非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)：不作謂語(yǔ)

Hetoldusthatweshouldgotoschool.Hetoldustogotoschool. Thisisthestorythatistoldbyher.Thisisthestorytoldbyher. WhenIwasyoung,Ialsolikedgames.

Beingyoung,Ialsolikedgames. Hecamehomeandcried(并列句）. Hecamehome,crying.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞v-ing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過(guò)去分詞p.p動(dòng)詞不定式todo主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞不定式分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)分被動(dòng)完成用過(guò)分目的將來(lái)不定式用途性質(zhì)用動(dòng)名動(dòng)詞不定式1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itisgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.（作主語(yǔ)）(作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語(yǔ)）常用it作形式主語(yǔ)5.Hehasnotimetoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.I’mcomingtoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.（作原因狀語(yǔ)）（作定語(yǔ)）（作目的狀語(yǔ)）（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（作條件狀語(yǔ)）句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的

）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的

）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.(1)作主語(yǔ)

Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+謂語(yǔ)+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhourtogettherebybus.It’sourdutytohelpthepoor.1.常見動(dòng)詞有：

want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose，refuse,pretend,plan,afford,prepare,manage,fail,promise…(2)作賓語(yǔ)

(1)Theywanted___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?(2)Hesaidhewished_____(be)aprofessor.(3)Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.(4)Hehadpromised_____(give)meahand.togettobetogotogivewantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorder

warnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作賓補(bǔ)

不定式做賓補(bǔ)省略to的情況“吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽：hear、listento1感覺(jué)：feelseewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+do注：以上詞語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要還原“to”1.Ihearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheard

tosingthesong.2.Thoughheoftenmakeshisdesk-matecry,todayhewasmade

tocrybyhisdesk-mate.5.

不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用來(lái)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容

Ihavenochancetogothere.精品PPT被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)

Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)且和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，須加介詞

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.

A.tolivein

B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?

A.tocutthefruitwith

B.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruit

D.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper_____（寫上）

4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen

（寫）towriteontowritewith不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)

(原因)(結(jié)果)

(條件)精品PPT不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.有1個(gè)介詞值得一提but，

用在cannotbut,nothingbut中1.Ihavenothingtodobutwaithere.2.Icandonothingbutwaithere.3.Ihavenochoicebuttowaithere.but前

有do無(wú)to,無(wú)do有to1.Sinceyouarealittletired,youhadbetter_____rest.(2014)A.tostoptohaveB.stoptohaveC.tostophavingD.stophaving2.Johnfound_____difficulttopasstheentranceexamination.(2012)A.itB.thisC.thatD.what3.Weshoulddoasmuchaswecan_____ourcountrybetterandmorebeautiful.(2012)A.makeB.tomakeC.makesD.making4.Able-bodiedpeoplejustdon’trealizehowdifficultitis_____ajob.(2011)A.ofdisabledpeoplegettingB.ofdisabledpeopletogetC.fordisabledpeoplegettingD.fordisabledpeopletoget5.Ittakescourageforone_____thehugetask,tosaynothingoffulfillingitinsuchashorttime.(2010)A.tobefaceduptoB.facinguptoC.facesuptoD.tofaceupto6._____asolutiontotheproblemofwatershortage,wehavetoputalloureffortstogether.（2007）A.ToworkoutB.WorkingoutC.WorkoutD.Beingworked7.Ithinkyouaresupposed_____yourassignmentlastnight.（2007）A.tobefinishingB.tohavefinishedC.tofinishD.tohavebeenfinished8.IfeltsoembarrassedthatIcouldn’tdoanythingbut____therewhenIfirstmetmypresentboss.(2013)A.tositB.sittingC.atD.sit9.Thesalesmanagerhadhissecretary_____apressconferencefortheirnewproducts.(2013)A.arrangeB.toarrangeC.havearrangedD.arranged10.It’smygreathonor_____togiveaspeechattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestival.(2015)A.toinviteB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited11.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_____themoviestarstheywantedtointerviewhadleft.(2016)A.tofindB.tobefoundC.tofindingD.found12.Thequestion_____atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportantforournextfive-yearplan.(2016)A.todiscussB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.willbediscussed13.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.(2017)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake14.Weregret_____youthatyourapplicationhasnotbeenaccepted.(2018)A.tohaveinformedB.toinformC.havinginformedD.informing15.AlthoughPeterwasinahurry,hestopped_____anoldladywithaheavybox.(2019)A.helpingB.beinghelpedC.tohelpD.helped16.Thecaptainissupposedtobethelastman_____asinkingship.(2019)A.leftB.leavesC.tobeleavingD.toleave17.Therewasnothingwecoulddo_____waitatthatmoment.(2012)A.butB.ratherthanC.inspiteofD.besides18.______isquitedifficultforMarytogetthejobsincetherearesomanycompetitors.A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.It1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主語(yǔ)）（作賓語(yǔ)）（作表語(yǔ)）（作定語(yǔ)）動(dòng)名詞

