試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2024屆湖南省益陽市高三下學(xué)期三模考試英語試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解Spainisacountrythatcontinuestosurpriseandletustellyouit’snotallsunbathingandshopping!We’reoutliningourtop3reasonstodiscoverSpainalongwithourholidaysuggestionstohelpyoumakeupyourmind.StunningsceneryFromthedramatic,imposingmountainstothecountlessglisteningbeachesthatdotitscoastlines,Spainisacountryfullofnaturalbeautyandinspiringlandscapes.Ifbreath-takingviewsanduniquescenerycapturesyourattentionthenourtopsuggestionistoexperienceaholidaytoTenerifewhereyoucanenjoytheinspiringitsvolcanicviewsandpanoramicscenery.ThelargestoftheCanaryIslands,justsouthofSpain,Tenerifehasarugged,volcaniclandscapeaswellasover200milesofcoastlineboastingahugevarietyoffloraandfauna.BeautifulbeachesDidyouknowthatSpainhasover5,000milesofcoastlineandthousandsofbeaches?Whereveryougo,youareneverfarfromabeach.Fromundiscovered,hiddenalcovestopopulartouristresorts,there’sabeachforeveryoneandwithover300daysofsunshineeachyearyou’reguaranteedtheweathertoenjoythem!Thisbeautifulcountryalsohasthemostblueflagbeachesintheworldsonowyou’venoexcuse!Withthousandsofbeachestochoosefrom,wherewillyougo?FabulousfoodFormanypeople,oneofthehighlightsofSpainis,ofcourse,theamazingfoodonoffer.Thecountry’svibrantcitiesofferupMichelin-starredrestaurantsandlivelytapasbars,whilesmall-towncafésandrestaurantsofferuptraditionaldishessuchaspaella,seafoodstew,andchorizo,madewithlovefromfamilyrecipes.Spanishcuisineisknownforbeingdelicious,healthy,andfullofflavour,sotherearemanyuniquedishesavailablethatwilltemptyourtastebuds.Ifwe’vemadeyouhungry,thenyoushouldtakeaholidaytoCostaBrava,aSpanishfoodiedestinationthatshouldnotbemissed!1．WhatisthetopsuggestionforexperiencingstunningsceneryinSpain?A．ThebeachesofCostaBrava.B．Themountainsinthenorthernregion.C．AholidaytoTenerife.D．Thehiddenalcovesalongthecoastline.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespecialtyinSpain?A．Conventionalcuisinesandtrendybars.B．Volcanicviewsandcountlesscoastlines.C．Sufficientsunshineandstrikingbeaches.D．Marinecreaturesandmouthwateringseafood.3．Whatpurposedoestheauthorwritethepassagefor?A．Toinform. B．Toreport. C．Toreview. D．Toentertain.【答案】1．C2．D3．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了去西班牙旅行的三個理由。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifbreath-takingviewsanduniquescenerycapturesyourattentionthenourtopsuggestionistoexperienceaholidaytoTenerifewhereyoucanenjoytheinspiringitsvolcanicviewsandpanoramicscenery.(如果令人屏息的美景和獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景能吸引您的注意，那么我們的頂級推薦是去體驗(yàn)一次特內(nèi)里費(fèi)島的假期，在那里您可以欣賞到令人振奮的火山景觀和全景風(fēng)光。)”可知，在西班牙欣賞壯麗風(fēng)景的最佳建議是前往特內(nèi)里費(fèi)度假，故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Formanypeople,oneofthehighlightsofSpainis,ofcourse,theamazingfoodonoffer.Thecountry’svibrantcitiesofferupMichelin-starredrestaurantsandlivelytapasbars,whilesmall-towncafésandrestaurantsofferuptraditionaldishessuchaspaella,seafoodstew,andchorizo,madewithlovefromfamilyrecipes.