安徽省合肥市2024屆高三下學期第二次教學質(zhì)量檢測（二模）英語

試卷

學校：___________姓名：班級：考號：

一、閱讀理解

Volunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringishereto

stay!FindyourperfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.

TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy（朋友）

Sensematchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensure

youllhavelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachother

remotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.Youllarrangeweekly

sessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming,doingartsandcrafts,

playingmusic,planting-therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovideyouwithweekly

themedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.

WhatWeCanOfferYou

Beforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole,wellmakesurethatyou'vehadthetrainingyou

needtofeelconfident.Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou're

volunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,youllalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteering

andreferences（ifrequired）,reimbursement（報銷）ofpre-agreedexpenses（upto￡25）.

andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingareal

differencetoaperson'slife.

WhoWeAreLookingfor

Weneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandare

passionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperience

theworld.We'realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceof

BritishSignLanguage.Youdon'tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursing

disabledpeople.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation,

pleasecontactthevolunteeringteamatyolunteer@.

1.Whatisavirtualbuddysupposedtodo?

A.Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.

B.Meetthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.

C.Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.

D.Havevirtualinteractionswithamatchedbuddy.

2.Whichofthefollowingwillbeofferedtothevolunteers?

A.Freein-personjobtraining.B.Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.

C.Reimbursementoftravelexpenses.D.Achancetomeetthefounders.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthenecessaryqualificationtobeavirtualbuddy?

A.Masteringaforeignlanguage.B.Goodknowledgeaboutnursing.

C.Beingcommunicativeandhelpful.D.Previousvolunteeringexperience.

WhenIwasateenageboy,myparentssignedmeupinalocaljuniorgolfcamp.From

thatmoment,mylifehasbeenprettymuchdevotedtothegame.

WhenIplaygolf,there'salwaysachanceofmakingsomethingmagicalhappen-whether

it'sbreakingapersonalrecordorpotentiallymakingahole-in-one.Thisistheaspectofgolf

thatattractedmeingrowingup.However,IhadtotakeabreakbecauseIcouldn'treally

affordtoplaywhileincollege,sufferingfromburnout.I'dstillgooutonceinawhiletoplay

withfriends,butforthefirsttimesincemyteens,Iwasawayfrommycommunity.

Severalyearslater,myenthusiasmforplayinggolfwasinspiredagain.Ibecame

familiarwiththegameagainafterplayingonandoffatLangstonGolfCourse.Fromthe

momentIarrived,thisplacefeltlikeoneofthecourseswhereIgrewup:Amodestspot

wherepeopleofallworking-classbackgroundscametoexperiencethegame,eatlunchor

haveadrink.AplacewheregolferswhoareBlack,brownandwomenarewelcomed.

ThesenseofcommunityI'veregainedwiththegameismorethanIcouldVeever

imagined.Ilikehikingaround,chasingalittlewhiteballaroundagolfcourse.Ialsolike

connectingwitholdfriendsandmeetingnewones.SomeI'vebeenplayingwithsincehigh

school,andourtextthreadsareloadedwithtrashtalkaboutwho'splayingwellandwhoisn't.

They'reusuallytheonesspurringmetopracticeandgetbetter.Weshareexperiencesonthe

golfcoursethatarememorableandhavestoriesfordays:Mycircleonlyseemstobe

expanding,andPmexcitedtoseewhatthefuturebolds.

4.Whywastheauthoronceawayfromhisgolfcommunity?

A.Hecouldn'tsparetimetoplaygolf.B.Hedidn'tfeelasenseofachievement.

C.HewantedtomakemorenewfriendsD.Hetriedtogetoutofhisparents*control

5.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutLangstonGolfCourse?

A.ItcarriedhispastmemoriesB.Itremindedhimtokeepmodest

C.Itofferedhimasenseofbelonging.D.Itwitnessedhisaccomplishments

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spurring"inparagraph4mean?

A.Hating.B.Warning.C.ForbiddingD.Pushing.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Golf:MyJourneytoGreatnessB.Golf.MoreThanaGametoMe

C.DiscoveringEnthusiasmforGolfD.PursuingPerfectionThroughGolf

Somelanguagesarerapid-fireandothersmoreunhurriedbutthereisnodifferenceinthe

speedatwhichinformationisshared,accordingtothenewresearch.