在一些句子中，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放到句末。如：

Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.nousenogoodIt`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous

①Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.②Itisnogoodobjecting.③Itisnousecrying.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopying

other`s

homework.enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作賓語(yǔ)①adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③①Shesattherewithoutspeaking.②Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.③Areyouusedtolivingtherealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelplaughing.⑤Idon`tfeellikeseeingthefilm.⑥Hewasbusypreparinghislessons.needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doing4動(dòng)詞+doing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)①Theroomwantscleaning.②Themethodneedsimproving.③Thispairofshoesrequiremending.④Theproblemneedsworkingout.⑤Thequestioniswellworthdiscussing.動(dòng)詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)作”。意義并無(wú)很大區(qū)別。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?

你今晚上想吃什么？動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的形式a)名詞所有格/物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞，如：IinsistonMary’sgoingthere.我堅(jiān)持要瑪麗到那兒去。Ihadnotheardofyourbeingill.我沒(méi)聽說(shuō)你病了。

帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞叫做“動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”b)名詞/人稱代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞(口語(yǔ)），如：Infact,Ithinkit’sverymuchnicerwithouthim,ifyoudon’tmindmesayingso.forgetdoing(已做)forgettodo(未做)goondoing(同一件事)goontodo(另一件事)meandoing(意味著)meantodo（打算做）regretdoing（做過(guò)）regrettodo（將做）rememberdoing（做過(guò)）remembertodo（去

做）trydoing（試著做）trytodo（努力去做）stopdoing（停止做）stoptodo（停下來(lái)去做）

一些特殊的動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面賓語(yǔ)既可是動(dòng)名詞，也可會(huì)不定式，表達(dá)的意義差別很大。Trytodo練一練1Heforgot_____________(take)anumbrellawithhim,sohegotwetallover.2Hehasforgot__________(stay)withmeforhalfamonth,whichhasmademeupset.to

takestaying3Iregret__________(spend)somuchmoneyonarranginghisstay.4Theteachersaid,“Iregret__________(tell)youthatyouhavefailedagain.spendingto

tellTrytodo練一練5Remember___________(lock)thedoorbeforeyouleave.6Istillrememberher__________(throw)herarmsaroundmesaying“Youcanmakeit!”to

lockthrowing7Thedoctoraskedmetotry__________(take)aholidayandseeifitworked.8Theteacheraskedustotry__________(make)ourdreamcometrue.listeningto

makeTrytodo練一練9Iamsorry,Ididn’tmean_______(hurt)you.10Losinganopportunitymeans_____________(refuse)accesstosuccess.to

hurtrefusing11Wewenton____________(practice)untiltheteacheraskedustostop.12Theywenton_________(do)Exercise2aftertheyhaddoneExercise1.practicingto

