大學(xué)英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷47（共9套）（共260題）大學(xué)英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、長篇閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)DoParentsInvadeChildren'sPrivacyWhenTheyPostPhotosOnline?[A]WhenKatlynBurbidge'ssonwas6yearsold,hewasperformingsomeridiculoussonganddancetypicalofafirst-grader.Butaftershesnappedaphotoandstartedusingherphone,heaskedheraseriousquestion:"Areyougoingtopostthatonline?"Shelaughedandanswered,"Yes,IthinkIwill."Whathesaidnextstoppedher."Canyounot?"[B]That'swhenitdawnedonher:shehadbeenpostingphotosofhimonlinewithoutaskinghispermission."We'rebigadvocatesofbodilyautonomyandnotforcinghimtohugorkisspeopleunlesshewantsto,butitneveroccurredtomethatIshouldaskhispermissiontopostphotosofhimonline,"saysBurbidge,amomoftwoinWakefield,Massachusetts."NowwhenIpostaphotoofhimonline,Ishowhimthephotoandgethisokay."[C]Whenher8-month-oldis3or4yearsold,sheplanstostartaskinghiminanage-appropriateway,"Doyouwantotherpeopletoseethis?"That'spreciselytheapproachthattworesearchersadvocatedbeforearoomofpediatricians(兒科醫(yī)生)lastweekattheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsmeeting,whentheydiscussedthe21stcenturychallengeof"sharenting,"anewtermforparents'onlinesharingabouttheirchildren."Asadvocatesofchildren'srights,webelievethatchildrenshouldhaveavoiceaboutwhatinformationissharedaboutthemifpossible,"saysStaceySteinberg,alegalskillsprofessorattheUniversityofFloridaLevinCollegeofLawinGainesville.[D]Whetherit'sensuringthatyourchildisn'tbulliedoversomethingyoupost,thattheiridentityisn'tdigitally"kidnapped",orthattheirphotosdon'tenduponahalfdozenchildpornography(色情)sites,asoneAustralianmomdiscovered,parentsandpediatriciansareincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofprotectingchildren'sdigitalpresence.SteinbergandBaharehKeith,anassistantprofessorofpediatricsattheUniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine,saymostchildrenwilllikelyneverexperienceproblemsrelatedtowhattheirparentsshare,butatensionstillexistsbetweenparents'rightstosharetheirexperiencesandtheirchildren'srightstoprivacy.[E]"We'reinnowaytryingtosilenceparents'voices,"Steinbergsays."Atthesametime,werecognizethatchildrenmighthaveaninterestinenteringadulthoodfreetocreatetheirowndigitalfootprint."Theycitedastudypresentedearlierthisyearof249pairsofparentsandtheirchildreninwhichtwiceasmanychildrenasparentswantedrulesonwhatparentscouldshare."Theparentssaid,'Wedon'tneedrules—we'refine,'andthechildrensaid,'Ourparentsneedrules'"Keithsays."Thechildrenwantedautonomyaboutthisissueandwereworriedabouttheirparentssharinginformationaboutthem."[F]AlthoughtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsoffersguidelinesrecommendingthatparentsmodelappropriatesocialmediausefortheirchildren,itdoesnotexplicitlydiscussoversharingbyparents."Ithinkthisisaverylegitimateconcern,andIappreciatetheirdrawingourattentiontoit,"DavidHill,afatheroffive,says.Heseesaroleforpediatricianstotalkwithparentsaboutthis,butbelievesthemessagingmustextendfarbeyondpediatricians'offices."Ilookforwardtoseeingresearchersexpandourunderstandingoftheissuesowecantranslateitintoeffectiveeducationandpolicy,"hesays.