Theworld's7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynotonlyintheirrangeofavailable

phonemes-theunitsofsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalsointhepaceatwhichthese

buildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenewresearchintotheinformation

contentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakerstocommunicateaboutthesame

amountofinformationperseconddespitewidevariationsinthespeedofspeech.

Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristopheCoupefromtheUniversityof

LyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversityofCanterburystudiedrecordingsof170nativeadult

speakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeakerreadasetofstandardizedtexts

containingabout240,000syllables（音節(jié)）.Theresearchersfoundthatthefastestlanguage

hit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.Butthiswascancelledoutbythe

amountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllablecontained.Thisvaried

significantly,from4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.

Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotofinformationintosoundsandsyllablestend

tobespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalowinformationdensity（密度）aredelivered

morerapidly.Whilespeechratandinformationdensityfluctuate（波動）widely,the

informationrate-thespeedatwhichinformationisdelivered-staysconsistentlyaround39.

15bitspersecond.

Theresearcherssaythisappearstorepresentaoptimal（最佳的）ratforgivingand

receivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabitanoptimalrangeofinformation

rates,awayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailabletoindividualspeakers.Ofcourse,not

everybodyspeaksattheoptimalinformationrate.Weallknowpeoplewhotalktooquickly

orslowly,andthenewresearchmaycastlightonwhywefindlisteningtothemhardwork.

8.Whathasthenewresearchfoundout?

A.Languagestendtoconveyinformationwithsimilarefficiency.

B.Languageshavenearlythesamerangeofavailablephonemes

C.Thenumberoflanguageshasgraduallydecreasedtoabout7000.

D.Thespeedofspeechisdeterminedbytheinformationcontent.

9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

B.Abriefintroductionoftheresearchprocess.

C.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

D.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

10.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingofChristophe'sstudy?

A.Morewordsinspeechconveymoreinformation

B.Theinformationrateremainsatareasonablelevel.

C.Thespeechratecanaffecttheinformationdensity.

D.Languageswithmoresyllablesaredeliveredfaster

11.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheoptimalinformationrate?

A.Itcanleadtosmoothcommunication.

B.Itmayresultinthedifficultyoflistening

C.Itstaysthesameforindividualspeakers.

D.Itpreventsspeakersfromgoingtoextremes.

OutintheAtlanticOcean,roughly60milesoffthenorthwestcoastofAfrica,liethe

CanaryIslands.Inthe1950s,theboominpackagetourismshowedpromiseasanewcash

crop.ButwhiletheCanaryIslandshadthesunshine,warmclimateandeaseofaccessfrom

Europeneededforthisnewindustry,theyweremissingavitalelement-picture-postcard

sandybeaches.

SothedevelopersonTenerifeintheCanaryIslandsconstructedabreakwater（防波堤）

overhalfamilelong.Andthen,fromtheWesternSaharaonAfrica'snorthwestcoast,they

shippedin270,000tonsofsand.By1973,theprojectwascomplete.Asanticipated,tourists

arrived.Alongtheengineeredbeach,rowsandrowsoftouristsrelaxonbeachchairsunder

umbrellasorwalkacrosssoftsandtocooldowninthewater.

Unanticipatedwaswhattheirpresencegavetooneoftheworld*smostendangeredfish

species,angelsharks-visibility.Thegentlewindcreatestinywavesonthewater'ssurface,a

magicalcoverforwhatliesbeneath-anangelsharknursery.Femaleangelharkregularly

migrate（遷徙）totheseideallyshelteredwaterstogivebirthtopups（幼崽），whoremain

intheshallowsforaboutayear.Feedingonsmallfishes,theygrowtoaroundthesamelength

asanewbornhumanbaby.

SurveyshaveshownthatotherbeachesintheCanaryIslandsarealsopotentialnursery

sites.Interestingly,mostofthemhavebeenremadetomakethemmoreattractivetopeople.

PlayaChicahasanotherlongsweepofimportedsand.It'sanattractionfordiversaswellas

angelsharks,sothenumberofsightingsofmatureangelsharksofthisshorelineisoneof

highestintheislands.

Normally,massive,environmentallydisruptiveprojectsarebadforwildlife.Butwhat's

clearisthatafterthebreakwaterwasbuiltandthesandarrived,peoplefollowed,andinthe

calm,shallowwaterstheybegantoseebabyangelsharks.Andunlikehowmanyan

associationbetweenhumansandwildlifeends-inconflictanddeadanimals-thistimeitledto

conservation.

