考點(diǎn)十九生態(tài)環(huán)保類A限時(shí)10分鐘Knownas“wolfgirl”atherWestWarwick,R．I.school,AlyssaGraysonhasspentmuchofheryounglifeteachingotherstoprotectandrespectanimals.Afterstartingawolfclubinthesecondgrade,Alyssalearnedallshecouldaboutherfavoriteanimals.Today,shegivespresentationsaboutprotectingwolvesatlibrariesandschools—she'sevenspokenatauniversity.Infact,she'sbecomesuchawolfexpertthatshewasappointedasthefirstjunioradvisortotheNationalWolfwatcherCoalition.Whenshe'snotteachingothersaboutwolves,Alyssacanbefoundvolunteeringatherlocalanimalshelter,takingcareofdogsandcats.She'salsotrainedasacitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA.Inshort,AlyssaGraysonprovesthatyouarenevertooyoungtomakeadifferenceforanimals.Whenaskedhowshegotinterestedinsavingwolves,Alyssasays,“I'velovedwolvessinceIsawtheminamoviewhenIwas2or3yearsold.ThenonedayIsawacommercialaboutwolfhunting.Iaskedmymotherwhypeopledothis,andshetoldmebecausepeopledon'tlikewolves.IdecidedfromthenonthatIwantedtosavewolves.”Today,wolvesarehunted,trapped,orpoisoned.Hunterschasewolvesformilesinanairplaneuntilthewolvesaretooexhaustedtorunanymore.Thentheyshootthem.Theanimaldoesn'thaveachancetoescape.Animalsarealsotrappedfortheirfur.Theyarelefttosufferinatrapwithnofood,water,orshelter.Alyssathinksthefurlooksbetterontheanimalinthewild,whereit'smeanttobe,thanonahuman.Alyssabelieveswolvesareimportanttoourworlds.Shesays,“Wolvesareanapexpredator,whichmeanstheyareatthetopofthefoodchain.Removingthemfromtheecosystemisabigmistake.Theecosystemislikeachainofdominoes(多米諾骨牌)—withtheapexpredatorastheoneinfront.Ifyouweretoknockdownthatdomino,therestofthechainwouldgodowntoo.”Peopleusuallythinkof“theBigBadWolf”whentheyhearaboutwolves.However,Alyssasays,“Iftheywouldbasetheirthoughtsonfacts,notfairytales,wewouldn'thavepeoplewantingtokillwolves.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了阿莉莎在二年級(jí)發(fā)起一個(gè)狼俱樂(lè)部之后，開(kāi)始知道她最喜歡的動(dòng)物是狼。她呼吁人們客觀地對(duì)待并保護(hù)這種動(dòng)物，不要因?yàn)橥捁适露鴮?duì)它存在偏見(jiàn)。1．Alyssaisknownas“wolfgirl”atherschoolbecause________.A．shekeepswolvesaspetsB．shewasraisedbywolvesC．shedoesalottoprotectwolvesD．shestartedawolfclubatherschool答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首句中的“hasspent...toprotectandrespectanimals”以及下文所述她喜歡狼并呼吁大家保護(hù)狼這一物種可知，阿莉莎在學(xué)校中被稱為“狼女”，是因?yàn)樗ㄙM(fèi)時(shí)間做了很多事情保護(hù)狼。故選C。2．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Alyssa________.A．gainedknowledgeaboutwolvesatlibrariesB．caresaboutotheranimalsbesideswolvesC．startedtogivepresentationssincethesecondgradeD．isthefirstjuniorcitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段描述可知，她除了關(guān)心狼之外，還照顧其他的動(dòng)物，如貓和狗。故選B。3．Paragraph4ismainlyabout________.A．whywolvesarekilledB．whywolvesaretrappedC．thetoolsusedtohuntwolvesD．howwolvesaretreated答案：D段落大意題。文章第四段主要講述了狼被獵殺、被圍困或被毒亡的事實(shí)。人們?yōu)榱怂鼈兊钠っ粩嗟厝カC殺它們，不給它們逃生的機(jī)會(huì)，所以該段講述了狼是被如何對(duì)待的。故選D。4．FromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatAlyssa________.A．doesn'tneedfairytalesB．doesn'tbelieveinfairytalesC．encouragespeopletofindoutthefactsaboutwolvesD．believesthatmorepeoplewillworktosavewolves答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，當(dāng)人們提到狼的時(shí)候往往說(shuō)“大壞狼”。如果人們把想法建立在事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，而不是童話上，我們?nèi)祟惥蜎](méi)有人想要?dú)⑺浪鼈兞恕Ｒ虼丝赏浦?，阿莉莎鼓?lì)人們客觀地對(duì)待狼，看到狼真實(shí)的一面。故選C。