2022年上海市高考英語試卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A.Aboxofcupcakes.B.Asoupspoon.C.Apacketofsugar.D.Acupofcoffee.2．A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Interested.D.Crazy.3．A.Givingawardstostudents.B.Buyingagiftforhisson.C.Sellingnewtoystocustomers.D.Interviewingtobecomeatraindriver.4．A.Sheshouldn'tgooutwithanotebook.B.Sheshouldhavebeenmorecarefulandshecanonlyblameherself.C.Sheshouldpayattentiontothenotebookonthebench.D.Sheshouldn'ttakethelossofhernotebooktoheart.5．A.Theirtravelplaninthecity.B.Theirexhibitioninthegallery.C.Theirexperienceinthememorialhall.D.Theirjourneyinthecitymap.6．A.Sheisachessteacher.B.Sheisindifferenttoherchessprogress.C.Shesignedupforthechessgame.D.Shehasn'ttouchedthechessboardforalongtime.7．A.Thelightsettings.B.Thestagebackground.C.Theperformancestyle.D.Thestoryline.8．A.Theopen﹣airmovieintheforestpark.B.Theflowershowintheforestpark.C.Theclosingperformanceofsportsmeeting.D.Theopeningperformanceoftheforestpark.9．A.Kateisasocialphobic（恐懼的）patient.B.Kate'sdistinctpersonalityisnormal.C.Kateoftenloseshertemperwithherclassmates.D.Kate'sstrangepersonalityaffectsherdailylife.10．A.Heneedstofixthebudgetofthehotel.B.HemustgettoBeijingontime.C.Hecanstayatherparents'house.D.HewantstovisithisparentsinBeijing.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．A.About1，400.B.About3，000.C.About1，900.D.About2，000.12．A.Ithasalonghistory.B.Ithasnotyetachievedcommercialsuccess.C.Itonlysellsfruitatitsstall.D.Itstartedfromnothing.13．A.ThesuccessstoryofKittenCoffee.B.ThehistoryofEverbrown.C.Thesecretofbusinesssuccess.D.Theadvantagesofdiversifiedproducts.14．A.Itneedsscissorstobeopenedforuse.B.Ithaslaunchedmorethan30products.C.Itismaterial﹣efficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itsreputationamongsellersisverypoor.15．A.Ithasputforwardeffectiveinitiatives.B.Ithasreachedthepeakofproductupgrading.C.Ithasofferedawiderangeofproducts.D.Itonlyintroducestheproductthroughvideoclips.16．A.Diversifieddesignofpackagingmaterials.B.Workinghardtopromoteproductdevelopment.C.Innovativeinitiativesofe﹣commercepioneers.D.Anewwayofpackaging：that'sfrustration﹣free.17．A.Theman'stripinParisasanexchangestudent.B.Theman'saccommodationinParisasanexchangestudent.C.Theman'scourseplaninParisasanexchangestudent.D.Theman'sdailydietinParisasanexchangestudent.18．A.Thetalentapartmentoutsidetheschoolischeaper.B.Thehostfamilyiswillingtoprovidehimwithaccommodation.C.Theroommatehassharedanapartmentwithhim.D.Theschooldoesn'thaveanon﹣campusdormitoryforexchangestudents.19．A.Hemaywanttovisitfamousscenicspots.B.Hemayhaveatightschedule.C.Hemaywanthisfamilytoaccompanyhim.D.Hemayneedachauffeurtotakehimtoschool.20．A.Helikestofinishtheexperimentwithhisclassmates.B.Hewantstosplittherenttosavemoney.C.Hehopestohavethesameschedulewithhisroommate.D.Hejustwantstohitchhike（搭順風車）toclass.II.GrammarandVocabulary?SectionA?Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．