12.WhydidthedevelopersonTenerifecarryouttheproject?

A.Tobuildabaseforshipping.B.Tofightagainsttherisingsea.

C.Toboostthelocaltourismindustry.D.Toprotecttheisland'seco-system.

13.Whatwasanunexpectedresultoftheproject?

A.Itgaveangelsharksahome.

B.Itmadeamagicaltouristattraction.

C.Itcausedthedisappearanceofsomefishes.

D.Itcreatedconflictsbetweensharksandtourists.

14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheengineeredbeach?

A.Intolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Favorable.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tohighlightthefinancialbenefitsoftourism.

B.Toexplainthesituationofendangeredspecies.

C.Tointroducepotentialhuman-wildlifecoexistence.

D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofwildlifeconservation.

二、七選五

16.Ifyou'veevertriedsomethingbig,thenyou'veprobablyhadtodealwithdoubtata

certainpoint.Nomatterhowoftenyoufaceit,doubtcanbedepressing.①Insituations

wheredoubtarises,considerthesemethodsbelow,andyoucansilencedoubtandputyour

besteffortstowardyourgoals

?②Doingthisstimulatestherewardcenter,trickingyourmindintofocusingon

completingthetasktoexperiencetheachievement.Andimaginingdesiredoutcomescan

havepotentialbenefitsincludingimprovedmotivationandconfidence.

?Lookbackonpastwins.Reflectingisapowerfulwaytotellyourselfthatyou're

capableofdoingmuchmore.Getridofdoubtbyenteringreflectionmodeandreminding

yourselfthatyouarecapableofgettingthingsdone.（3）

?Meditate（冥想）regularly.（4）Butbymeditatingregularly,youcankeepyour

energylevelshighinthefaceofchallengesandpressureandstayabovedoubt.Itisa

powerfultooltokeepyourmindclearaboutyourgoalsandgetyourdesiredmission

accomplished.

?Takeactiononyourplans.Asuresignthatself-doubthasyouinitsgraspisthatyou

arebeginningtobuyintotheexcusesyoumake.⑤Takingactionisthemosteffective

methodtosilencedoubtwhensensingit.Don'tletthedoubtholdyouback:useittomotivate

yourself.Thenyoullbefueledtomovetowardyourmission.

A.Visualizesuccess.

B.Buildarewardsystem

C.Itisabigchallengetostrengthenyourmotivation

D.Stressandanxietyallowroomforweaknessanddoubt.

E.Itcanalsoweakenyourdeterminationtogetthingsdone

F.Thiswillultimatelypreventyoufrombeingabletoaccomplishyourgoals.

G.Afterall,thereminderthatyouhaveovercomedoubtisabigconfidenceboost

三、完形填空（15空）

WhenIwas15,mymotherandIimmigratedtoasmalltowninTexas,America.My

Englishwas]evenforsimpleconversations,makingmestrugglebothsociallyand_2

atschool.WelivedbelowthepovertylineandmyAmericanstepfathersubjectedmymother

andmetoalotof3,causingmymothertobehospitalizedforseveredepression.Notlong

afterIturned18,I4oursmallapartment.Inthefollowingmonths,Iwenttothesmall

local5workingpart-timejobstofundmystudies.AtnightIcouchsurfedatfriends!

places.I6worriedaboutmynextmealandwhereIwasgoingtospendthenight.Despite

greathardship,Ineverlost7,hopingforabrightfuture.

Finally,Icould8myownlife:WhenIwas19,Imanagedtotransfer（轉入）toa

largeruniversity,wheremymotherjoinedme.Duringadepartmentsocial,Igottoknow

somethingcalled9Icontactedeveryprofessorinthedepartmentaskingforaresearch

10untilonetookmeon.Atage20,IwasexcitedtoseethetheoriesIlearnedinthe

classroom11.Interactingwithgraduatestudentswhoseemedquitesmartand

knowledgeableinspiredmyowndesiretopursuea12inresearch.Iseizedevery

opportunityto13researchexperienceatvariousinstitutionsandinarangeofdisciplines.

I'mnow6yearsintomyPh.D.programand14whatI'vedone.ReflectingonhowI

gothere,I15thatadesiretolearnandwillingnesstoputinthenecessaryeffortcanreally

makeadifference.