[G]There'sbeenlittleresearchonthetopic,Steinbergwroteinalawarticleaboutthisissue.Whilestatescouldpasslawsrelatedtosharinginformationaboutchildrenonline,Steinbergfeelsparentsthemselvesaregenerallybestsuitedtomakethesedecisionsfortheirfamilies."Whilewedidn'twanttocreateanyunnecessarypanic,wedidfindsomeconcernsthatweretroublesome,andwethoughtthatparentsoratleastphysiciansshouldbeawareofthosepotentialrisks,"Steinbergsays.Theyincludephotosrepurposedforinappropriateorillegalmeans,identitytheft,embarrassment,bullyingbypeersordigitalkidnapping.[H]Butthat'sthenegativeside,withrisksthatmustbebalancedagainstthebenefitsofsharing.Steinbergpointedoutthatparentalsharingonsocialmediahelpsbuildcommunities,connectspread-outfamilies,providesupportandraiseawarenessaroundimportantsocialissuesforwhichparentsmightbetheirchild'sonlyvoice.[I]AC.S.Mottsurveyfoundamongthe56percentofmothers,and34percentoffatherswhodiscussedparentingonsocialmedia,72percentofthemsaidsharingmadethemfeellessalone,andnearlyasmanysaidsharinghelpedthemworrylessandgavethemadvicefromotherparents.Themostcommontopicstheydiscussedincludedkids'sleep,nutrition,disciplinebehaviorproblemsanddaycareandpreschool.[J]"There'sthispeer-to-peernatureofhealthcarethesedayswithaprofoundopportunityforparentstolearnhelpfultips,safetyandpreventionefforts,pro-vaccinemessagesandallkindsofothermessagesfromotherparentsintheirsocialcommunities,"saysWendySueSwanson,apediatricianandexecutivedirectorofdigitalhealthatSeattleChildren'sHospital,wheresheblogsaboutherownparentingjourneytohelpotherparents."They'regettingnurturedbypeoplethey'vealreadyselectedthattheytrust,"shesays.[K]"Howdoweweightherisks,howdowethinkaboutthebenefits,andhowdowealleviatetherisks?"shesays,"Thosearethequestionsweneedtoaskourselves,andeveryonecanhaveadifferentanswer."[L]Someparentsfindthebestrouteforthemisnottoshareatall.BridgetO'Hanlonandherhusband,wholiveinCleveland,decidedbeforetheirdaughterwasbornthattheywouldnotpostherphotosonline.Whenafewfamilymembersdidpostpictures,O'Hanlonandherhusbandmadetheirwishesclear."It'sbeenhardnottosharepicturesofherbecausepeoplealwayswanttoknowhowbabiesandtoddlers(學(xué)走路的孩子)aredoingandtoseepictures,butwemadethedecisiontohavesocialmediawhileshedidnot."O'Hanlonsaid.Similarly,AlisonJamisonofNewYorkdecidedwithherhusbandthattheirchildhadarighttotheirownonlineidentity.Theydiduseaninvitation-onlyphotosharingplatformsothatfriendsandfamily,includingthosefaraway,couldseethephotos,buttheystoodfirm,simplyrefusingtoputtheirchild'sphotosonothersocialmediaplatforms.[M]"Formostfamilies,it'sajourney.Sometimesitgoeswrong,butmostofthetimeitdoesn't,"saysSwanson,whorecommendsstartingtoaskchildrenpermissiontopostnarrativesorphotosaroundages6to8."We'lllearnmoreandmorewhatourtoleranceis.Wecanaskourkidstohelpuslearnasasocietywhat'sokayandwhat'snot."[N]Indeed,thatlearningprocessgoesbothways.BriaDunham,amotherinSomerville,Massachusetts,wassoexcitedtowatchamomentofbrotherlybondingwhileherfirst-graderandbabytookabathtogetherthatshesnappedafewphotos.Butwhensheconsideredpostingthemonline,shetooktheperspectiveofherson:Howwouldhefeelifhisclassmates'parentssawphotosofhimchest-upinthebathtub?"ItmademethinkabouthowIamteachinghimtohaveownershipofhisownbodyandhowwhatissharedtodayenduresintothefuture."Dunhamsays."SoIkeptthepicturestomyselfandacceptedthisasonemorestepinsupportinghisincreasingautonomy."1、Steinbergarguedparentalsharingonlinecanbebeneficial.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：斯坦伯格認(rèn)為，家長在線分享是有益的。