Unit1ART選修三本單元的引言出自美國思想家拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生的散文《論美》（Beauty）。在《論美》一文中，愛默生指出：美是人類靈魂的一種需求。人人都有愛美之心，而藝術家不滿足于對美的仰慕之情。對美的追求和熱愛，激勵著藝術家不斷創(chuàng)造作品，以新的形式去表現(xiàn)美。這種美的創(chuàng)造就是“藝術”。Loveofbeautyistaste.Thecreationofbeautyisart.——RalphWaldoEmerson對美的喜愛是品位。對美的創(chuàng)造是藝術。——拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生Lead-inWhatkindsofartdoyouknow?danceliteraturemusicoperafilmpaintingarchitecturesculptureLookatotherpaintingsandanswerthequestions.WhatdoyouknowaboutthemDoyouknowwhopaintedthemVincentVanGogh(1853—1890)wasapainterofHolland.He’sfamousforhisideaofemotionalexpressioninpainting.HisgreatpaintingsincludeThe

Sunflowers,StarryNight

andWheatfieldwithCrows.PabloPicasso(1881-1973)wasaSpanishpainter,sculptor,printmaker,andceramicist.Oneofhismostfamouspaintings,Guernica(格爾尼卡),isaverylargepaintingshowingthebombingofaSpanishtownduringtheSpanishCivilWar.ClaudeMonet(1840—1926),wasaFrenchpainterwhowastheinitiator(創(chuàng)始人),leader,andunswerving(堅定的)advocateoftheImpressioniststyle.Famouspaintingsinclude:Wheatstacks(干草堆),Sunrise(日出),Waterlilies

(睡蓮).LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)wasanItalianpolymath(博學大師),butismostwell-knownasapainter.FamouspaintingsincludeMonaLisa

andTheLastSupper.Heisseenasanexampleof“Renaissanceman”,

apersonwhoseskillsanddesireforknowledgeanddevelopmentknownobounds.Paintingissilentpoetry,andpoetryisaspeakingpicture.Enjoythepaintings;enjoyyourlife!畫是無言的詩,詩是有聲的畫。SchoolofAthens1.DoyouknowthenameofthepaintingWhopaintedit2.Whatcanyouseeinthepainting3.WhoarethesepeopleWhataretheydoingSchoolofAthens《雅典學院》---Raphael(拉斐爾)《雅典學院》是意大利畫家拉斐爾·桑西于1510～1511年創(chuàng)作的一幅壁畫作品?，F(xiàn)收藏于意大利梵蒂岡博物館。該畫以古希臘哲學家柏拉圖舉辦雅典學院之逸事為題材，以極為兼容并蓄、自由開放的思想，打破時空界限，把代表著哲學、數(shù)學、音樂、天文等不同學科領域的文化名人會聚一堂，以回憶歷史上黃金時代的形式，寄托了作者對美好未來的向往，表達了對人類中追求智慧和真理者的集中贊揚，反映的是古典時期學派林立、相互切磋的景象。

[10]

畫作采用了拱形圓屋頂作為背景，以很高的透視法水平，增強了畫面的空間立體感和深遠感。整幅畫氣勢恢宏、場面宏大。畫中人物栩栩如生、活靈活現(xiàn)。FastreadingASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING1.What’sthemainideaofthepassageA.Howreligiouspaintingsdeveloped.B.HowWesternartdeveloped.C.Howoilpaintingsdeveloped.D.HowImpressionistpaintingsdeveloped.FastreadingASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING2.Theauthor’smainpurpose

inwritingthispassageisto_____.A.toadvertisethecourseofpaintingB.tomakeyouamusedC.totellyouhowtopaintpicturesD.tointroduceyousomeinformationaboutwesternpainting3.What'stheorderofthisarticleA.timeorderB.spatialorderC.logicalorderAShortHistoryofWesternPaintingWhatisWesternartItishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.Para.11.Whatiswesternart2.WhatisthebestwaytounderstanditPerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolook

atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.(P2)

也許，了解西方藝術的最好方法就是回顧若干個世紀以來西方繪畫的發(fā)展。*不定式（短語）作表語，對主語進行解釋說明。辨析不定式（短語）作表語表示一次具體的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事；動名詞（短語）作表語表示抽象的、一般性的動作。

例句Hishobbyispainting.

