考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題2023

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題2023

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考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題1

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyou

gotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"paid"

media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprint

advertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycan

exploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate“owned“mediabysendinge-mail

alertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwith

itsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrange

offactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromoting

theirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactas

theinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketerJsownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia

-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspace

onitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhose

trafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheir

千里之行，始于足下。

contentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.This

trend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesand

hotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.JohnsonJohnson,for

example,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediaproperty

thatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketers

makesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunities

tolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofother

companiesJmarketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficfor

allcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovided

marketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoices

havealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswill

voicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmore

damagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,

otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegations

aboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,for

instance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapply

pressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtryto

persuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputation

ofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany's

responsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthe

learningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,

alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlier

thisyearwitharelativelyquickandwel1-orchestrated

social-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortsto

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engagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthe

social-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned“mediawhentheyare

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavorite

products.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]randomcompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.

千里之行，始于足下。

[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題2

Text3

ThejournalScienceisacidinganextrasourceat

Peer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannounced

today.TheFollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,after

widespreadconcernthatMistakesindataanalysisare

第4頁(yè)/共16頁(yè)

contributingtothePublishedresearchfindings.

Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublished

inourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.Workingwiththe

AmericanStatisticalAssociation,theJournalhasappointed

sevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscript

willbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournals

editors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorby

outsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternal

statisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,

McNuttsaid,Thecreationofthestatisticsboardwasmotivated

byconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddata

analysisinscientificresearchandispartofSciencesoverall

drivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvard

SchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,sayshe

expectstheboardtoplayprimarilyonadvisoryrole.Heagreed

tojoinbecausehefoundtheforesightbehindtheestablishment

oftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealasting

impact.Thisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublications

inScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupof

publishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter

Science.

Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyisamostwelcomestep

forwardandlongoverdue,Mostjournalsareweakinstatistical

review,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.I

千里之行，始于足下。

thinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,

statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,hesays.

ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternal

Medicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationand

TheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyze

data,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublished

research,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchers

shouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2023,butjournals

shouldalsotakeatougherline,engagingreviewerswhoare

statisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifythe

process.VauxsaysthatSciencesideatopasssomepapersto

statisticianshassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitrelies

ontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentifythepapersthat

needscrutinyinthefirstplace.

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephraseflaggedup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaning

to

[A]found.

第6頁(yè)/共16頁(yè)

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentof

theSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseSciencescirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

A.addstoresearchersworklosd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

千里之行，始于足下。

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditorsDesks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題3

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedeal

betweenBritainsNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMind

muststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMind

isoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companies

intheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcare

isverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentration

ofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthat

theinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher

damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustunderthe

NHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6million

patientsIn2023onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtook

fartoolittleaccountofthepatientsrightsandtheir

expectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmended

itsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-between

theNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensure

thatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsand

allunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsabout

informedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonly

第8頁(yè)/共16頁(yè)

angleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenham

chosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunder

existinglawit“controlled“thedataandDeepMindmerely

“processedit.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatit

isprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,

thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysis

ofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuilds

ontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiable

knowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillance

economyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalue

onlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillions

more.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthis

instancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnot

addresstherealworry.Itisnotenoughtosaythatthe

algorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsave

lives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivate

monopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.If

softwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,

bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.We

arestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoices

nowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Along

strugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.

MsDenhamsreportisawelcomestart.

31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSand

DeepMind?

千里之行，始于足下。

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]ItfailedtopaydueattentiontopatientJsrights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelattersexpectations

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenhamsverdictwith

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

[B]leakingpatientsdataisworsethansellingit.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatientsdataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarising

fromthisdealis

第10頁(yè)/共16頁(yè)

theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.TheauthorsattitudetowardtheapplicationofAIto

healthcareis

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀歷年真題4

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedan

interestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenhe

acceptedthisyear'sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromthe

onlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNature

discusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershave

joinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,likethe

FundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe

telephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternet

千里之行，始于足下。

entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheir

chosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthto

drawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

What'snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandful

ofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,

astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannot

buytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsare

anexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say

scientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemof

peer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoof

peer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewed

research.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthe

criticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleinto

science,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareers

inresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimate

concernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—are

distributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launched

thisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelife

sciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation*s1imitofthree

recipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,has

longbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodern

research—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowover

whoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryof

theHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetup

byaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodo

withhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhem

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legitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,

twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldaccept

suchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelya

goodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometosciencerather

thangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthe

mechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butit

istheprize-giversJmoneytodowithastheyplease.Itis

wisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

真題解析：

文章主題及背景學(xué)問(wèn)：此篇閱讀的主題內(nèi)容為“基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”，

假如對(duì)于這一背景信息有所了解，這篇文章便可輕松看懂，做題更是

十拿九穩(wěn)!與2023年相比,2023考研閱讀文章同樣注意時(shí)效性,Text3

便是反應(yīng)了2023年3月份的一次實(shí)時(shí)大事：基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)基金會(huì)于3

月20日晚在瑞士日內(nèi)瓦揭曉了2023年基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)!所以2023考研

的同學(xué)們肯定要多多關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題，拓展視野，豐富自己的文化

背景學(xué)問(wèn)，這樣才能取得事半功倍的效果！

文章講到的是關(guān)于和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)一樣的獎(jiǎng)金豐厚的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)消失，這些

獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)就是由一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的公司或者是一些新貴們他們得出這樣大量的

錢，當(dāng)然會(huì)遭出一些批判，這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)還是沒法和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)相比的，階

級(jí)是沒法轉(zhuǎn)變的，名望是沒法購(gòu)買的。當(dāng)然這一系列的東西，在前三

段當(dāng)中談到之后，到了最終一段，表明他的觀點(diǎn)，縱然這些對(duì)科學(xué)家

的嘉獎(jiǎng)在獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)上存在著一些瑕疵，存在著一些不合理的地方。但是對(duì)

于科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，有人給你錢支持你的討論，終歸是好的。也就是說(shuō)從

31到35題基本上沒有難題，也沒有可以去爭(zhēng)議的，也是既所得的文

早。

千里之行，始于足下。

31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneursJswealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankers'investment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

答案：A為細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize

可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就沒有其他細(xì)節(jié)提示信息了，所以我

們只能依據(jù)幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)去定位，分別依據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的entrepreneurs、

NobelPrize>investment>reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了與

A選項(xiàng)相全都的句子，則判定A選項(xiàng)正確。

32.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobably

means

[A]thepr