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Steinberg、parentalsharingbeneficial分別與原文H段第二句中的Steinberg、parentalsharing第一句中的thebenefits相對應(yīng)，題干是對H段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選H。2、Accordingtoanexpert,whenchildrenreachschoolage,theycanhelptheirparentslearnwhatcanandcannotbedone.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：一位專家稱，當(dāng)孩子達(dá)到上學(xué)年齡時，他們可以幫助父母了解什么能做，什么不能做。題干的關(guān)鍵詞allexpert、reachschoolage和helptheirparentslearnwhatcallandcannotbedone分別與原文M段中的Swanson、aroundages6to8和helpslearn…what’sokayandwhat’snot相對應(yīng)，題干是對M段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選M。3、Onemotherrefrainedfrompostingherson’sphotosonlinewhensheconsideredthematterfromherson’sperspective.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：一位母親站在兒子的角度思考問題，沒有把兒子的照片發(fā)到網(wǎng)上。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Onemother、refrainedfrompostingherson’sphotosonline和fromherson’sperspective分別與原文N段第二句中的amother，最后一句中的Ikeptthepicturestomyself，以及第三句中的tooktheperspectiveofherson相對應(yīng)，題干是對N段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選N。4、Accordingtoastudy,morechildrenthanparentsthinkthereshouldberulesonparents’sharing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，認(rèn)為父母分享應(yīng)受到規(guī)范的孩子的人數(shù)比父母多。題干的關(guān)鍵詞astudy、morechildrenthanparents和rulesonparents’sharing分別與原文E段第三句中的astudy、twiceasmanychildrenasparents和rulesonwhatparentscouldshare相對應(yīng)，題干是對E段第三句的同義替換。故本題選E。5、KatlynBurbidgehadneverrealizedshehadtoaskherson’sapprovaltoputhisphotosonline.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：卡特琳.伯比奇從來沒有想過她必須征得兒子的同意才能把他的照片放到網(wǎng)上。題干的關(guān)鍵詞KatlynBurbidge、hadneverrealized、askherson’sapproval和puthisphotosonline與B段第二句中的Burbidge、neveroccurredto、askhispermissionpostphotosofhimonline相對應(yīng)，題干是對B段第二句的同義替換。故本題選B。6、Amotherdecidednottopostherson’sphotoonlinewhenheaskedhernotto.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：一位母親在兒子的要求下決定不把兒子的照片發(fā)到網(wǎng)上。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Amother、postherson’sphotoonline和heaskedhernotto分別與A段第一句中的KatlynBurbidge(一位母親)，第三句中的postthatonline，以及第五、六句Whathesaidnextstoppedher."Canyounot?"相對應(yīng)，題干是對A段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選A。7、Awomanpediatriciantriestohelpotherparentsbysharingherownparentingexperience.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：一位女兒科醫(yī)生試圖通過分享自己的育兒經(jīng)驗(yàn)來幫助其他父母。題干的關(guān)鍵詞A…pediatrician、helpotherparents和sharingherownparentingexperience分別與J段倒數(shù)第二句中的apediatrician、helpotherparents和blogsaboutherownparentingjourney相對應(yīng)，題干是對J段倒數(shù)第二句的同義替換。故本題選J。8、Therearepeoplewhodecidesimplynottosharetheirchildren’sphotosonline.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：有些人干脆決定不在網(wǎng)上分享孩子的照片。題干的關(guān)鍵詞people和simplynottoshare分別對應(yīng)原文L段第一句中的parents和nottoshareatall，題干是對L段第一句的同義替換。故本題選L。9、Parentsandphysiciansshouldrealizesharinginformationonlineaboutchildrenmayinvolverisks.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：家長和醫(yī)生應(yīng)該意識到在網(wǎng)上分享孩子的信息可能會有風(fēng)險。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Parentsandphysicians、realize和risks分別與原文G段第三句中的parents…physicians、beawareof和risks相對應(yīng)，題干是對G段第三句的同義替換。故本題選G。10、Parentswhosharetheirparentingexperiencesmayfindthemselvesintrudingintotheirchildren’sprivacy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：分享育兒經(jīng)驗(yàn)的父母可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己侵犯了孩子的隱私。