(對許多人來說，西班牙的亮點(diǎn)之一當(dāng)然是提供的令人驚嘆的食物。這個國家充滿活力的城市提供米其林星級餐廳和熱鬧的小吃吧，而小城鎮(zhèn)的咖啡館和餐館提供傳統(tǒng)的菜肴，如海鮮飯，海鮮燉菜和西班牙辣香腸，用家庭食譜的愛制作)”及上文內(nèi)容可知，文章提到了海鮮，但是沒有提到海洋生物是西班牙的特產(chǎn)。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Spainisacountrythatcontinuestosurpriseandletustellyouit’snotallsunbathingandshopping!We’reoutliningourtop3reasonstodiscoverSpainalongwithourholidaysuggestionstohelpyoumakeupyourmind(西班牙是一個不斷帶來驚喜的國家，讓我們告訴你，這里不僅僅是曬太陽和購物！我們將列出發(fā)現(xiàn)西班牙的前三個理由，并提供我們的假期建議，幫助你做出決定)”可知本文介紹了去西班牙旅行的三個理由，可推理出本文的寫作目的是要告知讀者關(guān)于西班牙旅行的信息，故選A。Collegeprofessorsthesedaysfaceanever-higherbartograbtheattentionoftheirstudents,forcedtocompetewiththestimuliofsmartphonesandlaptopsinlargelecturehalls.Butwhenyourprofessorisasocialmediastar,it’salittlebiteasier.TatianaErukhimova,whoteachesphysicsatTexasA&MUniversity,hasmanagedtogetherstudents,aswellasfuturegenerations,excitedaboutthescience.Knownas“Dr.Tatiana”toherstudentsandonlinefanbase,theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasm.VideosofhertheatricaldemonstrationshaverackeduphundredsofmillionsofviewsacrossTikTokandothersocialmediaplatforms.Inthekid-friendlyvideos,Erukhimovausesarangeofeverydayobjectsinherexperiments,frompingpongballsandtoiletpapertomarshmallows,bicyclewheelsandhairdryers.Shecreditstheuniversitymarketingteam’svideosofherlessonsforhersocialmediasuccess.“Thisisjustoneofourwaystoconnectwithpeopletomakephysicsaccessibletopeople,”shetellsNPR.Aspartofthephysicsdepartment’sextensiveoutreachprogram,shealsoputsonshowsalmosteveryweekteachingphysicstoK-12students.“Thesoonerkidsaretaughtphysicsandtaughtitwell,thebetter,”shesays.It’sclearsheknowswhatittakestogetyoungpeopleexcitedaboutahardscience.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassesalmosttwodecadesago,shesaysshestruggledtograbtheattentionofheryoungerstudents.Shewasusedtoteachingjuniors,asshehadforafewyearspriortothat.Butwhenitcomestoteachingalargelecturehallof100-plusfirst-yearstudents,firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.“Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday—thatwasmymistake,”shesays.“Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.”Bythesecondsemester,shefoundherfooting,tweakingherapproachtomakeherlecturehallsfeelsmaller,andgetherstudentsengaged.Thekey,shesays,hasbeentomakeherselfapproachableandherinstructionpersonal.4．Whatisthemainchallengefacedbycollegeprofessorsinlargelecturehalls?A．Competitionwithsmartphonesandlaptops.B．Limitedresourcesfor·teachingmaterials.C．Inadequatesupportfromtheuniversity.D．Lackofinterestfromstudents.5．WhatroledoestheuniversitymarketingteamplayinTatianaErukhimova’ssocialmediasuccess?A．Encouragingstudentstousesocialmedia.B．CreatingTikTokaccountsforprofessors.C．Producingvideosofherphysicslessons.D．Promotingweeklyteachingprogram.6．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningErukhimova’sjuniorstudentsinParagraph4?A．Toreviewherteachingplans.B．Toshowanapplicationofheridea.C．Tohighlightthedifferencesofteaching.D．Toerasedoubtsaboutherapproaches.7．