B限時(shí)10分鐘DrivethroughanysuburbintheUStoday,andit'shardtomisstherecyclingbinsthathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica'strashcans.Recyclinghasbecomecommon,aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment.Yetmostpeople'srecyclingconsciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper,bottles,andcans.Peopleseldomfindthemselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofe-waste.E-wasterapidlyincreasesasthetechno-fashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemostadvanceddevices,andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills(垃圾填埋地).Somepeoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs,VCRs,computers,cellphones,andotherelectronicseveryyear.Unlesswecanfindasafereplacement,thise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins(毒素),suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic.Burningthewastealsodangerouslycontaminatestheair.However,e-wasteoftencontainsreusablesilver,gold,andotherelectricalmaterials.Recyclingthesematerialsreducesenvironmentalproblemsbyreducingbothlandfillwasteandtheneedtolookforsuchmetals,whichcandestroyecosystems.Agrowingnumberofstateshaveadoptedlawstobandumpinge-waste.Still,lessthanaquarterofthiswastewillreachlawfulrecyclingprograms.Somecompaniesadvertisingsafedisposalinfactmerelyshipthewastetosomedevelopingcountries,whereitstillendsupinlandfills.Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafelydisposingofwasteinanout-of-sight,out-of-mindlocation.However,thesmallbutgrowingnumberofcitiesandcorporationsthatdohandlee-wasteresponsiblyrepresentsprogresstowardmakingtheworldacleaner,betterplaceforusall.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。隨著技術(shù)的不斷更新，人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注垃圾的回收再利用，回收普通垃圾已經(jīng)成為世人的習(xí)慣。然而，合理回收電子廢棄物是環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的重要任務(wù)和課題。5．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．ManyAmericansnowhaveaccesstorecyclingbins.B．E-wastecannotbeputintotrashcansintheUS.C．MostAmericanshaverealizedthedangersofe-waste.D．MostofAmerica'strashcansaremadeofrecycledmaterial.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，在美國(guó)，廢棄物的回收利用變得很普遍，因?yàn)槿藗円呀?jīng)意識(shí)到需要關(guān)注環(huán)境。所以，A項(xiàng)(很多美國(guó)人可以利用回收箱)符合題意，故選A。6．Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“contaminates”inParagraph2?A．Pollutes. B．Heats.C．Absorbs. D．Reduces.答案：A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins(毒素),suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic”可知，這些電子污染會(huì)進(jìn)入土地，污染到水源，那么燃燒污染物可能會(huì)污染空氣。由此可推斷出contaminates的意思與pollutes相近，即“毒害，污染”，故選A。7．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutburyinge-wasteinlandfills?A．It'simportant. B．It'sunsafe.C．It'sacceptable. D．It'suncommon.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的“thise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewater”和第四段尾句中的“Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafely...”可知，只是把電子垃圾放在看不見(jiàn)的垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，但仍舊不安全，因?yàn)樗€在那里，分析選項(xiàng)可知B正確。8．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Totellushowtorecyclee-waste.B．Totalkaboutthefutureofe-waste.C．Todiscussifit'snecessarytorecyclee-waste.D．Toencourageustodealwithe-wasteproperly.答案：D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，人們對(duì)垃圾的回收普遍關(guān)注，回收普通垃圾已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣。但隨著科技的發(fā)展，合理回收電子垃圾成為現(xiàn)代廢棄物回收的重點(diǎn)。故本文的目的是鼓勵(lì)我們合理處理電子垃圾，故選D。