do1.Iamlookingforwardto_____fromyouassoonaspossible.(2014)A.hearB.behearingC.hearingD.haveheard2.Allmyfriendssaidthatthefilmwasworth_____.(2013)A.seeB.toseeC.tobeseeingD.seeing3.Williamsuggested_____apartyforElizabethwhowasgoingtoretiresoon.(2013)A.heldB.toholdC.holdingD.holds4.Heclearlyremembers_____bythewindowwatchingpeopleoutsiderushingtotheiroffice.(2011)A.havingstoodB.standingC.tostandD.tobestanding5.Thewholeclasscouldn’thelp_____whentheysawthehaircutoftheirnewclassmate.(2011)A.tolaughB.laughingC.laughedD.tobelaughing6.Johnworkedlateintothenight,_____aspeechfortomorrow’smeeting.（2008）A.preparingB.toprepareC.waspreparingD.prepared7.Asthepriceofoilkeeps_____,peoplehavetopaymuchmorefordriving.(2015)A.togoupB.goingupC.goneupC.goup8.Before_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.（2015）A.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.toapply9.Isuggested_____atthehotelbutmywifewaseager_____.（2015）A.staying;togoshoppingB.tostay;togoshoppingC.tostay;goingshoppingD.staying;goingshopping10.Thegeneralmanagersatthere,_____tothereportfromeachdepartment.(2015)A.tolistenB.beinglistenedC.listenD.listening11.“WhatdoyouthinkofthebookrecommendedbyProfessorSmith?”“Excellent!It’sworth_____asecondtime.”(2016)A.toredB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread12.Mostpeopleenjoy_____letters,butfewseemtobeinterestedinwritingthem.(2017)A.readB.tohavereadC.readingD.toread13.Itisnoteasyforfreshmentogetusedto_____adormroomwithothers.(2017)A.shareB.sharingC.sharedD.shares14.YourmotherandIarelookingforward_____youatthegraduationceremony.(2018)A.ofseeingB.forseeingC.toseeingD.tosee

15.Itisnouse_____toGeorgeasheisaverystubbornperson.(2018)A.talkB.talkingC.totalkD.tobetalking16.Theyareconsidering_____asthepricesmaygoup.(2018)A.ofbuyingahouseB.withbuyingahouseC.buyingahouseD.tobuyahouse17.Thehouseneeds______immediately,butithastowaituntilnextsummer.(2018)A.paintB.topaintC.paintingD.topainted18.Weappreciate_____withCarl;hehasagoodsenseofhumor.(2018)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.haveworked19.Peterthoughtitwasworth_____ahundredmilestowatchthebasketballgame.(2019)A.droveB.drivingC.driveD.driven20.Billyfindsitratherdifficulttogetaccustomedto_____beforealargeaudience.(2019)A.speakingB.bespeakingC.speakD.spoke21.Britishpeopleoftenavoid______tostrangersuntiltheyhavebeenintroduced.(2019)A.talkingB.totalkC.talkD.talks22.Whilehefeltlike_____inthediscussion,Jackwastooshytoopenhismouth.(2019)A.tojoinB.joinC.joiningD.tojoining23.Myyoungersistercouldn’thelp_____whenshefoundherdollmissing.(2019)A.buttocryB.butcryingC.tocryD.crying24.Wevisitedthesmallvillage_____southofthelake.(2020)A.layB.lyingC.tolieD.lies25.JohnborrowedmyFrenchdictionaryyesterday,_____thathewouldreturnitsoon.(2020)A.promisedB.promiseC.topromiseD.promising1.—Whatdidyouseejustnow?—Isawtwo_____doctors_____outofthehouse.A.women,come

B.woman,cameC.woman,coming

D.women,tocome2.—_____goodnewsitis!Thepandasarealiveaftertheearthquake.

—It’sso_____.A.Whata,excited

B.What,excitingC.Howa,excited

D.How,exciting3.—Wouldyouliketoplaytabletenniswithme?—Idon’tfeellikeit.Iwould

rather_____athomeandwatchTV.A.stay

B.tostay

C.staying

D.stayed4.Shewassurprised_____melastnight.A.tosee

B.see

C.sawD.seeing5.

