ChapterTwoResearchandReflectionWhenitcomestourismtranslation,themostimportantistodescribeaboutthehotspotssceneryintroductionandtoshowitscharacteristicswithinChineseculture.Inordertomaketargetlanguagereadersgetthesamefeelingwithoriginallanguagelearners,therearefourpartsinthispassage,thetranslatorwillanalyzeanddiscussthefourtranslationprinciplesadoptedinthepassage..2.1TheanalysisofsourcecontextThepracticesponsoredbythetranslatorisabouttourismtranslation,whichischosenfromBOUNDLESSSHOOTING,isattractingtourismintroduction.BecauseofthegreatdifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish，thetranslatorshouldbeconcernedaboutculturedifferenceintranslation,soitisimportanttoshowthecorrespondingmeaninginthetargetlanguage,notjusttheformalequivalence.Thetourismspotsarechosenfromabookthatdescribesthetourismscenery.TheintroductionisfullofancientChinesecharacteristics.Therefore,itisdifferentforforeignerstounderstandtheclassicalChinesecultureexpression.SounderthepracticeofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheory,bytranslatingthecomplexdialoguesintotargetlanguage,itwillbecomemucheasier.Soitisacceptablethatequivalencecanbeadoptedinthetranslationpractice.2.2TheapplicationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryintotourismtranslationInNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,NidadefinestranslationastosendthesameoriginalmessageinsociallanguageandlanguagecommounciationfunctionbyusingthemostrelevantequivalencefactorInordertoachieveitsexpectedgoal,thetranslatorshouldtranslatethecontextincludingmessage.thewaytheyusetotalk,thepassagestylistic,languagecultureandthesocialfactor.2.2.3StylisticequivalenceDifferenttranslationhasitsuniquelanguagecharacteristic,thedifferentlanguagestylisticanddifferentculturefactors.Forexample,inapoemtranslation,thetranslatorshouldreflectitsinnermeaning,stylisticandtheoriginalwriter'spassagethinkingandthepoemculture.Soitcanbeshownthatinthetourismtranslation,itshouldbeconciseanddistinct.Itshouldbeeasilytoreadandremember.Thetranslationshouldhighlighttheuniquelocalcultureandthestoryofitsspots.Thentherewillbemoreforeigntouriststogetknowaboutspots,toachievebetterpublicity.Forexamplethesentenceinoriginalpassage.Originaltext:陽(yáng)春三月，半山之上花紅柳綠、云海相擁，更是襯得蒼山雪景冰清玉潔，堪與阿爾卑斯山媲美。Translationtext:InMarch,atthehalfwayofmountaintherearebrightredblossomsandgreenwillows,acrosscloudssea,makesthepureCangshansnow,isonaparwithAlps.Interpretation:UndertheblackboardofChineseculture,addsomefactorsthattargetlanguagereaderscanacceptismuchbetter.Inthissentence,thereareChinesefour-characteridiomsposegreatdifficultytotranslation.Thetranslatorreproducethestylesandcharacteristicstoexplainthesentence.2.2.4TextualequivalenceTextualequivalenceshouldremainthepassage'ssemanticcontentandhavethesameofexpressionfeaturesinpartoforiginalpassage.Originaltext:石林撒尼人是彝族的一個(gè)支系，世代與石林共生共息，創(chuàng)造出以“阿詩(shī)瑪”為代表的彝族文化?！鞍⒃?shī)瑪”不僅代表了石林的形象，也代表了云南省的旅游形象。Translation:ThegroupsthatcreateAshimaasrepresentiveofYinationalitycultureareSanipeoplewhohavelivedwithShilinforgenerations，andtheyarethebranchofYinationalityAshimarepresentsShilinimageaswellasYunnanprovinceimage.Interpretation:Inthistext,roughlytranslateas“TheSanipeoplearethepartofYinationality,theyhavelivedtogetherandhavecommonbenefit.”Itisverbosetotranslatelikethis,becauseitisChinglishthatjustbetranslatedword-for-word.Inordertomakethetargetreadersacceptmoreeasily,thetranslatortranslatortranslatethesentencelikethetranslationtext.Originaltext:月色，水光，舟影、槳聲融合在一起，形成一幅優(yōu)美的圖畫(huà)。Translation:TotallyfollowingthecustomsofBainationality,theBaifishingvillageacrosstheErhaiwillgoboatinginErhai,enjoyingthegoldenmoon,themoonscenery,thewatersaswellasboatshallowandthecreakofoars,whenitcomestotheMid-autumnfestivals.Interpretation:Translationofscenerydescriptionisadifficultpartintourismtranslation.Referringtothesentence,thetranslatortriestoexpressthesentencemeaning.Thoughthetranslationalittledifferentfromthesourcetext,thetranslatorusesexplainingwordstotranslatethesentence.2.3TheanalysisoftheapplicationskillsActuallyintranslation,thetranslatormainlytakesdomesticatingtranslationinpaper,theyalsochoosefreetranslationandreductiontodealwithmanyproblemsduringthetranslationwork.Tourismspotsintroductionusuallyuseakindoftermthatiscolloquial.Translationword-for-wordmayresultintheversionunintelligiblewhichdisagreeswidelyinEnglishusage.However,thepapershouldbestraightforwardandexpressthetruefeelingsinfreetranslationadoptionthatcancommounciatetheexpressionwithsourcelanguage.Forexample,intheoriginalcontext,thesentence“活水如云”doesn’tmeansthewaterjustlikethecloud.Fromthecontext,whendescribeaboutKunming’strafficcondition,itmeansthatalotofpassengersacrosstheroad.So,itismuchappropriatetotranslateitasThepedestrianscomeandgojustlikeanendlessstream.Anothersentence“位于昆明呈貢縣的斗南鎮(zhèn)，是全國(guó)鮮花市場(chǎng)的心臟.”Inthissentence,itdoesn’tmeanthatDounantownistheheartofChina’sflowermarket.Actually,theword“心臟”isusedtostressthegreatimportanceofDounantowninthewholeflowermarket.Thereforethissentenceshouldbetranslatedas“Dounantown,locatedinKunmingZhengong,whichisthemarketcentreofChina’sflowermarket.2.4TranslationreflectionInthispassage,thetranslatortranslatetheplacenames.Actually,Chineseplacenamestranslationisatypicalspecialproblem.Andtranslatorcanusetwocommomlywaystodealwiththiscondition,namely,foreignizationanddomestication.Innameofpeopleandplacetranslation,thetranslatorshouldtakeculturalintoaccount.Therearesomeplacenamessuchas“云南,昆明，大理，蒼山，麗江，洱海”translatedstraightlyas“Yunnan,Kunming,Dali,Cangshan,Lijiang,Erhai.”Morever,therealsosomewordshavedeepmeanings,suchas“共生共息”and“冰清玉潔.”Thetranslatorthinkthatthesewordsthoughgenerallyusedtodescribepeople,butinthispaper,theyareadopedtodescribetherelationshipbetweenSaninationaliyandstoneforestandthebeautifulsceneryofsnowinCangshan.Thetranslatortranslate“共生共息”into“havecommonbenefitandlivetogether.”BecausethiswordsinthepapertellthecloserelationbetweenSanipeopleandstoneforest.Soitisappropriatetoshowinthisway.Theword“冰清玉潔”istranslatedinto“thepureCangshansnow”.ForthereasonthatthiswordisusedtodescribethebeautifulsnowsceneryinCangshan.Inshort,inadditiontomasteralltechniques,freeusagesaremuchmoreimportant.Thetranslationshouldbeflexiblesoastoachieveasmuchculturalequivalenceaspossible.ChapterThreeConclusionTourismtranslationabidesbythemainprinciplesoftheliterarytranslation,themostimportantistosendthesourcepassagemeaning.Thetourismpassageisobviouseasytounderstand,andalotofdescriptionsaboutsceneryareapparentlyeasytobeacceptedbytargetreaders,sotranslatorschoosepassagesinthisbook.Second,thetourismtranslationalsohassomelimits,itmayhavesomewordsthatunderstoodreaders,itmayremainpoemthattranslatorsmustsenditsdeeplymeaning,anditshouldbeshortandsimplythatreaderscanrememberitquickly.Sothetourismtranslationshouldbenotonlysimplebutalsofullysendthemeaning.Accordingtothetranslation，thereadersrealizethemostimportantthingisthathowtomakethetargetreadersreceivethemessagesassoonaspossible.However,thetranslatorfindsitisnoteasytoadoptthefourprinciplesinfunctionalequivalence.AsNidasaid,Sincenotranslationisevercompletelyequivalent,Anumberofdifferenttranslationcaninfactrepresentvarydegreeofequivalence.So,equivalencedoesn’tmeansthetranslatedversionandtheoriginalversionarequitethesamenumerically.Itisonlybeunderstoodasproximity,namely,onthebasisofdegreeofclosenesstofunctionalidentity.Despiteallofthis,therearesomeimperfectionsinthispaper,butthetranslatortriestoavoidthemandmakethetargetreadersexperiencethecharmoftheChineseculture.Accordingtothetranslationpractice,thetranslatorhasarenewedsenseintranslation.Thetranslatoristhesubjectoftranslation,sothetranslatorshouldgivefullplaytohisabilityonthebasisofdevelopingprevioustheorists’achievementstoachieverealculturalcommunication.Thepaper’sresearchoftheapplicationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryintosubtitletranslationisbasedonthepersonaltranslationpractice.However,thetranslatorislackofliteraryknowledgeandtranslationexperience,sothedepthofthepaperhasafewlimitations.Inaddition,theauthorishopefulthattherearemoreChineseanimationsaregainingfavor,andmoreandmoreforeignerslearnaboutChineseculture.Bibliography[1]BakerM.Routledge,EncyclopediaofTranslati