他的愛好是畫畫。Hisdreamistobecomeapainter.他的夢想是成為一名畫家。MyaimistoletChinagototheworldandlettheworldunderstandChina.

我的目標是讓中國走向世界，讓世界了解中國。

1(20thcenturytotoday)TheMiddleAgesTheRenaissanceImpressionismModernArt(14thto17thcentury)(5thto15thcenturyAD)(late19thtoearly20thcentury)TimeorderFastreadingQ:HowmanyperiodsofthepaintingsarementionedinthistextWhataretheyTheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).…Para.2much修飾比較級…的目的/意圖…Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.Para.2conj.雖然；盡管使與眾不同；使突出尤其；特別Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.雖然他的畫作仍然有宗教主題，但這些作品展示了真實環(huán)境中的真實人物?！蚓湫凸剑簑hile引導的從句(1)當while意為“盡管，雖然”時，引導讓步狀語從句。(2)當while意為“當……的時候；和……同時”時，引導時間狀語從句。(3)當while意為“只要”時，引導條件狀語從句。(4)當while意為“然而，可是”時，連接兩個并列句子，表示對比關系。[練通]——猜猜加黑詞while的含義①Whileheloveshisstudents,heisverystrictwiththem.____________②Whileworking,Irealizedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderthehotsun.____________③[2022·全國乙卷]ThepercentofthestudentswholistentoEnglishsongsisashighas65%.50%ofthemwatchEnglishmovieswhileonly18%readEnglishbooks.____________盡管；雖然當……的時候然而，可是Period2

TheRenaissance(Para.3-5)TimeCharacteristicsArtists

fromthe14thtothe17thcenturylessreligiousthemesmorehumanisticattitudetolifeuseofperspective;useofoilpaintsdeepcoloursandrealism;looklikephotographsemphasisshiftedtopeopleandtheworldaroundusportraitsofpeopleofhighrankthemesofhistoricaleventsandmythologyLeonardodaVinci;Michelangelo;Raphael;RembrandtPeriodMiddleAgesfromthe5thtothe15thcenturyCauseofchange

ArtistFeatureGiottodiBondonereligiousthemes;primitiveandtwo-dimensional;muchlargermaincharacters;showedrealpeopleinarealenvironment(morerealistic);setapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.toteachaboutChristianity,uninterestedinpaintingrealisticscenesReligious_________themesFindWork(s)oftheMiddleAges

TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio'sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.Para.3定語從句attitudetowards對…的態(tài)度將…集中于…8(教材P3)Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality，butinsteadtoaskthequestion，“Whatisart？”他們試圖做的不再是展示現(xiàn)實，而是提出問題：“什么是藝術？”?！蚓湫凸剑簑hat引導名詞性從句(1)what引導的名詞性從句，

what在從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語；(2)that也可引導名詞性從句，但that在從句中不作任何成分，也無實際意義。[佳句]

WhatIwanttostressistoraisethepublic'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.我想強調(diào)的是提高公眾的環(huán)保意識。(應用文之演講稿)[練通]——單句語法填空①[2022·全國乙卷]Soon，however，theyrealized________theyhadundertaken.②Myrequirementis________allthestudentsshouldgatherattheschoolgateat7：00a．m.andthengototheparkonfoot.③________astonishedmewasthatshedidn'tcareaboutmyfeelings.[寫美]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Asisknowntous，smartphoneshavebecomeanimportantpartinourdailylife.→______________________smartphoneshavebecomeanimportantpartinourdailylife.(主語從句)whatthat

What

WhatisknowntousisthatAnotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.Para.4定語從句作為看起來像…Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.Para.5位高權重者從...轉(zhuǎn)變到/轉(zhuǎn)換到…現(xiàn)在分詞作定語定語從句Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.(P2)

最后，大多數(shù)顧客想要的是漂亮、有趣的繪畫。*n.+be+adj.+不定式（主動形式表被動的含義）剖析不定式的主動形式表被動的含義：某些“形容詞+不定式”的結構中，不定式有被動意義，與句子主語構成動賓關系。

例句Theapplesarehardtoreach.

