺ.WhatisthedifferencebetweenpidginandCreole(5分).翻譯部分（60分）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(30分):1.那劉姥姥先聞聲（熙鳳）告苦，這當(dāng)是沒(méi)想頭了，又聞聲給他二十兩銀子，喜得眉開(kāi)眼笑道：“我們也知道艱巨的，但只俗語(yǔ)說(shuō)：‘瘦死的駱駝比馬還大’呢。憑他怎樣，你拔跟寒毛比我們的腰還壯哩！”2.大陸體系正如一切暴力體系那樣，瓦解了。它不象總算天命的生命，和緩地、逐漸地衰亡，而是驟然地分崩離析：它瓦解了，好似冬天的寒霜，太陽(yáng)出來(lái)便消融蒸發(fā)。還是在昨天，囫圇歐洲大陸象廣大的平原籠罩在一塊龐大的堅(jiān)冰之下，展示出荒涼慘淡的景象；今天，天上吹來(lái)的和煦溫風(fēng)，將這地大地解凍，于是，河水又潺潺奔流，人類再次恢復(fù)交往。Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(30分)1.Pausenowforamoment,andconsiderhowmuchmoresolicitousweareaboutourprivateintereststhantheRhodians(洛迪安人)havebeenabouttheirwelfare.Ifanyoneofusforeseesapossibleinjurytohisprivateinterests,hestrugglesmightandmaintoavertit.YettheRhodianshavepatientlysubmittedtosuchapossibleinjurytotheirwelfare.…Itcertainlyisnotproperthatamanshouldbeheldinesteemmerelybecausehesayshehashadadispositiontodogoodwheninfacthehasnotdoneso.ShalltheRhodiansthenbein