題干的關(guān)鍵詞parentingexperiences和children’sprivacy分別與D段最后一句中的sharetheirexperiences和children’srightstoprivacy相對應(yīng)，題干是對D段最后一句的同義替換。故本題選D。IntheRealWorld,NobodyCaresThatYouWenttoanIvyLeagueSchool[A]Asahighschooljunior,everythinginmyliferevolvedaroundgettingintotherightcollege.IdiligentlyattendedmySAT,ACT,andAdvancedPlacementtestpreparationcourses.Ijuggled(盡力應(yīng)付)crosscountryandtrackschedules,newspaperstaff,andmychurch'syouthgroupanddramateam.Ididn'tdrink,party,orevendomuchdating.Therightcollege,Ithought,wasonewithprestige,onewithaname.Itdidn'thavetobetheIvyLeague,butitneededtobea"topschool".[B]Lookingbacknow,nineyearslater,Ican'trememberexactlywhatitwasabouttheseuniversitiesthatmadethemseemsomuchbetter.Wasitacurriculumthatappearedmorerigorous,perhaps?OranalumninetworkthatIhopedwouldopendoorsdowntheline?Maybe."Idothinkthereareadvantagestoschoolswithmorerecognition,"notesMarybethGasman,aprofessorofhighereducationattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Idon'tnecessarilythinkthat'sareasontogotoone."[C]Inreflection,myfirmbeliefinthepowerofthebrandwasnaive,nottomentionabitsnobby.Iquicklypassedoverstateschoolsandsouthernschools,believingtheircurriculumstobeautomaticallyinferiortonortheasternorwesterncounterparts.Instead,IdreamedoflivinginNewYorkCityandmyparentsobligedmewithavisittoNewYorkUniversity's(NYU)campus.Duringthetour,tuitionfeeswerediscussed.(NYUisconsistentlyrankedoneofthecountry'smostexpensiveschools,withroomandboardcoststotalingupwardsof$64,000ayear.)Upuntilthen,Ihadn'ttrulyrealizedjusthowexpensiveaneducationcanbe.Overthenextfewmonths,IrealizednotonlycouldInotaffordmydreamschool,Icouldn'tevenaffordtheoneswhereI'dbeenaccepted.CityUniversityofNewYork(CUNY),RutgersUniversity,andIndianaUniversitywereoutofreachaswereMississippiStateandtheUniversityofAlabama,whereIwouldhavetopayout-of-statefees.Furthercomplicatingmycollegesearchwasaflourishingtrackcareer—Iwantedtokeeprunningbutmytimesweren'tquitefastenoughtosecureascholarship.[D]Andso,at11pmonthenightofGeorgiaStateUniversity's(GSU)midnightdeadline,Iappliedonline.RatedNo.466overallonForbes'ListsTopColleges,No.183inResearchUniversities,andNo.108intheSouth,Ican'tsayitwasmytopchoice.Still,thetrackcoachhadofferedmeawalk-onspot,andIactuallyfoundtheurbanAtlantacampusadecentconsolationprizeafterNewYorkCity.[E]Whileitmayhavebeenpractical,itwasn'tprestigious.Buthere'sthething:Ilovedmy"lower-tier"(低層次的)university.(Iusetheterm"low-tier"cautiously,becauseGSUisawell-regardedresearchinstitutionthatattractshighqualityprofessorsandfacultyfromalloverthecountry.)Wearetaughttobelievethatonlybygoingtothebestschoolsandgettingthebestgradescanweescapetheratraceandbuildabetterfuture.Butwhatiflower-tiercollegesanduniversitieswerethetickettoescapingtheratrace?Afterall,whereelsecanyouleaveschoolwithadecentdegree—butwithoutalifetimeofdebt?[F]Myschooldidn'tcomepre-packagedlikethemorepopularoptions,sowewerelefttotakecareofourselves,figuringoutcitylifeandtryingtocompletedegreeprogramsthatnoonewaschampioningforustosucceedin.WhatI'msayingis,Ilovedmyuniversitybecauseittaughtusalltoberesourcefulandwecouldmakewhatwewantedoutofit.[G]Iwasluckyenoughtohavemytuitioncoveredbyalottery-fundedscholarshipcalledHOPE(HelpingOutstandingPupilsEducationally).WhenIstartedcollege,theHOPEscholarshipwasfundedbythestateofGeorgiaandofferedtograduatinghighschoolseniorswithaGPAof3.0orhigher.LivingcostsandbooksIpaidforwithmoneyearnedduringhighschool,supplementedbyasmallcollegefundmydeceasedgrandfatherleftformeandamodestsavingsaccountmyparentscreatedwhenIwasborn.