17.A.accurateB.fluentC.insufficientD.unmistakable

18.A.athleticallyB.academicallyC.professionallyD.financially

19.A.dignityB.sympathyC.toleranceD.abuse

20.A.rentedoutB.escapedfromC.paintedD.repaired

21.A.collegeB.marketC.clubD.company

22.A.constantlyB.suddenlyC.temporarilyD.casually

23.A.balanceB.patienceC.interestD.faith

24.A.extendB.continueC.controlD.imagine

25.A.professionB.researchC.disciplineD.education

26.A.positionB.budgetC.projectD.standard

27.A.takeplaceB.takepowerC.cometolifeD.comeintobeing

28.A.promotionB.storyC.strategyD.career

29.A.provideB.accumulateC.shareD.change

30.A.anxiousaboutB.guiltyaboutC.tiredofD.proud

of

31.A.appreciateB.doubtC.promiseD.swear

四、短文填空

32.HuangDanian,anotedChinesegeophysicist(物理學)，①(devote)himselfto

scienceandmadegreatcontributionstoChina'sdeepearthexploration.

Bornin1958inNanning.Guangxi,Huang'spassion②geophysicsstartedfroman

earlyage.In1993,hewenttoEnglandforfurtherstudies,andearnedhisdoctor'sdegreein

geophysics,(3)(rank)thetopofhisclass.Huanglaterjoinedageophysicalservice

companyinCambridgetogainfirst-handexperience.

DuringhisstayinEngland,Huangremained(4)___(commit)tohismotherland.Helong

dreamedofgoingbackto"servemycountrywithmywholeheart*'.Theopportunitycamein

2008.⑤Chinalaunchedanationalprogramforglobaltoptalent.⑥(participate)in

theprogram.Huangquithisjobwithno⑦___(hesitate)andreturnedtoChinaasoneofthe

firstprofessionals.

Uponreturn,Huang(8)(appoint)chiefscientistofChina'sbiggestdeepearth

explorationprogram.Huangworked⑨___(tireless)aroundtheclock.ThankstoHuangand

histeam'sefforts.Chinamade⑩___significantbreakthroughindeepearthexploration.

Huangpassedawayattheageof58.Hispassingleftthescientificcommunityinsorrow,

buthewillberememberedforeverforhisdevotiontohisfieldandtheloveofhismotherland.

五、書面表達

33.假定你是李華，你校外教Adele計劃拍短視頻向她的親友介紹你們的校園生活，為

此征求你的建議，請你給她回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.推薦拍攝內(nèi)容：

2.陳述推薦理由。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右：

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

DearAdele,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

六、讀后續(xù)寫

34.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短

文。

Besidethesink,therewastheflourbinandabottleofbuttermilk,thepaleboxofbaking

soda(發(fā)酵粉),aboxofdriedgrapes,aboxofsalt,andatinofcaraway(葛縷子)seeds.On

thesmalltablebeneaththewindow,abowlandaspoonandthemeasuringcup.Therewasas

wellanarrowcardonwhichshehadwritteninhercarefulhandtherecipeforsodabread.

Itwastime,mymothersaid,thatIlearnedafewthingsaboutcooking.Istoodinthe

kitchendoorway,allunwillingness.Why?Iwantedtoask.

Mymothertiedanapron（圍裙）aroundmywaist."Allright,"shesaid.Shenode

towardthetable,thebowlandthespoonandtherecipecard.Ilookedather.Themorning

sunlightthroughthesinglewindowlitthedownonhercheeks.Itshowedherbrowneyeshad

somegreeninthem,too.Andthatoneithersideofhertallforeheadherdarkhairwasturning

gray.

"Goahead,"mymothersaid."Getstarted.nAndwhenshesawmehesitate,sheputher

handonmyshoulderandturnedmetowardthetableandthebowlandthespoon.nReadthe

recipeoverandthengatheryouringredients,"shesaidslowly."They'reallrighthere.Ill

watchandhelp.*'

"Readitover,"mymothersaid.AndInodded,pretendingto.Thesunthroughthesingle

windowwasbrightinmyeyes.

“Nowgatherwhatyouneed."Ipickeduptheflourbinandbroughtittothetable.I

pickedupthebuttermilkandthedrygrapes.Iwentbackforthesaltandthetinofcaraway

seedsandthenstoodbeforethebowlandthespoonandthemeasuringcup.Beyondthe

window,beyondthegraybarsofthefireescape,thewashmymotherhaddonethismorning

waswavingontheline-sheets,myschoolblousesandmyfather'sshirts,whichwerehung

upsidedown,theirarmswavinginawaythatmademegrowdizzyinsympathy.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

"Haven'tyouforgottensomething"mymothersaidbehindme.