HowtoStartaNewBusinessAnentrepreneurisapersonwhocreates，launches，andbeginsanewbusiness，typicallyinresponsetoamarketdemandthathasnotbeenmet.Entrepreneursareoftenimaginative，self﹣motivatedindividualswhodevelopfull﹣time，successful，andsustainablebusinesses.Successfulentrepreneursfrequentlyhaverelevantinsights，expertise，andadvicetheymayofferaspiringentrepreneurstoaid（1）ontheirrespectivepaths.Interviewingentrepreneursmightprovideinsightintothestepstheytook（2）（achieve）success.Hereistheinterviewofentrepreneur﹣relatedquestions，andyouwillfindmorepreparationsforit.Question：Howwouldyoudescribeanentrepreneur？Answer：Anindividualwhoestablishesandexpandstheirowncompanythroughinnovativestrategies（3）（know）asanentrepreneur.Duringtheexpansionoftheircompanies，entrepreneursareresponsibleforseveralimportanttasksinadditiontocashgeneration.Anentrepreneurperceivesacommercialneedintheirsociety，（4）（develop）anideaforabusiness，andthentakestheinitiativetostarttheirfirm.Supposeabusinessideadoesnotcenteronproducingaproductthatfillsagapinthe（5）（exist）market.Inthatcase，itmostoftencentersonapplyingtechnicaladvancementstosimplifytheprocessofobtainingaproductorservice.Question：Howdoentrepreneursidentifybusinessprospects？Answer：Entrepreneursroutinelyseekchancestoexpandorincreasetheircompany'srevenues.Theydeterminewhichproducttoincludeandwhichmarkettoenter.Anentrepreneurshouldlistentoprospectivecustomersandlookforchancestobuilditemsthatmeettheirdemands.Anentrepreneurcandetermine（6）otherbusinessesintheareaaredoingandhowtheysucceedbyconductingacompetitiveanalysis.Thistechniquemayinvolveconductingaphysicalsurveyorreadingindustry﹣specificmaterials.Conversationswithconsumersalsofacilitatetheidentificationoftheirfrustrationsandnegativeexperiences，（7）theymayusetoenhanceafirm.Question：Whatmakesanentrepreneursuccessful？Answer：（8）anentrepreneur，youarebothyourmanagerandthemanagerofothers.Toachievesuccess，youmustpossessawiderangeofabilities.Anentrepreneurmustbeabletomanagepeople，abudget，operations，andincertaincases，investors.Itnecessitatesaworkstyle（9）（characterize）bymultitaskingandplanningforthefirm'sshort﹣andlong﹣termgoals.（10）successfulentrepreneurmustbeabletospendhistimewisely，regularlyanalyzingandprioritizingprojectsbasedontheirrelevanceandsignificance.Itincludesengaginginshort﹣andlong﹣termplanning，economicforecasts，andmarketresearch.SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．A.pursuitsB.interestsC.comparableD.innovationE.scheduleF.optionsG.realizationH.routesI.subjectsJ.recipesK.motivatedCreativityIsaHumanQualityThatExistsinUsWhenyouthinkaboutcreativity，itmightbehighlycreativepeoplelikeMozart，DaVinciorEinsteinwhospringtomind.Theywereallconsideredtobe"geniuses"fortheirsomewhatuniquetalentsthatledtoglobal（1）intheirfields.Theirtypeofcreativityiswhat'sknownas"BigCcreativity"（orhistorical）andisnotverycommonineverydaylife.Notallofuscancreateworksofartormusicorscientifictheoriesthatarenewtotheworld.Butwhilewecan'tallbeMozart，DaVinciorEinstein，manypeopledoenjoycreativeactivity—throughhobbiessuchaswatercolourpaintingorplayingthepiano.Andthesetypesof（2）areoftenwhatpeoplethinkofwhenaskedwhatbeingcreativelookslike.Ourfinishedpiecesmaynotbe（3）withthelikesofthegreatmasters，butoftentheprocessistherapeuticandtheendresultcanbeaestheticallypleasing.Ontopofhobbiesand（4），weallpossesscreativeattributesthatcanhelpaswesolvelife'sproblemsandmakedecisions.Itisthistypeofcreativitythatenablesustoplandifferent（5）togettothesamedestination，orhowtofitinatriptothesupermarketwhenour（6）looksfull.Itmightnotsoundverycreative，butthisaspectofcreativityreliesonourabilitytoconsider（7）andassesstheirsuitability，aswellashowtomakedecisionsbasedonpersonalpriorexperienceorwhatwehavelearntformallyorinformally.Theseexamplesareknownas"SmallCcreativity"or"personaleverydaycreativity".WhileBigCcreativityisvaluedandcelebrated，itisoftenSmallCcreativitythathasallowedhumanstoflourishoverthousandsofyears.Itsetsusapartfromotheranimalsanditisalsothetypeofcreativitywhichcanbefosteredthroughoureducationsystemandbeyondintotheworkplace.Traditionally，researchtellsusthatcreativityhasbeenlargelyassociatedwiththearts.Ourpreviousresearchhasshownthatteachersareoftenabletogiveexamplesofcreativeactivityinarts（8），butfindithardertodosowhenaskedtodescribecreativityinsubjectssuchasscience.Butthereisagrowing（9）thatopportunitiestobecreativearefoundacrossabroaderrangeofsubjects.Forinstance，engineeringprovidesopportunitiestobeCreativethroughproblemsolving，andhistorygivestheopportunitytothinkcreativelyaboutwhyeventshappened，andwhat（10）thoseinvolved.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．Afillerwordisanapparentlymeaninglessword，phrase，orsoundthatmarksapauseorhesitationinspeech.Alsoknownasapausefillerorhesitationform.SomeofthecommonfillerwordsinEnglishareum，uh，er，ah，like，okay，right，andyouknow.Althoughfillerwords"mayhavefairlyminimallexical（詞匯的）content，"noteslinguistBarbaraA.Fox，"theycanplayastrategicsyntactic（句法的）roleina（n）（1）conversation".Whatappearstobeafillerwordmayalsobeaholophrase（整句字）（2）thecontext."Hey，hey，shh，shh，shh.Comeon.Besensitivetothefactthatotherpeoplearenotcomfortabletalkingaboutemotional（3）.Um，youknow，Iam，I'mfinewiththat，but...otherpeople"."ModernlinguistsledbyLeonardBloomfieldin1933callthese'hesitationforms'—thesoundsofstammering（uh），stuttering（um，um），throat﹣clearing（ahem!），stalling（well，um，thatis），interjectedwhenthespeakerissearchingwordsor（4）forthenextthought."Youknowthaty'knowisamongthemostcommonofthese（5）forms.Itsmeaningisnottheimperious'youunderstand'oreventheoldinterrogatory'doyougetit'？Itisgivenas，andtakentobe，merelyafillerphrase，（6）tofillabeatintheflowofsound，notunlikelike，initsnewsenseof，like，afillerword…Thesestaplesofmodernfillercommunication—Imean，y'know，like—canalsobeusedas'tee﹣upwords'.Inoldentimes，pointerphrasesortee﹣upwordsweregetthis，wouldyoubelieve？andareyouready？The（7）oftheserib﹣nudgingphraseswas—areyouready—tomakethepoint，tofocusthelistener'sattentiononwhatwastofollow...Ifthe（8）istoteeupapoint，weshouldaccepty'knowanditsfriendsasamildly（9）spokenpunctuation，thearticulatedcolon（冒號）thatsignals'focusonthis'…Ifthepurposeistograbamomenttothink，weshouldallowourselvestowonder：Whyarefillerphrasesneededatall？What（10）thespeakertofillthemomentofsilencewithanysoundatall？Whydosomepeoplefilltheairwithnon﹣wordsandsounds？