[H]Sowhataboutallthatnamerecognition?Sure,manyofmycolleaguesandcompetitorshavemoreglamorousalmamaters(母校)thanIdo.Asajournalist,IhavecompetedagainstNYU,Columbia,andNortheasterngraduatesforjobs.Andyet,notasingleinterviewerhaseveraskedmeaboutmyeducationalbackground.Infact,almosteveryinterviewI'veeverhadwasduetoaconnection—onethatI'vegainedthroughpuredetermination,notaschoolbrand.[I]AccordingtoTheBostonGlobe,studentswhoearnedtheirbachelor'sin2012haveanaveragemonthlyloanpaymentof$312,whichisone-thirdmorethanthosewhograduatedin2004.Ultimately,that'sthethinguniversitiesdon'twanttoadmit.Privateuniversitiesaremoney-makinginstitutions.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyprestige,that'syourchoice.Fortherestofus,however,ourheartylower-tiereduniversitiesarejustfine,thankyou.[J]Wealthyuniversitiestalkupthebenefitstheirnamewillgivegraduates:namely,strongalumninetworks,starfaculty,andaresumeboost.Butyouneedn'tattendanIvyLeagueschooltoreapthoserewards.LudacrisandtheformerCEOofBankofAmericaKenLewisarealumniofmycollege,aswellasVICE'sfirstfemaleeditor-in-chief,EllisJones.Successfulpeopletendtobesuccessfulnomatterwheretheygotoschool,andlower-tierschoolscanhavealumninetworksjustasstrongastheirbignamecounterparts.Infact,lower-tierschoolalumninetworksarearguablystronger,becausefellowalumnirecognizethatyoudidn'tnecessarilyhaveaneasypathtofollow.Theymightbemorewillingtooffercareerhelp,becauseyourlessfamousschooldenotesthat,likethem,youarealsofullofenergyandperseverance.[K]TheWashingtonPostreportedonarecentstudybyPrincetoneconomists,inwhichcollegegraduateswhoappliedtothemostselectiveschoolsinthe12thgradewerecomparedtothosewhoappliedtoslightlylessselectiveschools.Theyfoundthatstudentswithmorepotentialearnedmoreasadults,andthereverseheldtrueaswell,nomatterwheretheywenttoschool.[L]Likewise,starfacultyarenotalwaysfoundwhereyou'dexpect.Bignameschoolsarenotnecessarilythebestplacesforprofessors;plus,manyprofessorssplitteachingtimebetweenmultiplecollegesand/oruniversities.Thismeans,forinstance,aCUNYstudentcouldreasonablyexpecttoreceivethesamequalityofinstructionfromaprestigiousprofessorastheywouldiftheywereenrolledinthesameclassatNYU.[M]It'spossiblethatsomehiringmanagersmaybedrawntocandidateswithaparticulareducationalresume,butit'snoguarantee.Accordingtoa2012surveydescribedinTheAtlantic,collegereputationrankedlowestinrelativeimportanceofattributesinevaluatinggraduatesforhire,beatenoutbytopfactorslikeinternships,employmentduringcollege,collegemajor,volunteerexperience,andextracurriculars.[N]Maybestudentswhochooselessprestigiousuniversitiesareboundtosucceedbecausetheyaredeterminedto.Itendtothinkso.Inanycase,ifIcoulddoitagain,I'dstillmakethesamechoice.TodayI'mdebt-free,resourceful—andIunderstandthateventheshiniestpackagingcan'tpredictwhatyou'llfindontheinside.11、Modestinstitutionscanalsohavesuccessfulgraduatesandstrongalumninetworks.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：普通院校也可以擁有成功的畢業(yè)生以及強(qiáng)大的校友網(wǎng)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Modestinstitutions，successfulgraduates，strongalumninetworks分別與原文J段第四句中的lower-tierschools，Successfulpeople，alumninetworksjustasstrongas相對應(yīng)，題干是對J段第四句的同義替換。故本題選J。12、Themoneytheauthormadeinhighschoolhelpedpayforherlivingexpensesandbooksatcollege.