22北京胡同文化遺產(chǎn)胡同，見證著北京歷史文化的傳承北京是中國(guó)的首都，也是中國(guó)歷史文化的重要城市之一。其中，北京的胡同是城市歷史文化的重要組成部分，是北京城市風(fēng)貌的重要特色之一。由于其獨(dú)特的歷史文化價(jià)值，成為了北京的獨(dú)特記憶和文化符號(hào)。胡同的歷史可以追溯到元代，是由四面圍墻包圍著一個(gè)中心的院落，隨著時(shí)間的推移，四合院之間的街道逐漸演變成了胡同，成為了北京城市住宅的主要形式。為了保護(hù)這些重要的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，北京市于2002年開始實(shí)施胡同保護(hù)工程，北京的一些胡同得到了保護(hù)和修繕，成為了北京城市歷史文化的重要保留區(qū)。其中什剎海胡同保留區(qū)最具特色，在這里你可以看到許多古老的建筑和文化遺產(chǎn)，如恭王府、什剎海公園等等。它是北京城內(nèi)保存最完整的胡同區(qū)域之一，始建于元代，至今已有700多年的歷史。什剎海周邊保存了許多古老的建筑和文化遺產(chǎn)，如恭王府、鼓樓、鐘樓等等。是了解北京歷史文化的重要場(chǎng)所之一。胡同從始至終都是北京城市歷史文化的重要組成部分，它見證了北京城市的發(fā)展歷程，也是北京市民文化記憶和生活方式的重要符號(hào)。我們應(yīng)該珍惜和保護(hù)這一重要的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，讓胡同成為北京城市歷史文化的重要載體和城市發(fā)展的重要引擎。一、閱讀理解AAmongtheoldlanes(巷子)oftheBeijinghutongs,manyweretherehundredsofyearsagoduringtheMingandOingdynasties.Theykeepnotonlythetraditionalculturebutalsothewayoflifeinthepast.Peoplecangoshopping,eatdeliciousfood,andwatchthestreetlifebyvisitingtheBeijinghutongs.What’smore,it’sagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutthedailylifeofpeopleinBeijing.Ahutongisalaneformedbytraditionalcourtyardcompounds(筑有圍墻的建筑群)onbothsides.Thecompoundsarecalledsiheyuar,meaning“fourjoined-togethercourtyard”.Thehutongshaveinterestingnames,whichtelltheirorigin(起源),location,orhistory.Theyareinthesegraylaneswherekidstalkandplay.OneofChina’smostfamouswriters,LaoShe,wasborninsiheruaninthewestofthecity.ThememoriesofhischildhoodinhutongsweresoimportanttohimthatevenafterhehadbeenawayfromBeijingformorethan20years,hestillclearlyrememberedthemandwrotethemintoanovelcalledFourGenerationsUnderOneRoof.Now,Beijingstillhasabout400,000siheyuanforpeopletolivein.However,mosthutongsareingreatdangerbecausemoreandmorenewbuildingshavebeenbuilt.So,weshouldtryourbesttoprotecthutongs,thetreasureoftraditionalculture.1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeijinghutongs?A．Theyhaveashorthistory. B．Theyarefarfromsiheyuan.C．Theyhaveinterestingnames. D．Hutongsaretoooldtoexist(存在)2．Thewriterwouldmostprobablytalkabout________afterParagraph5.A．howwecanknowtheBeijinghutongsbetter B．whatwecandotoprotecttheBeijinghutongsC．whymanynewbuildingswerebuiltinBeijing D．HowbeautifulBeijingwillbewithouthutongs3．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LaoShe—AWell-knownChineseWriter B．BeijingHutongs—TheTreasureofChinaC．Siheyuan—APictureoftheQingDynasty D．Beijing—Agreatcity4．Wemayreadthistextfromthesectionof________inanewspaper.A．CultureWindow B．FamousPeopleC．EatingCustoms D．AdvertisementBHutongsareold-stylecitystreets.InBeijing,theyareanimportantpartofthecityculture.ThankstoBeijing’slonghistory,almosteveryHutonghasitsstory,andsomeevenhavetodowithhistoricactivities.DifferentfromtheForbiddenCity(紫禁城)andtheSummerPalace,theHutongsshowthecultureofBeijingers.HutongsareneighborhoodswhichstillformtheheartofOldBeijing.TherearethousandsofHutongsinBeijing.PeoplebuiltthemduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties(朝代).ThefollowingaresomefamousHutongs.