這些蘋果很難夠到。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletositon.

這把椅子看上去相當硬，但實際上坐起來很舒服。2PeriodTheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)Causeofchange

ArtistFeatureNewideasandvaluesreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddlesAages.Masaccio,LeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,Raphael,Rembrandtconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes;adoptedamorehumanisticattitudetolife;theuseofperspective;theuseofoilpaints;looklikephotoswithdeepcoloursandrealism;theemphasisshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus;portraitsofpeopleofhighrank;themesofhistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.FindWork(s)oftheRenaissance

______

themeoilpaintshumanisticPeriod3

Impressionsim（Para.6-7）TimeCharacteristicsArtists

late19thtoearly20thcenturyfollowedinventionofphotographyPaintingswerenotneededtopreservewhatthingslookedlike.aimedtoconveylightandmovementratherthanrecordingrealisticdetailfocusedonpeople,nature,anddailylifefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlifeshowedinnerlifeofthesubjecttooClaudeMonet;RenoirRenoir雷諾阿ClaudeMonet莫奈Impression,Sunrise《日出印象》Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotographyinthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,ImpressionismemergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.Para.6賓語從句不再過去分詞作定語不定式作表語并列的賓語WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir'spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.Para.7充滿不僅(不但)…而且…prep.不像…試圖做/設法做某事側(cè)重于;專注于雖然；盡管PeriodImpressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)Causeofchange

ArtistFeatureTheinventionofphotograpyClaudeMonet,Renoiraimedtoconveylightandmovementratherthanrecordthedetailsofthesceneitself;paintedscenesofnature,dailylifeandpeoplefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife;showednotjusttheouterimageofthesubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswellFindWork(s)of

Impressionismfulloflightandshadowscencesof

natureordailylifePeriod4

ModernArt(Para.8)TimeCharacteristicsArtists

fromthe20thcenturytotodayanalysedshapesofthenaturalworldinanewwayrealisticbutdream-likequalitiesabstractnolongershowedreality,butaskedthequestion“whatisart”indifferentwaysPicassoCubism(立體主義)1908年始于法國的藝術流派，又稱立方主義。當時巴黎兩位畫家布拉克和畢加索，深受非洲的雕刻中單純的造型和尖銳的對比影響，在此基礎上發(fā)展出了一個以他們?yōu)榇淼莫毺禺嬶L，即立體主義。Picasso

(1881-1973)(Spanishcontemporaryartist)analysedtheshapesexistinginthenaturalworldinanewway,withCubism.ModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)AfterImpressionism,subsequentartistsbegantoask,"Whatdowedonext"PainterssuchasPicasso(1881-1973)triedtoanalysetheshapeswhichexistedinthenaturalworldbutinanewway,withCubism.Othersgavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality.Stillothersturnedtoabstractart.Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,"Whatisart"Para.8謂語轉(zhuǎn)向主語從句主語定語從句表語PeriodModernart(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)Causeofchange

ArtistFeatureNotmentionedanalysedtheshapesexistinginthenaturalworldinanewway,withCubism;gavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality;turnedtoabstractart;nolongershowreality,butaskedthequestion“whatisartPicassoFindWork(s)of

ModernartabstractartPart1（para.1）Part2（para.2-8）TheMiddleAges5th-15thTheRenaissance14th-17thImpressionismlate19th–early20thModernart20th-todayAshorthistoryofwesternpaintingstructureWesternarthasmany

styles.

differentTask4:ListthefactorsthathaveinfluencedthechangesinWesternpaintingstyles.religiontheuseofarttheartists’attitudeorunderstandingaboutartnewideasandvaluesnewtechniquesnewtoolsinventionsoutstandingartists1giveaprecisedefinition2duringtheMiddleAges3religiousthemes4inparticular5set…

apartfrom6adoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife7insubjectmatterImportantphrases(P2~P3)給出明確的定義中世紀時期宗教主題使……區(qū)別于/不同于尤其對生活采取一種更為人性化的態(tài)度在題材方面8peopleofhighrank9importanthistoricalevents10adetailedrecord