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：作者在高中時賺的錢幫她支付了大學(xué)的生活費(fèi)和書本費(fèi)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Themoney…madeinhighschool，payfor…livingexpensesandbooks分別與原文G段最后一句中的earnedduringhighschool，Livingcostsandbooks…paid相對應(yīng)，theauthor指該句中的I，題干是對G段最后一句的同義替換。故本題選G。13、Theauthorcametoseehowcostlycollegeeducationcouldbewhenshewastryingtochooseauniversitytoattend.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：當(dāng)作者試圖選擇一所大學(xué)就讀時，她開始明白大學(xué)教育有多貴。題干的關(guān)鍵詞cametosee，cosily，collegeeducation分別與原文C段第五句中的realized，expensive，aneducation相對應(yīng)，題干是對C段第五句的同義替換。故本題選C。14、Arecentstudyfoundthatagraduate’ssalaryisdeterminedbytheirpotential,nottheuniversitytheyattended.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，畢業(yè)生的薪水取決于他們的潛力，而非他們上的大學(xué)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Arecentstudy，agraduate’ssalary，nottheuniversitytheyattended分別對應(yīng)原文K段第一句中的arecentstudy，第二句中的earnedmoreasadults和nomatterwheretheywenttoschool，題干是對K段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選K。15、Theauthorcannotrecallforsurewhatmadecertaintopuniversitiesappearalotbetter.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：作者記不清是什么讓某些頂尖大學(xué)顯得好很多。題干的關(guān)鍵詞cannotrecallforsure，topuniversities，appearalotbetter分別對應(yīng)原文B段第一句中的Can’trememberexactly，theseuniversities，seemsomuchbetter，題干是對B段第一句的同義替換。故本題選B。16、Noneoftheauthor’sjobinterviewerscaredwhichcollegeshewentto.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：沒有一個職位的面試官關(guān)心作者上的是哪所大學(xué)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Noneof…jobinterviewers，whichcollegeshewentto分別對應(yīng)原文H段第四句中的notasingleinterviewer，myeducationalbackground，題干是對H段第四句的同義替換。故本題選H。17、Theauthorthinksshedidtherightthinginchoosingalessprestigiousuniversity.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：作者認(rèn)為她選擇了一所不太知名的大學(xué)是正確的。題干的關(guān)鍵詞choosingalessprestigiousuniversity對應(yīng)原文N段第一句中的chooselessprestigiousuniversities，且由該段第三句可知，作者認(rèn)為自己作出的選擇是正確的，對應(yīng)題干關(guān)鍵詞shedidtherightthing，題干是對N段第一至三句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選N。18、Inordertobeadmittedtoaprestigiousuniversity,theauthortookpartinvariousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：為了考上名牌大學(xué)，作者參加了各種課外活動，還去上了備考課程。題干的關(guān)鍵詞beadmittedtoaprestigiousuniversity,theauthortookpartinvariousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses分別與A段第一句的gettingintotherightcollege，第二句的attendedmySAT,ACT,and…preparationcourses和第三句的Ijuggledcrosscountryandtrackschedules,newspaperstaff,andmychurch’syouthgroupanddramateam相對應(yīng)，題干是對A段第一至三句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選A。19、Theauthorlikedheruniversitywhichwasnotprestigiousbutlessexpensive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：作者喜歡她的大學(xué)，雖然不是很有聲望，但學(xué)費(fèi)不貴。題干的關(guān)鍵詞likedheruniversity，notprestigious，lessexpensive分別對應(yīng)原文E段第二句中的lovedmy…university和第一句中的wasn’tprestigious，practical。題干是對E段第一、二句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選E。20、Collegesarereluctanttoadmitthatgraduatestodayareinheavierdebt.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識點(diǎn)解析：題干：大學(xué)不愿意承認(rèn)現(xiàn)在的畢業(yè)生負(fù)債更多。題干的關(guān)鍵詞reluctanttoadmit對應(yīng)原文I段第二句中的don’twanttoadmit，且該段第一句指出大學(xué)生負(fù)債越來越多，對應(yīng)題干關(guān)鍵詞graduatestodayareinheavierdebt，題干是對I段第一、二句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選I。