·NanluoguxiangPeoplebuiltitduringtheYuanDynasty,butitgotitsnameduringtheQingDynasty,around1750.It’sabout800meterslong.Therearemanyrestaurants,cafesandshopsaroundit.Thousandsofvisitorsgotheretohavefuneveryday,whichmakesitoneofthemostpopular.·LingjingHutongThishutongisnearXidan.Itisabout600meterslongand32meterswide.ItisthewidesthutonginBeijing.·Mao’erHutongThishutongisintheDongchengDistrict.Itis585meterslongand7meterswide.Itisfamousforitsoldfeatures(特征)andtraditionallocalfood.Alotoffamouspeopleoncelivedthere,suchasWanRongandFengGuozhang.·FangjiaHutongThishutongisalsointheDongchengDistrict.It’s676meterslong.Therearemanysmallcoffeeshopsandrestaurants.Manyyoungartistsandphotographersliketogotheretoworkandlookforcreativeworks.Ifyouwanttohaveacloselookatthelocallife,hutongsaregreatplacestovisit.5．Whichhutongisthelongestofthefourhutongs?A．Nanluoguxiang. B．LingjingHutong. C．Mao’erHutong. D．FangjiaHutong.6．WhomightvisitFangjiaHutongmore?A．Youngcooks. B．Youngartists. C．Famouspeople. D．Famoushistorians.7．Wherecanwereadthispassage?A．Onaschoolnoticeboard. B．Inageographytextbook.C．Onanewswebsite. D．Inatravelmagazine.CManyforeignerswhovisitBeijingareinterestedintheoldlanes(巷子)there.ChinesecallthemBeijinghutong.ManyofthemappearedhundredsofyearsagoduringtheMingandQingdynasties.Andnow,theykeepnotonlythetraditionalculturebutalsothewayofthelifeinthepast.SomeBeijinghutonghaveinterestingnames,whichtelltheirlocationorhistory.Forexample,NanluoguLaneisthebusieshutonginBeijinganditisabout787meterslong.AndonthewestofNanluoguLaneisMao’erLane.Therearemanygreatandfamousplacesalongthishutong.AlongBeijinghutong,thereareusuallytraditionalcourtyardcompounds(筑有圍墻的院子),whicharecalledsiheyuan.ManyBeijingpeoplegrowupinsiheyuan.Andwhentheywereyoung,theyallexperiencedrunningandplayinginBeijinghutong.Thefamouswriter,Laoshe,wasborninsiheyuaninthewestofBeijingcity.Whatheexperiencedinhutongwhenhewasyoungwassoimportantforhimtocreatehisnovels.AndevenafterhewasawayfromBeijingfor20years,hestillclearlyrememberedandwrotethemintohisnovelnamedFourGenerationsunderOneRoof.Now,Beijingstillhasabout400,000siheyuanforpeopletolivein.However,mosthutongareingreatdangerbecausemoreandmorenewbuildingshavebeenbuilt.Soweshouldtryourbesttoprotectthistreasureoftraditionalculture—hutong.8．Howmanyhutongdoesthewritertalkaboutinthesecondparagraphofthepassage?A．5. B．4. C．3. D．2.9．Thewriter’spurposeofcreatingthispassageisto______.A．encouragemorepeopletoprotecthutong B．tellhisexperiencesoflivinginhutongC．encouragemorepeopletoliveinsiheyuan D．tellhisdeeplovetoLaoshe’snovels10．Wherecanwereadthispassage?A．Fromamagazineaboutlanguages. B．FromabookaboutChinesetraditionalculture.C．Fromamagazineaboutmovies. D．