—What'sthematter?

—Iamhavingthetrouble_____whohastakenmybook.A.finding

B.lookingforC.findingout

D.lookingup6.

—What______newsitwas!—Yes,allofthechildrenwere_____.A.excited,excitingB.exciting,excitedC.exciting,excitingD.excited,excited7.“Whywereyousolateforworktoday?”“____totheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.”A.Driving

B.Idrove

C.Todrive

D.ThatIdrove8.Colorscanchangeourmoodsandmakeus_____happyorsad,energeticorsleepy.A.tofeel

B.feeling

C.felt

D.feel9.Wouldyoumind_____moreslowly?Ican’tfollowyou.A.speak

B.spokeC.spoken

D.speaking10.It’sgoodhabit_____breakfasteveryday.A.had

B.have

C.hasD.tohave11.Maria_____shy,butnowsheisquiteoutgoing.Shehasmadelotsoffriends.A.wasusedtobe

B.isusedtobeC.wasusedtobeing

D.usedtobe12.Withlessthan10minutesleft,thestudentsfounditdifficult_____theirwritingontime.A.finishing

B.finished

C.tofinishD.finish13.It'snice______you______mewithmymaths.A.for,tohelp

B.for,helpingC.of,tohelp

D.of,helping14.Theteacheraskedme_____forschoolnexttime.A.notbelate

B.don’tbelateC.nottobelate

D.notlate15.Howabout______tothecinemaonSunday?A.go

B.togo

C.going

D.willgo16.Thelittleboyisbusy______hishomeworknow.A.do

B.todo

C.doing

D.does19.Wekept______theballtoeachother，andtheybegantogetangry.A.topass

B.passing

C.pass

D.past20.---Whereismypassport?Iremember_______ithere.

---Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember_______itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totake B.putting；takingC.putting；totake D.toput；taking21.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_______.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；painting

D.painted；painted22.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite23.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_______withgreatcare.A.lookingafter

B.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof24.Only_______Englishdoesn'tmean_______thelanguage.A.tolearn；tolearn

B.learning；learningC.learningabout；learn

D.learningabout；learning25.Remember_______thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingback

B.putback C.toputback

D.beputback26.Assheislookingforwardto_______fromme,pleaseremember_______thisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hear；post

B.hearing；topostC.beheard；posting

D.behearing；toposting27.Weappreciate_______ustotheball.A.themtoinvite B.toinvite

C.theirinviting

D.beinginvited28.Wouldyoumind_______quietforamoment?I'mtrying_______aform.A.keeping；fillingout

B.tokeep；tofilloutC.keeping；tofillout

D.tokeep；fillingout29.Hewasafraid_______forbeinglate.A.ofseeing B.ofbeingseen

C.tobeseen D.tohaveseen30.I'dliketosuggest_______themeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoff

B.puttingoff

C.putoff D.tobeputoff現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.精品PPT分詞2.時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成DevelopingcountryDevelopedcountryboilingwaterboiledwater1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.

Weonlysellusedbooks.2.TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheheadmasterofourschool.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.2.作后置定語(yǔ)1.作前置定語(yǔ)3.Shewastoofrightenedtomove.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

3.作表語(yǔ)Isawhimcaughtbythepolice.Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Seenfromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.3.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.4.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作狀語(yǔ)Hearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.分詞作狀語(yǔ)：Givenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行式。現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。1）現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(-ing)，表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生eg.Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.

2）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(havingdone)，表示的動(dòng)作必須發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前（有明確的先后順序）。

eg.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.1._______thegarden，theoldmanwenttohavearest.A．HavingbeenwateredB．WateringC．HavingwateredD．BeingwateredC2.____,hewenttospendtheholiday.A.TopasstheexamB.TohavepassedtheexamC.HavingpassedtheexamD.PassingtheexamC

分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式

現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)的一般式beingdoneeg.Thisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)的完成式havingbeendoneeg.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.