二、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Criticsofstandardizedtestshavehadplentyofreasonstocelebratelately.Morethanthree-quartersofcollegesarenotrequiringtheSATortheACTforadmissionsthisfall,anall-timehigh.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)'sannouncementonMondaythatitisreinstatingatestingrequirementforfall2023admissionswasamajordeparturefromtheserecenttrends.DroppingtheSAT,itturnsout,actuallyhurtslow-incomestudents,ratherthanhelpingthem.Studentsfromricherfamilies,onaverage,scorehigherontheSATandotherstandardizedteststhanstudentsfrompoorerones.Someresearchersthereforedismissstandardizedtestsasnothingmorethanasubstituteforasking,"Areyourich?"Buttheincome-relateddisparitiesweseeinSATscoresarenotevidenceofanunfairtest.Theyareevidenceofanunfairsociety.Thetestmeasuresdifferencesinacademicpreparedness,includingtheabilitytowriteaclearsentence,tounderstandacomplexpassage,andtosolveamathematicalproblem.TheSATdoesn'tcreateinequalitiesintheseacademicskills.Itrevealsthem.Throwingthemeasurementawaydoesn'tremedyunderlyinginjusticesinchildren'sacademicopportunities,anymorethanthrowingathermometerawaychangestheweather.Studiesofundergraduateinstitutionsandothereducationalstageshavefoundthatstandardizedtestingimprovestherepresentationoflow-incomestudents,becausetestingreplacesmoreflawedindicatorsofstudentreadiness.WhenthestateofMichiganrequiredeveryhigh-schoolstudenttotaketheACTortheSAT,itsawanincreaseinthenumberoflow-incomestudentsattendingfour-yearcolleges.Thesestudiessuggestthatthebestpolicymightactuallybetofacilitatemorehigh-schoolstudentstakingtheSAT,notabandonitentirely.Standardizedtesting,inequitableasitmightbe,ismoreequitablethananyothercriterion.Therearerealbarrierstothefairuseofstandardizedtestingthateducatorsandpolicymakersshouldaddress.Currently,justsigningupfortheSATortheGREisextremelyexpensiveformanystudents,asarecollege-applicationfees,andmanystudentsmightnotevenconsidertakingthetest.Free,accessible,universaltestingwouldhelpremovethesebarriers.Ultimately,though,Americansmustrecognizethatimprovingadmissionspoliciesatelitefour-yearcollegesisquiteinsufficienttoaddressthelargerproblemofsocialinequality.Afterall,fewerthanhalfofAmericanhighschoolersenrollinfour-yearcolleges.Inrecentyears,lifehasgottenworse,innearlyeverypossibleway,forpeoplewithoutacollegedegreeintheU.S.ParticipationinhighereducationhasbecomeabottleneckinAmericansociety.Standardizedtestingcanmakepassagethroughthatbottleneckfairer,butwemustalsoconsiderhowtomakethebottleneckwider,andprovidepeoplewithmorediverseopportunitiestobuildagoodlife—regardlessofwhethertheygetintoMIT.21、WhatdowelearnfromthepassageabouttheMIT’sannouncement?A、Itwentagainstrecenttrends.B、Ithasdrawnfiercecriticism.C、Itsetanexampleforothercolleges.D、Ithashurtlow-incomestudents.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞MIT’sannouncement定位至第一段第三句，該句指出MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)’sannouncementonMondaythatitisreinstatingatestingrequirementforfall2023admissionswasamajordeparturefromtheserecenttrends(麻省理工學(xué)院周一宣布2023年秋季招生將恢復(fù)考試要求，這與最近的趨勢背道而馳)，A項(xiàng)“這與最近的趨勢背道而馳”是對第三句的同義替換。故本題選A。B項(xiàng)“它招致了激烈的批評”和C項(xiàng)“它為其他大學(xué)樹立了榜樣”均屬于無中生有。D項(xiàng)“它不利于來自低收入家庭的學(xué)生”與第一段第四句“取消SAT考試實(shí)際上對來自低收入家庭的學(xué)生有不良影響”表述不符，原文說的是DroppingtheSAT…h(huán)urtslow-incomestudents，而非該項(xiàng)中的hashurtlow-incomestudents，原文意在說明一種“影響”，而非“結(jié)果”。