FromabookaboutChinesetraditionalfood.DTheoldlanes(巷子)oftheBeijinghutongs,manyweretherehundredsofyearsagoduringtheMingandQingdynasties.Theykeepnotonlythetraditionalculturebutalsothewayoflifeinthepast.Peoplecangoshopping,eatdeliciousfood,andwatchthestreetlifebyvisitingtheBeijinghutongs.What’smore,it’sagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutthedailylifeofpeopleinBeijing.Ahutongisalaneformedbytraditionalcourtyardcompounds(筑有圍墻的院子)onbothsides.Thecompoundsarecalledsiheyuan,meaning“fourjoined-togethercourtyard.”Thehutongshaveinterestingnames,whichtelltheirorigin(起源),location,orhistory.Theyareinthesegraylaneswherekidstalkandplay.OneofChina’smostfamouswriters,Laoshe,wasborninsiheyuaninthewestofthecity.ThememoriesofhischildhoodinhutongsweresoimportanttohimthatevenafterhehadbeenawayfromBeijingformorethan20years,hestillclearlyrememberedthemandwrotethemintoanovelcalledFourGenerationsunderOneRoof.Now,Beijingstillhasabout400,000siheyuanforpeopletolivein.However,mosthutongsareingreatdangerbecausemoreandmorenewbuildingshavebeenbuilt.So,weshouldtryourbesttoprotecthutongs,thetreasureoftraditionalculture.11．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeijinghutongs?A．Theyhaveashorthistory.B．Theyarefarfromsiheyuan.C．Theyhaveinterestingnames.12．Thewriterwouldmostprobablytalkabout_________afterParagraph5.A．howwecanknowtheBeijinghutongsbetterB．whatwecandotoprotecttheBeijinghutongsC．whymanynewbuildingswerebuiltinBeijing13．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Laoshe—AWell-knownChineseWriterB．BeijingHutongs—TheTreasureofChinaC．Siheyuan—APictureoftheQingDynasty14．Wemayreadthistextfromthesectionof_________inanewspaper.A．CultureWindow B．FamousPeople C．EatingCustomsEWhiletherestofthecityiscrowdedandnoisy,severaloldmenaresittingintheirancienthutongdrinkingteaandplayingchess.ThisisatypicaldayinaBeijinghutong.BeijinghutongshaveaveryspecialplaceintherichhistoryofBeijing.Whilevisitingthem,youcangetafeelofitstraditionallifestyleandculture.Accordingtoexperts,thewordhutongoriginatedfrom(起源于)theMongolianlanguage,meaning“well(井)”.Inancienttimes,peoplepreferredtogettogetherandlivearoundwells.Sotheoriginalmeaningofhutongshouldbe“aplacewherepeoplegettogetherandlive.”Thereareotherexplanations,too.Nomatterwhathutongexactlymeans,itiscommonlyagreedthathutongsfirstappearedinBeijingduringtheYuanDynasty.IntheYuanDynasty,therewereabout29hutongs.ThenumberincreasedduringtheMingandQingDynasties.NobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyhutongsthereareinBeijingtoday.Butonethingisforsure—ifweconnectedallthehutongstogether,itwouldevenbelongerthantheGreatWall!IfyoucometoBeijing,don’tforgettovisitBeijinghutong!Youmustenjoyyourself!15．Beijinghutongshavea________placeintherichhistoryofBeijing.A．crowded B．noisy C．typical D．special16．Youcanlearn________whilevisitingthem.A．howpeopledrinkteaB．whenpeopleplaychessC．whypeoplesittogetherD．hutong’straditionallifestyleandculture17．Paragraph3mainlytellsus________.A．howhutongwasbuiltB．whenhutongfirstappearedC．theoriginalmeaningofhutongD．whatpeopleinancienttimeslikedtodo18．Ifweconnectedallthehutongstogether,itwouldevenbe________thantheGreatWall.A．shorter B．longer C．morefamous D．morebeautiful19．Peoplecanknow________fromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph.A．Beijinghutongisn’tfamousB．visitingBeijinghutongisfreeC．BeijinghutongisworthvisitingD．