Forsome，itisasignofnervousness；theyfearsilenceandexperiencespeaker（11）.RecentresearchatColumbiaUniversitysuggestsanotherreason.Columbiapsychologistsguessedthatspeakersfillpauseswhen（12）forthenextword.Toinvestigatethis（13），theycountedtheuseoffillerwordsusedbylecturersinbiology，chemistry，andmathematics，wherethesubjectmatterusesscientificdefinitionsthatlimitthevarietyofwordchoices（14）tothespeaker.TheythencomparedthenumberoffillerwordsusedbyteachersinEnglish，arthistory，andphilosophy，wherethesubjectmatterisless（15）andmoreopentowordchoices.（1）A.undertakingB.discoveringC.dislikingD.unfolding（2）A.dependingonB.holdingupC.takingoverD.arrangingfor（3）A.appliancesB.substancesC.disturbancesD.finances（4）A.onthecontraryB.atalossC.atdawnD.onnoaccount（5）A.perseveranceB.complexityC.hesitationD.obligation（6）A.intendedB.attendedC.pretendedD.extended（7）A.interestB.experienceC.advantageD.function（8）A.architectureB.purposeC.completionD.random（9）A.annoyingB.strikingC.entertainingD.embarrassing（10）A.oppressesB.recyclesC.highlightsD.motivates（11）A.dangerB.anxietyC.figureD.sculpture（12）A.botheringB.inspectingC.searchingD.accomplishing（13）A.ideaB.chanceC.basisD.feedback（14）A.feasibleB.credibleC.considerableD.available（15）A.well﹣matchedB.well﹣definedC.well﹣bredD.well﹣perceivedSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．ContemporaryartistNickSmithcreatespixelated（像素化的）workswithhandplacedcolour﹣chips，synonymouswithcolourswatches（色塊），cleverlycombiningtextandimagetocreateinterestingandfascinatingcollaged（拼貼的）works.WithapreviouscareerinInteriorDesignspanning11years，Nickreferenceshisconceptdesignbackgroundthroughouthiswork，reworkingthedesignaestheticusinguniquecolourswatchesinhand﹣madecollages，placinghisworkfirmlyinthefineartcategory.Fromhisfirstcollageexperimentbackin2011ofWarhol's'Marilyn'，whenheassembledatessellation（鑲嵌技術(shù)）ofswatchesasachallenge，thiseventuallyinspiredhiscareerasanartistanddeterminedhisuniquestyleheisnowknownfor.Themulti﹣layeredelementofhiswork，whichmarriesimageandword，allowsNicktoexplorecomplexart﹣historicalconcepts.Thetextemployedisoftennarrative，whichcanbereadinsequenceaddinganotherelementofintrigueandinteresttothework.Thisadditionalelementoftext，placedundertheemptyspaceofeachswatch，createseithercomplimentaryorsubversivemeanings.Nickdeliberatelyleavestheseword/imageconstructionsopentoviewerinterpretation，sparkingnewdebatesandmeanings.EachP﹣series，suchasPsycolourgy2015，Purgatory2019，explorescomplicatedlyresearchedconcepts，whicharealwaysthecrucialstartingpointforeachnewseriesofwork.Producinglarge﹣scaleworkstomicro﹣chipcollages，andmultipleselloutprinteditions，Nickcontinuestodevelophispopularandrecognisableart.PSYCOLOURGY—January2015LawrenceAlkinGallery，LondonSmith'sdebutsoloexhibitionwithLawrenceAlkinGalleryinSoho，London，launchedhisuniquevisualreworkingofclassicpaintingsfromthe20thCenturycanon.Universallyknownworks，includingDavidHockney's'TheBiggerSplash'，AndyWarhol's'SoupCans'andLeonardodaVinci's'MonaLisa'wereallrecast，creatingoriginalcollagesthatenquireideasofdepiction，digitalisationandrecognition.Aselloutshow，withnumeroussuccessfulsubsequentprintreleases，PsycolourgyforgedSmith'spathtoaplaceamongBritain'snotablecontemporaryartists.PURGATORY﹣December2019Context，ArtMiamiPurgatoryisashiny，sticky，glossyexplorationofoursocietiesattitudeandapproachtoourexcess，addictionsanddesires.ExcerptsfromDante'sPurgatoryarewoventhroughcolourfulworksdepictingpopularcovetableconsumables，creatingsymbolicrepresentationsofthesevensins.Danteexplorespossiblepenance（懺悔）forourearthlysufferingleadingtospiritualgrowth.Theresultsofthesepairingsofferahumorous，nostalgicandsubversiveopportunitytoquestionourchoices，ourhistoryandourfuture.