WhatlessondidTatianaErukhimovalearnwhensheinitiallystartedteachingcollegefreshman?A．Theimportanceofestablishingapersonalconnectionwithstudents.B．Thesignificanceoffocusingonjunior-levelstudents.C．Theeffectivenessoftraditionalteachingmethods.D．Theneedforadvancedteachingmaterials.【答案】4．A5．C6．C7．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了大學(xué)物理教授TatianaEnukhimova通過社交媒體激發(fā)學(xué)生對科學(xué)的熱情，強(qiáng)調(diào)教學(xué)的親和力與個性化。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Collegeprofessorsthesedaysfaceanever-higherbartograbtheattentionoftheirstudents,forcedtocompetewiththestimuliofsmartphonesandlaptopsinlargelecturehalls.(如今，大學(xué)教授在吸引學(xué)生注意力方面面臨著越來越高的門檻，他們被迫在大型演講廳與智能手機(jī)和筆記本電腦的刺激競爭。)”可知，大學(xué)教授在大型演講廳面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是與智能手機(jī)和筆記本電腦的競爭。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Shecreditstheuniversitymarketingteam’svideosofherlessonsforhersocialmediasuccess.(她將自己在社交媒體上的成功歸功于大學(xué)營銷團(tuán)隊的課程視頻。)”可知，她把她社交媒體的成功歸功于大學(xué)營銷團(tuán)隊對于她課程視頻的錄制。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“It’sclearsheknowswhatittakestogetyoungpeopleexcitedaboutahardscience.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassesalmosttwodecadesago,shesaysshestruggledtograbtheattentionofheryoungerstudents.Shewasusedtoteachingjuniors,asshehadforafewyearspriortothat.Butwhenitcomestoteachingalargelecturehallof100-plusfirst-yearstudents,firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.(很明顯，她知道如何讓年輕人對一門困難的科學(xué)感到興奮。但事實(shí)并非總是如此。她說，大約20年前，當(dāng)她第一次開始教授大學(xué)新生時，她很難吸引年輕學(xué)生的注意力。在那之前的幾年里，她一直習(xí)慣于教大三學(xué)生。但當(dāng)談到在一個由100多名一年級學(xué)生組成的大型演講廳教學(xué)時，第一印象是成敗攸關(guān)的。)”可推知，作者在第四段中提到Erukhimova的低年級學(xué)生的目的是突出教學(xué)的差異。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginningandthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.(我從一開始就錯過了與他們建立聯(lián)系的機(jī)會，后來我花了一段時間才找到自己的聲音。)”可推知，TatianaErukhimova剛開始教大學(xué)新生時，她學(xué)到了與學(xué)生建立個人聯(lián)系的重要性。故選A。Theoilandgasindustrymaybeemittingaboutthree-timestheamountofclimate-warmingmethanethangovernmentestimatesshow,accordingtoanewstudyfromStanfordUniversity,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandotherorganizationsinNature.Methane(甲烷)isthemaincomponentofnaturalgasandamongthegreenhousegasesheatingtheplanet,whichisproducedwhenextractingcrudeoil.Specificmeasurementsvariedfromalowoflessthan1%,oraboutwhattheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyestimates,atasiteinPennsylvaniatoahighofnearly10%inNewMexico.Researchersfoundthehigherpercentagesofmethanereleasedgenerallyhadsomethingincommon.“Theseareplaceswhereproductionismostlyfocusingonoil,”saysEvanSherwin,aresearchscientistatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratorywhoconductedtheresearchasapostdoctoralresearcheratStanfordUniversity.Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.InPennsylvania,bycontrast,drillersarefocusedonproducingnaturalgas,andthere,verylittleofthemethanewaswasted.Thatcomplicatesanargumentmanyintheindustryhavemade,generallyinoppositiontotightergovernmentregulationsonmethane.Theysaydrillershavetheincentivetocapturegasleakssotheycansellthefossilfuel.Butthat’snotalwayspossible,ifindustryhasn’tbuiltthepipelinesandotherinfrastructuretogetthegastoconsumers.Inthisstudy,researchersestimatetheindustryreleasesabout6.2milliontonsofmethaneayear,valuedat$1.08billion.“Emissionsofmethanefromfossilfueloperationsremainunacceptablyhigh,”saidTimGould,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,duringaTuesdaycallwithreporters.Theorganization’sGlobalMethaneTrackershowsmethanefromtheenergysectorwasneartherecordhighlevelin2023.Despitethat,theIEAconcludesthatifcountriesfullyimplementexistingpledgesonmethanereductions,thatwouldmakesignificantprogresstowardachievingglobalclimategoals.“2024couldmarkaturningpointandpoliciesarestartingtobeputintoplace.Greatertransparencyiscoming.Awarenessisspreadingandwehaveenhancedabilitytotracklargeleaksandactquicklytoshutthemdown,”Gouldsaid.Gouldsaidhehopestohavegoodnewstoshare,aboutareductioninmethaneemissions,nextyear.8．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A．Variousmeasuresaretakentorestrictthereleaseofmethane.B．Thelowvalueofthegasinpartleadstothehighleakofthemethane.C．Themorefocusedontheproductionofthegas,thehigherthemethanereleaseD．Thepercentageofmethaneindevelopingcountriesishigherthanindevelopedcountries9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inparagraph3mean?A．Equipment. B．Productivity. C．Drive. D．Assessment.10．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Caution:Methaneemissiongivesrisetoseriousglobalwarming.B．Methaneemissions:Oilandgasindustry’shiddenimpact.C．Measurestakentocutbackonmethaneemissions.D．Methaneistoblamefortheclimatechange.11．WhatisTimGould’sattitudetowardemissionsofmethaneatpresent?A．Critical. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.【答案】8．B9．C10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了甲烷氣體的泄露及采取應(yīng)對措施的迫切性。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.(但石油和天然氣往往是一起開采出來的，如果沒有辦法將價值較低的天然氣運(yùn)輸?shù)娇梢猿鍪鄣牡胤?，泄漏就會更?”可知，天然氣的低價值導(dǎo)致甲烷的高泄漏。故選B。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Thatcomplicatesanargumentmanyintheindustryhavemade,generallyinoppositiontotightergovernmentregulationsonmethane.Theysaydrillershavetheincentivetocapturegasleakssotheycansellthefossilfuel.Butthat’snotalwayspossible,ifindustryhasn’tbuiltthepipelinesandotherinfrastructuretogetthegastoconsumers.(這使許多業(yè)內(nèi)人士提出的論點(diǎn)變得復(fù)雜，他們普遍反對政府對甲烷的更嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管。他們說，鉆井商有incentive捕獲天然氣泄漏，以便出售化石燃料。但如果工業(yè)界沒有建造管道和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施將天然氣輸送給消費(fèi)者，這并不總是可能的)”可知，如果政府監(jiān)管不那么嚴(yán)格的話，鉆井商可以出售化石燃料來賣錢，所以他們是有動機(jī)來捕獲天然氣泄漏的。所以，incentive的意思應(yīng)該是“動機(jī)”，和選項C意思一致。故選C。10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theoilandgasindustrymaybeemittingaboutthree-timestheamountofclimate-warmingmethanethangovernmentestimatesshow,accordingtoanewstudyfromStanfordUniversity,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandotherorganizationsinNature.(根據(jù)斯坦福大學(xué)、勞倫斯伯克利國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室和《自然》雜志其他組織的一項新研究，石油和天然氣行業(yè)排放的甲烷量可能是政府估計的氣候變暖甲烷量的三倍)”和第二段“Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.(但石油和天然氣往往是一起開采出來的，如果沒有辦法將價值較低的天然氣運(yùn)輸?shù)娇梢猿鍪鄣牡胤?，泄漏就會更?”可知，文章主要講述的是石油和天然氣的開采帶來的甲烷泄露問題，所以“甲烷排放：石油和天然氣行業(yè)的隱性影響。”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““2024couldmarkaturningpointandpoliciesarestartingtobeputintoplace.Greatertransparencyiscoming.Awarenessisspreadingandwehaveenhancedabilitytotracklargeleaksandactquicklytoshutthemdown,”Gouldsaid.Gouldsaidhehopestohavegoodnewstoshare,aboutareductioninmethaneemissions,nextyear.(古爾德說：“2024年可能標(biāo)志著一個轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，政策開始實(shí)施。更大的透明度即將到來。人們的意識正在傳播，我們已經(jīng)增強(qiáng)了追蹤大規(guī)模泄漏并迅速采取行動關(guān)閉泄漏的能力?！?。古爾德說，他希望明年能分享減少甲烷排放的好消息)”可知，TimGould對甲烷排放問題是持樂觀態(tài)度的。故選D。Crossingpathswithawildboar(野豬)canposefearandjoyinequalmeasure.Despite700yearsofextinctioninBritain,thespecies’owntenacityandillegalreleasesfromthe1980shavenowledtoseveralpopulationsemerging.However,withimpactsonbothpeopleandthecountryside,theirrighttoexistinBritainisheavilydebated.However,theboar’shabitat-regeneratingactionsthatbenefitotherwildlife,eveniftheyareunlovedbymany.ThefewboarinEnglandarethreatenedagainbypoachingandculling.Whyismorenotbeingdonetopreventtheirre-extinction?Naturalist,writerandsciencecommunicatorChantalLyonsaddressesallthesecomplexissuesandexplainswhatitmighttakeforustocoexistwithwildboarinhernewbook,Groundbreakers:TheReturnofBritain’sWildBoar.Inthisextract,sheexplainsthehistoryofthewildboarinBritain.MostofthelastmillenniumwasnotkindtothewildboarofEurope.Buttheyenduredwhensomanyotherlargeanimalsdidnot,andtheirstarisascendantoncemore.Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.Ifnotintentional.There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.Morefarmssprungup,buyinginanimalsfromtheContinent,wheretheyhadneverbeenextinctandthefarmingofthemwasalreadylongestablished.Bytheearly1990stherewere40registeredbreedersintheUK.Despitethousandsofyearsoftrying,oneofthequalitiesthathasprovenmostchallengingtobreedoutofthefarmedpigisescapology.Life,asacertainfictionalmathematicianoncesaid,findsaway.Ourwoodlandshadbeenwaitingfornearly700years.Answeringwhatevercallwassoundingintheirbrains,wildboarbegantoescapefromthefarms.Or,insomecases,seemtohavebeenvariouslyhelpedoutbystormdamage,animalrightsactivists,hard-upownersandshooters.Eachfreedindividualwasaspark.Somethingnew,somethinghotandbrightwithpotential.Notallthosesparkstook.Butenoughdid.12．WhatwerethecircumstancesthatledtothereturnofwildboarstoBritain?A．Theroleofthefarmedpigsintheecosystem.B．Introductionalreintroductioneffortsbyenvironmentalists.C．Capitalisticinfluenceandthemarketdemandforboarmeat.D．StrictenforcementoftheDangerousWildAnimalsActof1976.13．Howdidvariousfactorscontributetothereleaseofboarsintothewoodlands?A．Escapologychallengeinfarmedpigsandtheimpactonthemarket.B．Animalrightsactivists’effortsinfacilitatingboarrelease.C．Theinfluenceofthefarmedpigsonthebehaviorofwildboars.D．Stormdamageanditsroleinreleasingboars.14．HowdidChantalLyonsexplainthehistoricalcontextofwildboarsinBritain?A．Thenegativeimpactofcapitalismonwildboarhabitats.B．Theroleofthefarmedpigsintheresurgenceofwildboars.C．Theneedforstricterenforcementofwildlifeprotectionlaws.D．Theinevitabilityofwildboarreintroductionthroughhumaninfluence.15．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefreedindividualsamongthewildboars?A．Theywereallsuccessfulinestablishingnewhabitats.B．Eachofthemcontributedtothedeclineofthewildboarpopulation.C．Thesparkssymbolizethechallengesfacedbythewildboarsinthewoodlands.D．Someofthemadaptedtotheirnewenvironment,causingtheresurgenceoftheboars.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了野豬在英國的現(xiàn)狀和歷史。雖然在英國已經(jīng)滅絕了700年，但由于非法釋放和棲息地重建行動，野豬種群再次出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)了人民和農(nóng)村的爭議。博物學(xué)家ChantalLyons在她的新書中解釋了與野豬共存的復(fù)雜問題。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.(它們的種群狀況被國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟（IUCN）評為“最不受關(guān)注”，該聯(lián)盟報告稱，該物種現(xiàn)在是所有陸地動物中地理分布最廣泛的物種之一，這在一定程度上要?dú)w功于人類。)”和第五段“Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.Ifnotintentional.There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.(因此，事后看來，野豬回歸英國是不可避免的。如果不是故意的。幾十年來，環(huán)保主義者一直在嘀咕著應(yīng)該重新引入該物種。市場已經(jīng)嘗到了它們的味道。)”可知，資本主義的影響和市場對野豬肉的需求導(dǎo)致野豬返回英國。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Despitethousandsofyearsoftrying,oneofthequalitiesthathasprovenmostchallengingtobreedoutofthefarmedpigisescapology.Life,asacertainfictionalmathematicianoncesaid,findsaway.Ourwoodlandshadbeenwaitingfornearly700years.Answeringwhatevercallwassoundingintheirbrains,wildboarbegantoescapefromthefarms.Or,insomecases,seemtohavebeenvariouslyhelpedoutbystormdamage,animalrightsactivists,hard-upownersandshooters.(盡管經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的嘗試，養(yǎng)殖豬最具挑戰(zhàn)性的品質(zhì)之一是逃脫術(shù)。正如某位虛構(gòu)的數(shù)學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過的那樣，生活會找到一條路。我們的林地已經(jīng)等了將近700年。無論它們腦子里響起什么樣的叫聲，野豬都開始逃離農(nóng)場。)”和第五段中“There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.(幾十年來，環(huán)保主義者一直在嘀咕著應(yīng)該重新引入該物種。市場已經(jīng)嘗到了它們的味道。)”可知，養(yǎng)殖豬的逃脫術(shù)導(dǎo)致的挑戰(zhàn)，及其對市場的影響導(dǎo)致野豬被釋放到林地。故選A。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.(它們的種群狀況被國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟（IUCN）評為“最不受關(guān)注”，該聯(lián)盟報告稱，該物種現(xiàn)在是所有陸地動物中地理分布最廣泛的物種之一，這在一定程度上要?dú)w功于人類。)”和第五段“Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.(因此，事后看來，野豬回歸英國是不可避免的。)”可知，由于人類的影響，野豬的重新引入是必然的。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Eachfreedindividualwasaspark.Somethingnew,somethinghotandbrightwithpotential.Notallthosesparkstook.Butenoughdid.(每一個自由的個體都是一個火花，一種新的東西，一種有潛力的熾熱和光明的東西。并不是所有的火花都擦出來了。但已經(jīng)夠了。)”可知，作者通過把渴望被釋放的野豬比作自由的火花，說明這些野豬中的一些被釋放出來，適應(yīng)了新環(huán)境，導(dǎo)致了這一種群的復(fù)興。故選D。HowtomanagesleepanxietyAsidefromthemainsymptomofnotbeingabletofallasleep,orconstantlywakingupthroughoutthenight,sleepanxietyhasverysimilarsymptomstogeneralanxietydisorders.16Sleepdeprivationcanhaveahugeimpactonyourhealthandwellbeing,andsleepanxietycanmakeitdifficult,evenimpossible,tohavegetagoodnight’ssleep.Studieshaveshownthatsingularstressfulevents,liketakinganexam,havelittleimpactonyourcortisollevelsandtheysoonreturntonormal.17Thissuggeststhatanightoftossingandturningthedaybeforeajobinterviewmightbeaoneoff,butfacingstresseveryday—likebeingstressedaboutlackofsleep—hasasignificantimpactonyoursleepcycle.Thefirststepistoidentifywhat’scausingyourlackofsleep.Isitstressatwork,orinyourrelationship?Isitpastinjury?Isitbaddreamsmakingyouwanttoputoffsleepingsotheydon’tkeeprecurring?Trytounderstandwhyyoufinditastruggletosleep.18Ifnightmaresandsleepparalysisarestoppingyoufromsleeping,youmightthinkthere’snothingyoucandotocalmyoursubconscious—buttherearethingsyoucantrythatcanmakeyourdreamsmorepositive.19Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithabetter“peaceofmind”havemorepositivedreams,whereassymptomsofanxietyrelatedtonegativedreams.Cognitivebehaviouraltherapy,CBT,teachesyoutochangethewayyouthinkinordertochangeyourbehaviour.Itcouldhelpyouunderstandhowsleepanxietyisaffectingyourbodyandbrain,avoidthingsthattriggeryouranxietyandmakesleepimpossible,andhelpchangethenegativewayyouviewsleep.Sometimes,lessismore,andperhapstryingtoohardtoforceyourselftosleepwitha20-stepbedtimeroutinecouldbeaddingtothepressureandanxietyyou’refeeling,andhavetheoppositeaffectthatyouwant.20Ifyouusuallytrytosleepinawarmroomwithahotwaterbottle,tryloweringthetemperature.Sleepinginacolderroompreventscortisollevelsrising,andhelpsyourbodyreleasemelatonininstead,whichhelpsyousleep—thisiswhyit’softensodifficulttosleepduringaheatwave.A．Thesecanbelistedasfollows.B．IfIt’snotworking,it’stimetotrysomethingnew.C．Takeacomfortablesleepingposition,ideallyonyourback.D．Thiscanhelpyoudealwiththeanxietysurroundingitandthenendthehatredcycle.E．However,chronicstressandanxietycanmaketheincreaseinthehormonelastalongtime.F．Trysomemindfultechniquesaspartofyourbedtimeroutineaswellasthroughouttheday.G．Theseincludeacontinualfeelingofunease,increasedheartrate,sweating,andtensedmuscles.【答案】16．G17．E18．D19．F20．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了緩解睡眠焦慮的四種方法。16．根據(jù)上文“Asidefromthemainsymptomofnotbeingabletofallasleep,orconstantlywakingupthroughoutthenight,sleepanxietyhasverysimilarsymptomstogeneralanxietydisorders.(除了無法入睡或整晚不斷醒來的主要癥狀外，睡眠焦慮與一般焦慮癥的癥狀非常相似)”可知，接下來需要介紹這些癥狀是什么樣的。選項G“這些癥狀包括持續(xù)的不安感、心率加快、出汗和肌肉緊張?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢拢项}意。故選G。17．根據(jù)下文“Thissuggeststhatanightoftossingandturningthedaybeforeajobinterviewmightbeaoneoff,butfacingstresseveryday—likebeingstressedaboutlackofsleep—hasasignificantimpactonyoursleepcycle.(這表明，在面試前一天晚上輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)可能是一種解脫，但每天面對壓力——比如睡眠不足帶來的壓力——會對你的睡眠周期產(chǎn)生重大影響)”可知，這里介紹長期處于高壓之下會對你的睡眠周期產(chǎn)生重大影響。選項E“然而，長期的壓力和焦慮會使荷爾蒙的增加持續(xù)很長時間?！币鱿挛?，符合題意。故選E。18．根據(jù)上文“Thefirststepistoidentifywhat’scausingyourlackofsleep.Isitstressatwork,orinyourrelationship?Isitpastinjury?Isitbaddreamsmakingyouwanttoputoffsleepingsotheydon’tkeeprecurring?Trytounderstandwhyyoufinditastruggletosleep.(第一步是找出導(dǎo)致你睡眠不足的原因。這是工作中的壓力，還是你們關(guān)系中的壓力？是過去的傷病嗎？是噩夢讓你想推遲睡覺，這樣它們就不會不斷出現(xiàn)嗎？試著去理解為什么你覺得難以入睡)”可知，這里建議要弄明白你覺得難以入睡的原因。選項D“這可以幫助你處理圍繞它的焦慮，然后結(jié)束仇恨循環(huán)?！背薪由衔?，說明這樣做的作用，符合題意。故選D。19．根據(jù)上文“Ifnightmaresandsleepparalysisarestoppingyoufromsleeping,youmightthinkthere’snothingyoucandotocalmyoursubconscious—buttherearethingsyoucantrythatcanmakeyourdreamsmorepositive.(如果噩夢和睡眠癱瘓讓你無法入睡，你可能會認(rèn)為你無法平靜你的潛意識——但你可以嘗試一些事情，讓你的夢想變得更加積極)”可知，這里建議嘗試一些事情，讓你的夢想變得更加積極。選項F“試著把一些有意識的技巧作為你就寢時間的一部分，也可以貫穿一天?！边M(jìn)一步介紹這種方法的益處，符合題意。故選F。20．根據(jù)下文“Ifyouusuallytrytosleepinawarmroomwithahotwaterbottle,tryloweringthetemperature.Sleepinginacolderroompreventscortisollevelsrising,andhelpsyourbodyreleasemelatonininstead,whichhelpsyousleep—thisiswhyit’softensodifficulttosleepduringaheatwave.(如果你通常試著睡在溫暖的房間里，拿著熱水瓶，試著降低溫度)”可知，這里建議如果一個方法不起作用，要嘗試新的方法。選項B“如果不起作用，是時候嘗試新的東西了?！币鱿挛?，符合題意。故選B。二、完形填空Recently,videoclipsofZhangJianna,asanitation(環(huán)衛(wèi))worker,directingforeignershavegoneviralonline.Her21Englishandconfident22intheclipshavedeeplyimpressedtheviewers,23curiosityabouthowanordinary-lookingsanitationworker24suchimpressiveEnglishskills.Behindthesensation25adecade-longjourneyofpersistence.In2012,ZhangJiannatookontheroleofasanitationworkerintheembassyareaofSanlituninBeijing’sChaoyangdistrict.Aspecial26whileworkinghasmotivatedZhangtolearnEnglishbyherself,apursuitshecontinueswithdeterminationtothisday.“Mygoalisquitesimple.Ijustwanttohelpwheneversomeoneisinneed,whetheraskingfordirections,inquiringaboutvisa27,ortellingthemabouttheembassyareaIamresponsiblefor,”saidZhang.Thus,attheageof40,Zhanghasembarkedonapersonal28.Withoutatutor,shebeganlearningEnglishfromherchildren’stextbooks,startingwithbasicwordsandphrasescommonlyusedforgiving29.Withnofixedstudyhours,sheutilizedevery30moment.Whileothersrested,shememorizedvocabularyandpracticedspeaking.Uponarrivinghomeafterwork,shewouldwritedownnewknowledgepointsand31themuntilshethoroughlyunderstoodthem.Overtheyears,shefilledoveradozennotebookswithhernotes.Her32posedherbiggestchallenge.“33iskeytolearningEnglish.Learnstepbystep,learneveryday,”Zhangsaid.Whenaskedaboutthegreatest34oflearningEnglish,Zhangemphasizesself-confidence.“Growingupinaruralareawithoutacollegeeducation,Isometimesfearedbeinglookeddownupon.ButeverytimeIhelpa35inEnglish,Ifeelincrediblyaccomplished.”21．A．self-taught B．fluent C．a(chǎn)cceptable D．broken22．A．portrayal B．figure C．feature D．a(chǎn)ccent23．A．fueling B．a(chǎn)rising C．enriched D．fulfilled24．A．a(chǎn)pplied B．defeated C．recognized D．a(chǎn)cquired25．A．set B．lies C．finds D．posed26．A．treat B．experiment C．encounter D．substance27．A．cards B．procedures C．a(chǎn)daptation D．exchange28．A．track B．schedule C．journey D．challenge29．A．directions B．permission C．performance D．interpretation30．A．dieting B．exercising C．spare D．overwork31．A．distinguish B．calculate C．consult D．review32．A．memory B．strategies C．health D．loneliness33．A．Ambition B．Perseverance C．Recitation D．Encouragement34．A．st