Twenty-fiveminuteslater,Itookthebreadoutofthestove.

參考答案

1.答案：D

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweach

otherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You'llarrange

weeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaining,doingartsand

crafts,playingmusic,planting一therearesomanypossibilities!"（一旦與朋友配對，你就

可以通過視頻通話、電話、短信、電子郵件或信件遠程認識對方。你會安排每周的會

議，一起計劃有趣的事情。你可以玩游戲，做藝術和手工藝，演奏音樂，種植一有很

多的可能性!）可知，一個虛擬的朋友應當與配對成功的朋友進行虛擬的遠程互動，故

選D。

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中"Whileyou'revolunteeringwithusasavirtual

buddy,you'llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences（ifrequired）,

reimbursement（報銷）ofpre-agreedexpenses（upto￡25）,andgreatopportunitiestodevelop

newskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson'slife."（當

你志愿與我們作為一個虛擬的朋友，你也會得到一個書面記述的志愿服務和參考（如果

需要），報銷提前同意的費用（最高25英鎊），和良好的機會來發(fā)展新技能和了解新的

人，同時能真正改變一個人的生活。）可知，與原文相符的是"一個志愿活動的書面記

載"，故選B。

3.答案：C

解析：推理判新題。根據(jù)原文第四段中"Weneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressing

theirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilities

tocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.We'realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswho

haveknowledgeorexperienceofBritishSignLanguage.Youdon'tneedtohaveprevious

experienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabledpeople."（我們需要那些善于表達他們的想

法和感受，并熱衷于支持那些患有復雜殘疾的殘疾人來交流和體驗世界的志愿者。我

們也一直在尋找有英國手語知識或經(jīng)驗的志愿者。你不需要有志愿服務或護理殘疾人

的經(jīng)驗。）可知，與原文相符的qualification是要求志愿者有良好的溝通能力和樂于助

人，故選C。

4.答案：A

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"However,IhadtotakeabreakbecauseIcouldn't

reallyaffordtoplaywhileincollege,sufferingfromburnout.Fdstillgooutonceinawhile

toplaywithfriends,butforthefirsttimesincemyteens,Iwasawayfrommy

community."（然而，我不得不休息一下，因為我在大學期間真的抽不出時間比賽，因為

精疲力盡。我仍然會偶爾出去和朋友們一起玩，但從我十幾歲以來，我第一次離開了

我的社區(qū)。）可知，作者中途離開高爾夫社區(qū)是因為上大學期間無法抽出時間，故選A

項。

5.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"FromthemomentIarrived,thisplacefeltlikeoneof

thecourseswhereIgrewup:Amodestspotwherepeopleofallworking-classbackgrounds

cametoexperiencethegame,eatlunchorhaveadrink.AplacewheregolferswhoareBlack,

brownandwomenarewelcomed."（從我到達的那一刻起，這個地方感覺就像是我成長的

過程之一:一個不起眼的地方，所有工薪階層背景的人都來這里體驗游戲、吃午餐或喝

酒。一個歡迎黑人、棕色人和女性高爾夫球手的地方。）可知在這個高爾夫球場，作者

有了歸屬感，故選C項。

6.答案：D

解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)所在句"They'reusuallytheonesspurringmetopracticeandget

better.”（他們通常是那些激勵我去練習和變得更好的人）可知，該詞的意思是“激勵;促

使”，故選D項。

7.答案：B

解析：主旨大意題。本文講述了打小就開始熱愛的高爾夫球運動對個人成長的意義，

這就不僅僅是一項比賽了。故選B項。

8.答案：A

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theworlds7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynot

onlyintheirrangeofavailablephonemes一theunitsofsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalso

inthepaceatwhichthesebuildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenew

researchintotheinformationcontentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakersto

communicateaboutthesameamountofinformationperseconddespitewidevariationsinthe

speedofspeech."（世界上大約7000種語言不僅在可用音素-構成語音的聲音單位的范

圍上有很大的不同，而且在這些語音組成語塊的節(jié)奏上也有很大的不同。但對語音中

信息內(nèi)容的新研究表明，盡管語音速度差異很大，但語言允許說話者每秒交流大約相

同數(shù)量的信息量。）可知“語言傾向于以相似的效率傳遞信息”，故選A。

9.答案：B

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段"Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristophe

CoupefromtheUniversityofLyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversityofCanterburystudied

recordingsof170nativeadultspeakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeaker

readasetofstandardizedtextscontainingabout240,000syllables（音節(jié)）.Theresearchers

foundthatthefastestlanguagehit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.But

thiswascancelledoutbytheamountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllable

contained.Thisvariedsignificantly,from4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8.0bitsper

syllableforVietnamese."（為了更好地理解這一點，由里昂大學的克里斯托夫?庫佩和

坎特伯雷大學的吳尹教授領導的研究人員研究了170名母語為17種歐洲和亞洲語言的

成年人的錄音。每個演講者閱讀一組包含約24萬個音節(jié)的標準化文本。研究人員發(fā)

現(xiàn)，最快的語言達到每秒達到9.1個音節(jié)，最慢的只有4.3個音節(jié)。但這被每個音節(jié)所

包含的以比特表示的信息量所抵消了。這一變化很大，從巴斯克語的每音節(jié)4.8比特

到越南語的每音節(jié)8.0比特。），本段是對研究過程的簡介，故選B。

10.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotof

informationintosoundsandsyllablestendtobespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalow

informationdensity（密度）aredeliveredmorerapidly.Whilespeechrateandinformation

densityfluctuate（波動）widely,theinformationrate一thespeedatwhichinformationis

delivered一staysconsistentlyaround39.15bitspersecond,"（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，將大量信息融入聲

音和音節(jié)的語言往往說得更慢，而那些信息密度低的語言傳遞的速度更快。雖然語音

速率和信息密度波動很大，但信息速率一信息傳遞的速度一始終保持在每秒39.15比

特左右。）可知”信息率會保持在一個合理的水平”，故選B。

11.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Theresearcherssaythisappearstorepresentan

optimal（最佳的）rateforgivingandreceivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabit

anoptimalrangeofinformationrates,awayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailableto

individualspeakers."（研究人員表示，這似乎代表了提供和接收信息的最佳速率。語言

似乎穩(wěn)定地維持在一個最佳的信息率范圍內(nèi)，遠離了個別發(fā)言者仍然可以使用的極端

情況。）可知”最佳的信息傳輸率會產(chǎn)生平順的交流。"故選A。

12.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段SothedevelopersonTenerifeintheCanaryIslands

constructedabreakwater（防波堤）overhalfamilelong.Andthen,fromtheWesternSahara

onAfrica'snorthwestcoast,theyshippedin270,000tonsofsand.By1973,theprojectwas

complete.Asanticipated,touristsarrived.Alongtheengineeredbeach,rowsandrowsof

touristsrelaxonbeachchairsunderumbrellasorwalkacrosssoftsandtocooldowninthe

water.（因此加那利群島特內(nèi)里費島上的開發(fā)商建造了一個超過半英里長的防波堤。然

后，他們從非洲西北海岸的西撒哈拉運來了27萬噸沙子。到1973年，工程完工。不

出所料，游客們來了沿著工程海灘，一排排游客在遮陽傘下的沙灘椅上放松，或走過

柔軟的沙灘在水中降溫。）可知特內(nèi)里費島上的開發(fā)商實施這個項目是為了促進當?shù)?/p>

的旅游業(yè)。故答案為C。

13.答案：A

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Unanticipatedwaswhattheirpresencegavetoone

oftheworld'smostendangeredfishspecies,angelsharks一Visibility.（出乎意料的是，它們

的出現(xiàn)讓世界上最瀕危的魚類之一一天使鯊一獲得了知名度。）可知該項目的一個意想

不到的結果是它給了天使鯊一個家故答案為Ao

14.答案：D

解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Butwhafsclearisthatafterthebreakwaterwas

builtandthesandarrived,peoplefollowed,andinthecalm,shallowwaterstheybeganto

seebabyangelsharks.Andunlikehowmanyanassociationbetweenhumansandwildlife

ends-inconflictanddeadanimals-thistimeitledtoconservation,（但明確的是，防波堤建

好，沙子到了之后，人們也跟著來了，在平靜的淺水區(qū)，他們開始看到小天使鯊。不

像許多人和野生動物之間的聯(lián)系以沖突和動物死亡告終這一次它導致了保護。）可知

作者對工程海灘的態(tài)度是積極的。故答案為D。

15.答案：C

解析：目的意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段But