（1）WhatmadeNicklaunchhisartcareer？A.Hisdeeploveoffascinatingcollagedworks.B.HisfirstcollageworkWarhol's'Marilyn'.C.Thechallengeofpiecingatessellationofswatches.D.Thecollageexperimentdatingbackto2012.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetextNickusesistrue？A.Histextcontainsconceptsofart.B.Histextisusuallyillustrative.C.Histextcanbereadsequentially.D.Histextelementsareverysimple.（3）WhatdoweknowaboutPSYCOLOURGY？A.ItopenedSmith'suniquevisualreinventionofclassic21th﹣centurypaintings.B.DavidHockney's'MonaLisa'hasbeenrecreatedbyLawrenceAlkinGallery.C.Theoriginalcollagesaffirmtheideasofdepiction，digitisationandrecognition.D.ItopenedSmith'spathtobecomingoneofBritain'sleadingcontemporaryartists.（4）Whatisthetopicofthispassage？A.Someusefulwaystocreatecollagedworks.B.ThelifeofcontemporaryartistNickSmith.C.InformationaboutPsycolourgyandPurgatory.D.TheintroductiontoNickSmith'sworks.18．Thescientificmethodusesaseriesofstepstoestablishfactsorcreateknowledge.Theoverallprocessiswellestablished，butthespecificsofeachstepmaychangedependingonwhatisbeingexaminedandwhoisperformingit.Thescientificmethodcanonlyanswerquestionsthatcanbeprovenordisproventhroughtesting.Makeanobservationoraskaquestion.Thefirststepistoobservesomethingthatyouwouldliketolearnaboutoraskaquestionthatyouwouldlikeanswered.Thesecanbespecificorgeneral.Someexampleswouldbe"Iobservethatourtotalavailablenetworkbandwidthdropsatnooneveryweekday"or"Howcanweincreaseourwebsiteregistrationnumbers？"Takingthetimetoestablishawell﹣definedquestionwillhelpyouinlatersteps.Gatherbackgroundinformation.Thisinvolvesdoingresearchintowhatisalreadyknownaboutthetopic.Thiscanalsoinvolvefindingifanyonehasalreadyaskedthesamequestion.Createahypothesis.Ahypothesisisanexplanationfortheobservationorquestion.Ifprovenlater，itcanbecomeafact.Someexampleswouldbe"Ouremployeeswatchingonlinevideosduringlunchisusingourinternetbandwidth"or"Ourwebsitevisitorsdon'tseeourregistrationform."Createapredictionandperformatest.Createatestablepredictionbasedonthehypothesis.Thetestshouldestablishanoticeablechangethatcanbemeasuredorobservedusingempiricalanalysis.Itisalsoimportanttocontrolforothervariablesduringthetest.Someexampleswouldbe"Ifweblockvideo﹣sharingsites，ouravailablebandwidthwillnotgodownsignificantlyduringlunch"or"Ifwemakeourregistrationboxbigger，agreaterpercentageofvisitorswillregisterforourwebsitethanbeforethechange."Analyzetheresultsanddrawaconclusion.Usethemetricsestablishedbeforethetestseeiftheresultsmatchtheprediction.Forexample，"Afterblockingvideo﹣sharingsites，ourbandwidthutilizationonlywentdownby10%frombefore；thisisnotenoughofachangetobetheprimarycauseofthenetworkcongestion"or"Afterincreasingthesizeoftheregistrationbox，thepercentofsign﹣upswentfrom2%oftotalpageviewsto5%，showingthatmakingtheboxlargerresultsinmoreregistrations."Sharetheconclusionordecidewhatquestiontoasknext：Documenttheresultsofyourexperiment.Bysharingtheresultswithothers，youalsoincreasethetotalbodyofknowledgeavailable.Yourexperimentmayhavealsoledtootherquestions，orifyourhypothesisisdisprovenyoumayneedtocreateanewoneandtestthat.Forexample，"Becauseuseractivityisnotthecauseofexcessivebandwidthuse，wenowsuspectthatanautomatedprocessisrunningatnooneveryday."