過(guò)去分詞在表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還表完成。Isawthebuildingbuilt.

我看到建筑物被建好了。1.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme________ofhowtheprojectwasgoingon．A．beinformedB．informedC．informD.informingB2.____thattherewouldbeastorm,hechangedhisholidayplan.A.HavingtoldB.HavingbeentoldC.TobetoldD.TotellB分詞的否定形式

分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構(gòu)成

eg.Nothavingheardthenews,Iwrotetohimagain.

Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。但有時(shí)候，分詞的動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的，它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。

Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語(yǔ)

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語(yǔ)Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語(yǔ)

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語(yǔ)

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語(yǔ)

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語(yǔ)

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.2.由Therebeing+主語(yǔ)這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因?yàn)橛性S多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。3．with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)，其后面的詞相當(dāng)于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語(yǔ)。（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.1.Itisoften_____thathumanbeingsarenaturallygiftedtospeak.(2014)A.saidB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid2.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself_____.(2014)A.hearingB.heardC.beingheardD.tohear3.Myownproblemsseeminsignificant_____thoseofothers.(2014)A.comparedB.comparingC.comparedwithD.comparingwith4.Haveyouseenthelion_____underthatbigtree?(2014)A.lyingB.layingC.lainD.lay5._____withthedevelopedcountries,someAfricancountriesareleftfarbehindintermsofperople’slivingstandards.(2013)A.CompareB.TocompareC.ComparedD.Compaing6.Thescientistswantedtokeeppeople_____aboutthebreakthroughintheirexperiment.(2016)A.informB.informingC.informedD.toinform7.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself_____afterbyanoldwoman.(2012)A.lookedB.belookedC.lookingD.beinglooked8._____moretime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayersoonerorlater.(2012)A.GivingB.TogiveC.GivenD.Begiven9.Istayedupallnight_____tofindanewsolutiontotheproblem.(2016)A.tryingB.havingtriedC.tryD.tried10._____inhospital,thepatientkeptintouchwiththeoutsideworldbywatchingnewsprogramsonTVeveryday.(2013)A.LyingB.LayingC.LainD.Beinglaid11.Thekidslayfacedowntothebeach,theirbacks_____tothesun.(2009)A.exposingB.exposedC.havingexposedD.wereexposing12.Allthings_____,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.(2008)A.consideringB.havingconsideredC.beconsideredD.considered13._____howtooperateaswitchboard,Ihadtoasktheofficesupervisortoshowmethecorrectprocedures.(2008)A.NotknownB.NotoknowC.NotknowingD.Havingnotknown14.Oneshouldneverloseheartwhen_____withtemporarydifficulties.(2008)A.beingconfrontedB.confrontedC.havingbeenconfrontedD.confronting15._____withthatofthedevelopedcountries,people’slivingstandardofthisAfricancountryisextremelylow.(2007)A.CompareB.WhilecomparingC.WhencomparedD.Comparing16.Pierreoftenmakeshimselfwell____withthehelpofbodylanguage.(2016)A.tounderstandB.understandingC.tobeunderstoodD.understood17.Hestoppedaskingmethetimeafterhehadhadhiswatch_____.(2016)A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.repair18._____fromthetopofthebuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.(2018)A.SeeB.SawC.SeeingD.Seen19._____howtosolvethemathematicsproblem,Stephanieaskedherteacherforhelp.(2018)A.NotknownB.NotknowingC.NottoknowD.Notknow20.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself____.(2018)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard21.Ihaveneverheardtheword_____thatwaybefore.(2020)A.pronounceB.bepronouncedC.pronouncedD.pronouncing21._____,wewentswimmingintheriver.(2011)A.TheweatherbeingveryhotB.ItwasaveryhotdayC.TheweatherwasveryhotD.Beingaveryhotday22.Time_______,wewillarrangeforthetouriststovisittwoorthreemoreplacesofinterest.(2018)A.permitsB.permittingC.permittedD.tobepermitted23.Helenhadtoshout________abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheard