高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)—定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納講解(附同步練習(xí))

一、定語(yǔ)從句的兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

★先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。通常情況下，引導(dǎo)詞前面的名詞即為從句的先行詞。

★關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。也可以稱作引導(dǎo)詞。

①關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在從句內(nèi)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等名詞性成分。

②關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why在從句內(nèi)作狀語(yǔ)。

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞(引導(dǎo)詞)用法精講：

(一).使用who、whom、which、that的定語(yǔ)從句

1.who

Thisistheboywhoplaysbasketballverywell.

ThisistheteacherwhoisteachingusEnglish.

▲who指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。

2.whom

Thisistheboy(whom)Ioftenhelp.

Themanisourheadmaster(whom)youmetjustnow.

Imetthegirl(whom)youoftenpraise.

▲whom指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。

3.which

Thisisthefarmwhichkeepsmanycows.

Thisisthefarm(which)Ivisiteveryyear.

▲which指事物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

4.that

以上三種情況均可用thato指人或指物，可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

(—).使用whose的定語(yǔ)從句

Doyouknowthegirlwhosofatherismayor.

Iusedtoworkinanofficewhosewindowfacesnorth.

Iworkinaschoolwhosestudentsareexcellent.

▲whose指人或物的所屬關(guān)系，表示“某人的”或“某物的"。whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)。

(三).只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況

(1)先行詞為不定代詞all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much

Iwilldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.

Parentstrytooffereverything(that)childrenneed.

Thereisnotmuch(that)Icandohere.

(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

ThisisthefirstEnglishnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.

Thisisthelastlesson(that)Iwillgiveyou.

Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.

(3)先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)。

Thisistheonlything(that)Icandoforyou.

Thisistheverybook(that)Iamlookingfor.

(4)人和物同時(shí)作先行詞時(shí)。

Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpeople(that)wesawintheforeigncountry.

(5)避免重復(fù)：who/which開頭的疑問(wèn)句。

Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?

Whichisthebook(that)youwanttoborrow?

(6)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也可省略。

Heisnolongertheman(that)hewas.=Heisnolongerwhathewas.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(四)?使用“介詞+which”和“介詞+whom”的定語(yǔ)從句

Thisisthevillageinwhich/whereIwasborn.

PhysicsisasubjectinwhichIamveryinterested.

ThisisthemanwithwhomIamworking.

Ihavemanyfriends,mostofwhomarebusinessmen.

Ihavetwosisters,bothofwhomliveinthecountryside.

區(qū)分：

ThisisthegardenwhichIamlookingafter.

▲lookafter,takecareof,lookfor等固定詞組,介詞不可分開。

(五),使用where,when,why的定語(yǔ)從句

1.where

ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbom.

區(qū)分：

①Thisisthevillagewhichhasmanygreenhouses.

ThisistheshopwhereIbuybread.

②Thisistheshopwhichsellsbread.

ThisistheschoolwhereIamworking.

③Thisistheschoolwhichhasmanygoodteachersandstudents.

▲where指地點(diǎn)，代替表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)（介詞+先行詞），在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

which指事物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不做狀語(yǔ)。

▲當(dāng)point,situation,conditions等詞作先行詞表抽象的地點(diǎn)，其后常由where引導(dǎo)

Canyouthinkoutasituationthiswordcanbeused?

Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointnobodycancureher.

2.when

rilneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.

區(qū)分：

I'llneverforgetthedays（which）wespenttogether.

Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.

Wearelivinginanagewhichisseeinggreatchanges.

▲when指時(shí)間，代替表示時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)（介詞+先行詞），在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

which,指時(shí)間，在從句中做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不做狀語(yǔ)。

3.why

Hetoldmethereasonwhyhedidn'tcometoschool.

區(qū)分：

Thereason（which）hegaveusisnottrue.

▲why指原因，代替forthereason,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。which指原因，在從句中做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不做狀語(yǔ)。

例題：

1）Theywillhavetoputoffhisconcertuntilnextmonth,hefinisheshistravelaroundtheworld.

（when=nextmonth；在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）

2）Anyway,thatevening,I'lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel9splace.

（which=thatevening；在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

3）Lifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.

（where=intherace；在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）

4）Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.