C限時(shí)8分鐘About5,000childrendieeachdaybecauseofpreventablediseasessuchascholeraanddysentery(痢疾),whichspreadwhenpeopleuseuncleanwaterfordrinkingorcooking.Alackofwaterforpersonalhealthleadstothespreadoftotallypreventablediseasesliketrachoma,whichhasblindedsomesixmillionpeople.Watertroublesalsotrapmanylow-incomefamiliesinacycleofpovertyandpooreducationandthepoorestsuffermostfromlackofaccesstowater.Peoplewhospendmuchoftheirtimeonillhealth,caringforsickchildren,orcollectingwateratadistanceaveraging3.75milesadaydon'thaveeducationalandeconomicchancestobettertheirlives.Agricultureiscalledthelion'sshareofcleanwaterworldwide,usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent.Waterareashavenopoliticalbordersandnationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosharecommonresources,sowatercanbeafrequentsourceofinternationalproblemsaswell.Day-by-daydemandkeepsgrowing,furtherdrainingwatersources,fromgreatriverstogroundwater.“We'regoingdeeperintodebtonourgroundwateruse，”Postelsaid,“andthathasgreateffectsonglobalwatersafety.Therateofgroundwaterusehasdoubledsince1960.”SomeofEarth'sgroundwaterisfossilwatercreatedwhenEarth'sclimatewasfardifferent.Todaysuchwaterisaslimitedaspetrol.“Butwe'repumpingmuchofthemoutfasterthanever，”Postelexplained.“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems.Andthatalsocreatesacosttous,tooursonsandtoourgrandsons,notjusttonature.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。水是生命之源，與人類的健康、農(nóng)業(yè)等息息相關(guān)，然而在很多地區(qū)，水資源短缺已成了一個(gè)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。9．Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A．Watershortagehasbeenamostseriouschallenge.B．Somanychildrendieofpollutedwatereveryday.C．Diseasesshouldbeproperlycontrolledandtreated.D．Wastingwaterleadstotheunrestoftheworld.答案：A主旨大意題。本文講述了目前在全世界范圍內(nèi)，水資源短缺給人們的健康、生活、經(jīng)濟(jì)等帶來(lái)的不利影響，水資源短缺是人類面臨的一個(gè)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。10．Whyisagriculturecalledthelion'sshareofcleanwater?A．Becauseagricultureismuchstrongerthanindustry.B．Becausemorepeopleliveontheagriculturalproduce.C．Becauseagricultureusesabouttwo-thirdsofcleanwater.D．Becausenationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosavewater.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中第三段第一句中的“usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent”可知，世界上約70%的清潔水被農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)耗用，農(nóng)業(yè)是消耗清潔水最多的產(chǎn)業(yè)。11．AccordingtowhatPostelsaidwecanknow________.A．groundwaterisrichforustouseB．thereisnoneedtodigdeepforgroundwaterC．weareusingournextgenerations'waterD．weshoulduseriverwaterinsteadofgroundwater答案：C推理判斷題。依據(jù)最后兩段中Postel的話，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，我們正在消耗我們子孫的水資源。12．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Weshouldn'tusewaterfromrivers.B．Weshouldprotectourecosystems.C．Watershouldbedistributedequally.D．Lawsshouldbepassedforgroundwater.答案：B推理判斷題。文章在講述水資源的重要性，且用具體例子和數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行證明；再結(jié)合尾段倒數(shù)第二句“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems.”可推知，我們要保護(hù)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。D限時(shí)8分鐘Collegestudentsmayfindagreenercampuswhentheyreturntoclassesthisfall.Someschoolsarerepairingolderbuildingsandconstructingnewonesthatarebetterfortheenvironment.Otherstepsincludeaddingwindandsolarenergysystemsandplantingvegetablegardens.GeorgeWashingtonUniversity(GW)isaprivateschoolwith200,000students.Theuniversityhastwogardenswherestudentsvolunteertheirtime.OverthelasttenyearsGWhasdevelopedprojectsinthreemainareas—climate,waterandeco-systems.Theyhavebeguntocreateprojectsonthegroundtoaddressclimatechange.Theyareplanningonbecomingcarbon-neutral(平衡的)and,infact,reducingthe_footprintbyfortypercentby2025,fromcreatingsolarhot-watersystemsonourrooftopstomakingourbuildingsmuchmoreenergyefficient.Theschoolalsooffers140differentclassesinsustainability(可持續(xù)性發(fā)展)andtheenvironment.MarkOrlouskisaid,“Weseenumberslikelessthan20%ofschoolhavingagreenbuildingpolicyfiveyearsagoandnowupwardsof80%ofschoolshavingapolicy,whichstatesthattheirnewbuildingswillbebuiltinagreenfashion.”GWislocatedintheFoggyBottomneighborhoodofWashington.SomeneighborssaythatwhileGWislayingtobefriendliertotheenvironment,itcouldalsobeabetterfriendtotheneighborhood.Theschoolhasexpandedquicklyandtherehavebeentensionsbetweenstudentsandlocalresidents.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了喬治華盛頓大學(xué)的綠色校園系列環(huán)保政策及計(jì)劃。13．Thegreenercampusprojectaimsmajorlyat________.A．welcomingstudentsinthenewtermB．repairingandconstructingbuildingsC．a(chǎn)ddingwindandsolarenergysystemsD．makingschoolsenvironmentallyfriendly答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“betterfortheenvironment”可知，綠色校園計(jì)劃是為了使校園更環(huán)保。A項(xiàng)文中未提及，B、C兩項(xiàng)是具體做法。故選D。14．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thefootprint”inParagraph3referto?A．Theclimatechange.B．Thequantityofwater.C．Theproductionofcarbon.D．Themainareasoftheproject.答案：C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Theyareplanningonbecomingcarbon-neutral(平衡的)and,infact,reducing”可知此處表示降低碳排放量，thefootprint指的是碳排放量。故選C。15．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?A．Greeneffortshavealreadybroughtinbenefits.B．Highschoolstudentspreferchoosingagreenercollege.C．Greenbuildingpoliciesattractmorehighschoolstudents.D．Collegesaremakingeffortstomeettheneedsofstudents.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句“Theschoolhasexpandedquicklyandtherehavebeentensionsbetweenstudentsandlocalresidents.”可知，綠色校園政策讓學(xué)校發(fā)展得很快，從而可以推斷出，綠色校園環(huán)保政策吸引更多的高中生。故選C。16．WhichoneoftheproblemsisGWnowfacing?A．Ithasn'tbeensofriendlytoitsneighbors.B．Therehavebeennogreenbuildingpolicies.C．Rainwatercollectingcoststoomuchmoney.D．Thestudentsaremakingtoomanyefforts.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句“Theschoolhasexpandedquicklyandtherehavebeentensionsbetweenstudentsandlocalresidents.”可知，學(xué)校迅速發(fā)展造成了學(xué)生與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦年P(guān)系緊張，從而可以推斷出，學(xué)校的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致學(xué)校與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耜P(guān)系不太友好。故選A。A限時(shí)10分鐘(2018·浙江高考)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺(tái)).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,_plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(質(zhì)疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了人們?cè)撚盟芰洗€是環(huán)保袋或者兩者都不使用，并分析了其原因。1．WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A．Helpincreasegrocerysales.B．Recyclethewastematerial.C．Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D．Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句并結(jié)合第二段最后一句中的“plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇傭Stein這樣的科學(xué)家來(lái)為塑料購(gòu)物袋的使用進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。故選D。2．Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inParagraph2referto?A．Bansonplasticbags.B．Effectsofcitydevelopment.C．Headachescausedbygarbage.D．Plasticbagshungintrees.答案：A詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞是承接其上一句的內(nèi)容描述，指在包括洛杉磯在內(nèi)的加利福尼亞州的90個(gè)城市，塑料袋是禁止使用的。再結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞后的“tomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume”可推斷出，此處headwinds指的是“bansonplasticbags”，即對(duì)塑料袋的禁令。故選A。3．Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A．Theyarequiteexpensive.B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句可知，環(huán)保袋的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)它們需要更多能源。故選D。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic,PaperorNeitherB．Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC．RecycleorThrowAwayD．GarbageCollectionandWasteControl答案：A標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一、二段介紹了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介紹了環(huán)保袋的使用及其缺點(diǎn)；再結(jié)合最后一段第二句可知，環(huán)境學(xué)家甚至希望某天也可以禁用紙袋。因此A項(xiàng)(到底是選擇塑料袋，紙袋還是兩者都不使用)準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主題，適合作標(biāo)題。故選A。B限時(shí)8分鐘(2019·浙江高考)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告。調(diào)查表明，加利福尼亞州的大樹(shù)變少了，而氣候變化是其中的一個(gè)主要因素。5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案：A主旨大意題。第二段中通過(guò)列舉一系列數(shù)字表明，加利福尼亞州的大樹(shù)減少的嚴(yán)重性，故A項(xiàng)正確。6．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案：D推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句可知，控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亞州的森林里滿是跟大樹(shù)爭(zhēng)奪資源的小樹(shù)，初衷是為了控制野火，這是好的，實(shí)則對(duì)大樹(shù)不利，故D項(xiàng)正確。7．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“...thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures...”可知，水資源不足的主要原因就是氣溫升高，即更加溫暖的氣候，故C項(xiàng)正確。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre：GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案：A標(biāo)題判斷題。本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告，第一段就點(diǎn)出主題：Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s。后面具體分析了加利福尼亞州大樹(shù)的現(xiàn)狀、造成大樹(shù)減少的原因等，故A項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。C限時(shí)7分鐘(2020·甘肅省會(huì)寧一中高三第一次月考)Petrolanddiesel(柴油)carsmaystilldominateourroads,buttheirdaysarenumbered.Arecentuniversitystudyfoundthatcurrentelectriccarscouldbeusedfor87percentofdailycarjourneysintheUS.Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen“rangeanxiety”—drivers'concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney.Whilepetrolstationsareconvenientlylocatedacrossnationalroadsystems,thenecessarynetworkofelectricchargingstationsisstillbeingdeveloped.Thatsaid,chargingpointsarebecomingincreasinglycommonthroughouttheUSA.Attitudestowardselectricvehicleshavechangedquiteconsiderablyoverthelastfewyears.Notthatlongago,electriccarsweremetwithdistrust,andtheirlargepricetags(標(biāo)簽)drovecustomersaway.Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity,rechargingtimes,performanceandprice,thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.Plug-incarswillsoongiveinternalcombustion(燃料)enginemodelsarunfortheirmoney.Aswellasadvancementsontheroad,electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies.Electricboatsareamongtheoldestmethodsofelectrictravel,havingenjoyedseveraldecadesofpopularityfromthelate19thtotheearly20thcenturybeforepetrol-poweredoutboardmotorstookover.Now,theglobaldriveforrenewableenergysourcesisbringingelectricboatsback.Stepstowardselectricairtravelarealsobeingmade,withAirbusandNASAamongtheorganizationsdevelopingandtestingbatterypoweredplanes.Theexperimentscouldsoonmakecommercialelectricflightareality.Electricvehiclesdonotproduceanyemissions.WeretheUStoactonthestudy'sfindingsandreplace87percentofitscarswithelectricvehicles,itwouldreducethenationaldemandforpetrolby61percent.However,becauseoftheproductionprocessesandthegenerationofelectricityrequiredtochargethesevehicles,theycannotclaimtobecompletelyemission-free.Evenso,asmanycountriescontinuetoincreasetheiruseofrenewableenergysources,electricvehicleswillbecomeevencleaner.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了汽油和柴油汽車很快會(huì)被電動(dòng)車輛所替代以及電動(dòng)交通工具在未來(lái)的發(fā)展。9．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．MyDreamCar B．HistoryofElectricCarsC．ProblemswithPetrolCars D．DrivingintotheFuture答案：D標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，汽油和柴油汽車可能仍然主宰著我們的道路，但很快會(huì)被電動(dòng)車輛所替代。文章同時(shí)介紹了電動(dòng)交通工具在未來(lái)的發(fā)展。所以這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是“駛向未來(lái)”。故選D項(xiàng)。10．AsusedinParagraph2,theunderlinedword“hurdle”means“________”．A．a(chǎn)im B．barrierC．consequence D．step答案：B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句“Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen‘rangeanxiety’—drivers'concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney.”可知，電動(dòng)汽車被廣泛采用的一個(gè)障礙是“里程焦慮”——司機(jī)擔(dān)心在旅途中車會(huì)沒(méi)電。所以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可以判斷出“hurdle”是指barrier“障礙”。故選B項(xiàng)。11．Inthepast,whydidmanypeoplerefusetobuytheelectriccars?A．Theywereexpensive.B．Theywereverypoorlymade.C．Theywerenotwidelypromoted.D．Theycouldn'ttravelatahighspeed.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Notthatlongago,electriccarsweremetwithdistrust,andtheirlargepricetagsdrovecustomersaway.”可知，不久前，電動(dòng)汽車遭到了不信任，巨額標(biāo)價(jià)把顧客嚇跑了，也就是說(shuō)人們認(rèn)為電動(dòng)車太貴了不值得買。故選A項(xiàng)。12．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?A．Tointroducethehistoryofelectrictravel.B．Toexplainwhytheworldneedsmoreelectriccars.C．Toshowwhymorepeoplehaveinterestinelectriccars.D．Todescribedifferentwayselectricvehiclescanbeused.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Aswellasadvancementsontheroad,electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies.”可知，除了公路上(汽車)的進(jìn)步，電動(dòng)交通工具正朝著海洋和天空方向發(fā)展。第四段的作用是描述電動(dòng)汽車的不同用途。故選D項(xiàng)。D限時(shí)12分鐘(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了新舊電子設(shè)備的差別，舊電子設(shè)備耗能高，不環(huán)保，所以作者主張使用新電子設(shè)備。13．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，使用舊的電子設(shè)備對(duì)環(huán)境和我們的錢包都是壞消息。這些過(guò)時(shí)的設(shè)備做相同的事情要消耗比新設(shè)備更多的能源。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為新電子設(shè)備環(huán)保、節(jié)能。故選A。14．WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A．Toreducethecostofminerals.B．Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C．Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D．Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,...”可知，Babbitt的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究的目的是為了弄清楚新舊電子設(shè)備的耗能量。故選D。15．Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A．Thebox-setTV. B．Thetablet.C．TheLCDTV. D．Thedesktopcomputer.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和最后一段最后一句可知，平板電腦是耗能最少的電子設(shè)備，可以降低44%的耗能。故選B。16．Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A．Stopusingthem. B．Takethemapart.C．Upgradethem. D．Recyclethem.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)榕f的電子設(shè)備耗能高，不環(huán)保，所以作者建議停止使用舊的電子設(shè)備。故選A。E限時(shí)12分鐘(2020·陜西省部分學(xué)校第一學(xué)期摸底檢測(cè))Abiologistoncecriticizedforstealingeggsfromthenestsoftherarestbirdintheworldhasbeenawardedthe“NobelPrize\”ofconservationafterhismethodssavedninespeciesfromextinction.ProfessorCarlJoneswonthe2016IndianapolisPrize—thehighestaccoladeinthefieldofanimalconservation—forhis40yearsof