22、WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthrowingtheSATaway?A、Itwillenablestudentstofocusonnonacademicfields.B、Itwillmakeithardforstudentstoimproveacademicabilities.C、Itwon’tremovetheinequalityofacademicopportunities.D、Itwillbestronglyopposedbyricherstudents.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞throwingtheSATaway定位至第二段最后一句，其中theSAT對應(yīng)最后一句中的也emeasurement。由最后一句Throwingthemeasurementawaydoesn’tremedyunderlyinginjusticesinchildren’sacademicopportunities(拋棄這一衡量手段并不能改善孩子們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會中潛在的不平等現(xiàn)象)可知，C項(xiàng)“它不會消除學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)會中的不平等”是對最后一句的同義替換。故本題選C。A項(xiàng)“它將使學(xué)生能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂诜菍W(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域”和B項(xiàng)“它將使學(xué)生很難提高學(xué)術(shù)能力”均屬于無中生有。D項(xiàng)“它將遭到富裕學(xué)生的強(qiáng)烈反對”是對第二段第一句“平均來看，來自富裕家庭的學(xué)生在SAT等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試中得分較高”的過度推斷。23、WhatdoestheauthorimplybycitingtheexampleofMichiganhigh-schools?A、Poorerstudentsaremorediligentthanricherones.B、Standardizedtestingbenefitslow-incomestudents.C、TheACTandtheSATarenotequitableenough.D、Morehigh-schoolstudentshavetakentheSAT.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Michiganhigh-schools定位至第三段第二句，該句無法解題，需查看上下文。第一句指出standardizedtestingimprovestherepresentationoflow-incomestudents(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試提高了來自低收入家庭的學(xué)生的代表性)，B項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試有利于低收入學(xué)生”是對第一句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選B。A項(xiàng)“貧窮的學(xué)生比富裕的學(xué)生更勤奮”原文未提及，屬于無中生有。C項(xiàng)“ACT和SAT考試不夠公平”與第三段最后一句“盡管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試可能有不公平之處，但它比任何其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都更公平”表述不符，并非這兩項(xiàng)考試不夠公平，且這并非例子所要論證的論點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“更多的高中生參加了SAT考試”利用第三段第三句“這些研究表明，上上之策實(shí)際上可能是促使更多的高中生參加SAT考試”設(shè)置干擾，且這并非例子所要論證的論點(diǎn)。24、Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?A、Collegesshouldincreasetheenrollmentofhighschoolers.B、Moreopportunitiesbesidesgoingtocollegeshouldbeprovided.C、Standardizedtestingisthekeytoaddresssocialinequality.D、Itisessentialfortheyouthtodaytogetacollegedegree.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelastparagraph定位至最后一段。最后一段首句指出改進(jìn)四年制精英大學(xué)的招生政策對于解決更大的社會不平等問題來說是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，由此可初步判斷B項(xiàng)正確。結(jié)合最后一段第五句可知，我們必須為人們提供更多的機(jī)會來構(gòu)建美好的生活，無論他們是否考上大學(xué)。B項(xiàng)“除了上大學(xué)，還應(yīng)該提供更多樣化的機(jī)會”是對最后一段第一句和最后一句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選B。A項(xiàng)“大學(xué)應(yīng)該增加高中生的入學(xué)人數(shù)”屬于無中生有。C項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試是解決社會不平等問題的關(guān)鍵”與最后一段第一句“改進(jìn)大學(xué)招生政策(即提供免費(fèi)、方便、普及的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試)對于解決更大的社會不平等問題來說是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的”表述不符。D項(xiàng)“對于當(dāng)今的年輕人來說，獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位是至關(guān)重要的”是對最后一段第三句“近年來，美國沒有大學(xué)學(xué)位的人的生活幾乎在方方面面都變得更糟了”的過度推斷。25、Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A、MITtakestheleadinrestoringtheSAT.B、HowtohelpstudentsgethigherSATscores?C、Standardizedtestingisn’twhat’sunfair.D、Howtomakehighereducationmoreaccessible?標(biāo)