（1）Whatistheimportantroleofcollectingbackgroundinformation？A.Makefullpreparationfortheresearchquestions.B.Understandtheknowledgeofexistingresearchresults.C.Provideevidencetorefutetheresearchconclusion.D.Encourageresearcherstoreflectdeeplyontheirwork.（2）Inwhichcasewoulditbenecessarytocreateanewhypothesisforretesting？A.Theresearchhypothesishasbeenfullyproved.B.Theresearchresultsleadtootherrelatedissues.C.Thescopeoftestdataneedstobeexpandedagain.D.Thebackgroundinvestigationisnotobjectiveenough.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Creatingaquestionwillhelpyouinthefollowingstep.B.Collectinginformationincludesresearchonanunknownsubject.C.Thetestshouldestablishachangethatcannotbemeasuredeasily.D.Youmayneedtocreateanewhypothesisiftheoldoneisoverturned.19．Businessinnovationisanorganization'sprocessforintroducingnewideas，workflows，methodologies，servicesorproducts.LikeITinnovation，whichcallsforusingtechnologyinnewwaystocreateamoreefficientandagileorganization，businessinnovationshouldenabletheachievementofgoalsacrosstheentireorganization，withsightssetonaccomplishingcorebusinessaimsandinitiatives.Innovationoftenbeginswithideageneration，whereinideasarenarroweddownduringbrainstormingsessions，afterwhichleadersconsiderthebusinessviability，feasibilityanddesirabilityofeachidea.Businessinnovationshouldimproveonexistingproducts，servicesorprocesses；oritshouldsolveaproblem；oritshouldreachnewcustomers.RecentexamplesofbusinessinnovationincludetheintroductionoftheDysonvacuumcleaner，whosecreatorandnamesakeJamesDysondeclaredinadvertisementsthathesetouttobuildabetterproductbyapplyingindustrialcyclonetechnologiestothehouseholdappliance.Thepurposeofthebusinessinnovationprocessistocreatevaluefortheorganization.Thatvaluecancomefromcreatingnewrevenueopportunitiesordrivingmorerevenuethroughexistingchannels；fromcreatingefficienciesthatsavetime，moneyorboth；orfromimprovementstoproductivityorperformance.Inshort，innovationshouldleadtohigherprofits.Additionally，theresultsofanorganization'sinnovationprocessshouldyieldacompetitiveadvantage；itshouldhelptheorganizationtogrowandreach—or，betterstill，exceed—strategicobjectives.Innovationandinventionarecloselylinked，butthetwotermsarenotinterchangeable.Aninventionisanentirelynewcreation.Theprocessofbusinessinnovationcanproduceaninvention，butthetermisbroaderinscopeandincludestheapplicationofanexistingconceptorpracticeinanewway，orapplyingnewtechnologytoanexistingproductorprocesstoimproveuponit.Tobetterunderstandthedifference，considerthis：Thetelephoneisaninvention，butthesmartphoneisaninnovation.Businessinnovationcanalsobeclassifiedaseitherrevolutionaryorevolutionary.Revolutionarybusinessinnovationyieldsadrasticchangeinaproduct，service，process，etc.