主謂一致在英語(yǔ)句子里,謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則,即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。(一)語(yǔ)法一致原則:語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。

1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由連接詞and或both…and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIareclassmates.Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意:①若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:Thewriterandartisthascome.②由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no,each,every,morethana(an),manya(an)修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom..Noboyandnogirllikesit.(1)HeandI_____bothstudentsofthisschool.

我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。(2)Bothriceandwheat

growninthispartofChina.(be)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。areare語(yǔ)法一致原則asingeranddancerThesingeranddancer____(be)onthestage.is

Attention:

由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。1).Theworkerandwriter______ourschooltoday.(visit)2).Theworkerandthewriter_________tothemeeting.(havecome/hascome

)havecomeisvisiting3、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4、either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.

由each,every,no,manya所修飾的名詞，即使用and連接作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g.Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.A.has

B.have

C.had

D.ishaving

Manyaperson

readthenovel.(have)

Ａhas注意:①在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Nothing________（be）difficultintheworldifyousetyourmindtoit.is

不定代詞everybodyeveryoneeverythinganyoneanybodyanythingsomeonesomebodysomethingnobodynoonenothingeachtheother等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).2.Everything

ready.(be)is3.Someone

toseeyou.(want)wants

5、在定語(yǔ)從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

注意:people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thegroup____(be)madeupofninestudents.Thegroup____(be)dancinghappily.isareTheteam____(have)somegoodplayers.Theteam____(be)handsome.hasare7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.

注意:anumberof"許多",作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);thenumberof"…的數(shù)量",主語(yǔ)是number,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

8、在倒裝句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.

(二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來(lái)決定。如:Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.

2、表示"時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值"等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如:TheArabianNightsisaninterestingstory-book

表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在表示單位數(shù)量用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被看作整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Amilliondollars__(is/are)reallyalotofmoney.isSixtyyears

alongtime.（be）Threethousandmiles

alongdistance.(be)Fiftykilograms

nottooheavytobecarried.(be)isisis4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“oneandahalf”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.

5、算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6.由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)或alotof,lotsof,halfof,therestof,someof,mostof,allof,(a)partof

+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與of后面的名詞的數(shù)一致

e.g.Lotsofdamage______(be)causedbythefire.Somestudentsareplantingtrees.Therestofthem______(be)wateringthem.Ontheearthabout75%ofthesurface_____(be)coveredwithwaterwasareis

7、一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn'teasytostudy.

8、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pairof等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.

9、"定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞",表示某一類人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(三)就近一致原則:在英語(yǔ)句子中,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?