（when=duringthedays；在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）

5）Thereasonherejectedourplanisthathehadnofaithinus.

(why=forthereason；在從句中作狀語(yǔ))

6)Theprofessorlistedanumberofcasespeopleshouldn'ttalktostrangers.

(where=inthecases；在從句中作狀語(yǔ))

7)IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.

(where=atthepoint；在從句中作狀語(yǔ))

8)Ifshelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.

(where=inthesituation；在從句中作狀語(yǔ))

9)Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumers5complaintshaveresultedinchangesin

thelaw.(where=inthecases；在從句中作狀語(yǔ))

(六).way做先行詞，用inwhich/that引導(dǎo)定從，或省略，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1)Iliketheway(inwhich/that)youtalk.

2)Idon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)shewhispersinothers'ears.

區(qū)分：

Wemustlearntoactinwaysdonotharmotherlivingthings.(that；作主語(yǔ))

三、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

(-)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞后有逗號(hào)。

先行詞常為''人名或地名”，定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其說(shuō)明作用不大，完全可以省略。不能使用that,其他根據(jù)情況

均可使用。

1.Football,isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld,(which)

2.Myfather,isakindman,worksinthisschool,(who)

3.Lincoln,waskilledin1865,wasagoodpresident.(who)

4.MissZhao,youmet,isourEnglishteacher.(whom)

(二).Which,as指代一句話，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.

1.Igaveherahand,whichmadeherhappy.

2.Hecamelate,whichisoftenthecase.

▲Which指代一句話，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，譯成“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”，放主句后。

Asiswell-known,Chinaisdevelopingveryfast.(定從)

Chinaisdevelopingveryfast,asiswell-known.（定從）

區(qū)分:

Itiswell-knownthatChinaisdevelopingveryfast.（主從）

▲as指代一句話，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常譯成“正如，正像”，放句首或句尾。

（三）.as引到的限制性定語(yǔ)從句,such...as,thesame...as

Hereissuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.（定從）

比較:as和that的區(qū)別

Hereissuchabigstonenoonecanliftit.（that；狀從）

Sheissuchanicegirleveryonelikes,（as定從）

Sheissuchanicegirleveryonelikesher.（that狀從）

Hisplanwassuchagoodoneweallagreedtoaccept,（as定從）

Hisplanwassuchagoodoneweallagreedtoacceptit.（that狀從）

定語(yǔ)從句同步練習(xí):

-.單項(xiàng)選擇。

1.InfacttheSweden（王常典人）didnotunderstandthethreequestionswereaskedinFrench.

A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which

2.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,leadingactorisworldfamous?

A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.ifs

3.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,wehadn'texpected.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what

4.isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years5time.

A.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.As

5.Thegentlemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.

A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom

6.Hepaidtheboy&10forwashingthewindows,mostofhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

A.themB.thoseC.thatD.which

7.Chinahashundredsofislands,Taiwanisthelargest.

A.inwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.that

8.ThedayfinallycameIwasofferedajob.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.since

9.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

10.NewYork,lastyear,isaniceoldcity.

A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited

11.hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamnextmonth.

A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What

12.Thefamousbasketballstar,triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who

13.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen

14.ThankyouforgivingmetheBestDesign,theverybookI'mlookingfor.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where

15.He'ssaidtohavebeenspendinghisholidaysinShanghai,isacoastalcity.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.as

16.Thereisnosuchplaceyoudreamofinthewholeworld.

A.thatB.asC.whichD.what

17.ThemountainvillagewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinHubei.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when

18.Thereasonhegavewasthathehadgotuplate

A.whyB.thatC.ofwhichD.forwhich

19.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.

.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich

20.Lookout!Don,tgetclosetothehouse,roofisunderrepair.

A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that

二.用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞完成下列定語(yǔ)從句。

1.ThisistheteacheristeachingusEnglish.

2.Thisisthefarm_____________keepsmanycows.

3.ThisisthefarmIamworkingnow.

4.ThisisthefarmIvisiteveryyear.

5.Birthdayisadayisimportantforeveryone.

6.FilneverforgetthedayIfirstcametothisschool.

7.ThatwasadayI'llrememberforever.

8.Idon'tknowthereasonheoftentellslie