，whichoftendestroysorsupplantsanexistingbusinessmodel.Thisisalsoknownasradicalinnovation.Evolutionaryorincrementalinnovationinvolvessmaller，morecontinuousimprovementsthat，whileimportant，arenotdrasticenoughtoshiftacompanyormarketintoanewparadigm.Disruptiveinnovationisacategorythatemphasizesthedestructiveaspectofrevolutionaryinnovation；thistermappliestobusinessinnovationthatleadstothecreationofanewmarketthatdisplacesanexistingoneor，similarly，asignificantupheavalinacategoryofproductsorservices.Businessinnovation，likemostbusinessinitiatives，hasbothbenefitsandrisks.Organizationsshouldrecognizeonthenegativesidethatthebusinessinnovationprocesscanbeacostlyundertakingthatdoesnotalwaysproduceareturnoninvestment（ROI）；thatideasconsideredlikelytosucceedcouldstillfail；andthatstakeholderscouldfightthechangesrequiredtobesuccessful.Ontheotherhand，organizationsneedtoweighthoserisksagainstthebenefitsofbusinessinnovation.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphmean？A.Persuasibility.B.Scarcity.C.Generality.D.Practicability.（2）Whatisthepurposeofbusinessinnovation？A.Createvaluebenefitsfortheenterprise.B.Reformthemanagementstructureofenterprises.C.Encouragestafftomakemoreinventions.D.Upgradetheproductperformance.（3）Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutinnovationandinvention？A.Theyareessentiallythesameconcept.B.Theycanreplaceeachotherinthecontext.C.Theycanbringhugecommercialbenefits.D.Theyarecloselyrelatedbuthavedifferentconceptualscopes.（4）Whatisthemaincontentofthispassage？A.Theprecautionsforbrainstormingmeetings.B.Theconsiderationsforbusinessinnovation.C.Thedifferencebetweeninnovationandinvention.D.Therevolutionarychangeinbusinessinnovation.SectionCDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.20．A.ButstudyingthechimpanzeesofGombewasnoteasy.B.Untilthattime，onlyhumanswerethoughttocreatetools.C.Theseobservationsdisprovethewidelyheldbeliefthatchimpanzeesarevegetarian.D.SoshelearnstobeasecretaryandworksforatimeatOxfordUniversitytypingdocuments.E.However，JanelovesthetoyandnamesthechimpanzeeJubilee，carryingitwithhereverywhere.F.SomescholarsandscientistsgiveJaneacoldreceptionandcriticiseherforgivingthechimpanzeesnames.WhenLeakeyandJanebeginastudyofwildchimpanzeesontheshoreofLakeTanganyika，BritishauthoritiesresisttheideaofayoungwomanlivingamongwildanimalsinAfrica.TheyfinallyagreetoLeakey'sproposalwhenJane'smotherVannevolunteerstoaccompanyherdaughterforthefirstthreemonths.OnJuly14，1960，JaneandVannearriveontheshoresofGombeStreamChimpanzeeReserveinwesternTanzania.（1）TheanimalsfledfromJaneinfear.Withpatienceanddeterminationshesearchedtheforesteveryday，deliberatelytryingnottogettooclosetothechimpanzeestoosoon.Graduallythechimpanzeesacceptedherpresence.Janeobservesmeat﹣eatingforthefirsttimeOctober30，1961.Later，sheseesthechimpanzeeshuntformeat.（2）OnNovember4，1961，JaneobservesDavidGreybeardandGoliathmakingtoolstoextracttermites（白蟻）fromtheirmounds.Theywouldselectathinbranchfromatree，striptheleavesandpushthebranchintothetermitemound.Afterafewsecondstheywouldpulloutthetermite﹣coveredstickandpickoffthetastytermiteswiththeirlips.ThisbecomesoneofJane'smostimportantdiscoveries.（3）OnhearingofJane'sobservation，Leakeyfamouslysays："Nowwemustredefin