visitingBeijinghutongismeaninglessFWhenpeoplethinkofBeijing,thehutongstylealwayscomestomind.Itisnoexaggeration(夸張)tosaywithinhutonglivesthecity’shistory.Everyyear,itreceivesmoretouristsfromhomeandabroadthanthehigh-risebuildings.Theword“hutong”referredtoaplacewherepeoplelived,whichwasborrowedfromtheMongolianwordtomean“waterwell”about700yearsago.Untilnow,onecanstillfinddrywellsinhutong.Hutongweseetodayaremadeupofsmallpaths(小路)formedbywallsofsiheyuan.TheywerebuiltduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949,thereweremorethan3,000hutong.Mostofthecity’spopulationlivedinthistraditionalhousing.Butwiththedevelopmentofthecityinthe1980sandearly1990s,manyhutongweredemolishedtobuildroads,skyscrapers(摩天大樓)andmodernhouses.ThegovernmenthasrealizedtheimportanceofhutongtoChineseculture.In2002,Beijinglisted40protectedhistoricalzonesandincreaseditseffortstorebuildsomekeyremainsandolderstreetsinthecity.Nearly500hutonghavebeensaved.Hutongthatstillexistarelikeoases(綠洲)ofcalminthenoisycity.Althoughlocateddowntown,thehutongwerefreefromthenoiseoftraffic,astheyweretoonarrowtobearmuch.Walkingthroughthem,it’scommontoseegroupsofelderlypeoplesittingtogetherplayingcards,mahjongorChinesechess.Intheearlymorningsandevenings,theygettogethertopracticetraditionalformsofexercisesuchasTaijiaswellasdancingandsingingfolksongsorBeijingOpera.HutonghavebecomeamuseumofBeijing’sfolkcustomsandhistory.20．Whatistheearliestmeaningoftheword“hutong”?A．Smallpaths. B．Waterwell. C．Siheyuan. D．Atraditionalhouse.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demolished”inparagraph3mean?A．Takendown. B．Moved. C．Setup. D．Forgotten.22．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thefutureofhutong. B．Thechangeofhutong.C．Thebeautyofhutonglife. D．Thehistoryofhutonglife.23．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Therearemorethan3,000hutongnow. B．MostpeopleinBeijingusedtoliveinhutong.C．Thegovernmenthasbuiltnewhutongsince2002. D．Hutongarelikethenoisiestplacesinthecity.24．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A．Apoembook. B．Aculturalmagazine.C．Ahistorynovel. D．Astorybook.G閱讀下面短文，將A-E五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容完整。AsthecapitalofChina,Beijingisknownasamoderncity.Butwhenyouwalkdownoneofitsbusyandnoisymainstreetsintoasmallhutong(胡同),25.26.BeijinghasbeenthecapitalcityofChinaforover700years.Thereareanumberofhutongsacrossthecity.27.Ifallofthemwereconnectedendtoend,thelinewouldnotbeanyshorterthantheGreatWall.Amongallthesehutongs,therearecertainlysomeinterestingandspecialones.JiuwanHutongistheonewiththemostcurves(曲線).28.Besides,thenarrowest(最狹窄的)hutonginBeijingiscalledQianshiHutong.Itisonly40centimetersatitsnarrowestpoint.29.Inthehutongs,peoplecanbatheinthesun,singsongsandplaychesswiththeirneighbors.Theycanchatandlistentothestoriestoldbytheelderly.Evenpetscanfindtheirfriendsthere.A．HutongsareasymbolofBeijingcultureandalsoapartofChineseculture.B．Sofar,therehavebeenmorethan6,000hutongsinBeijing.C．youmaygetadifferentfeeling.D．PeopleinBeijinglovethembecausehutongsbringthemalotofjoyandrelaxation.E．It’sonlyabout390meterslong.二、任務(wù)型閱讀WhenyouthinkofBeijing,thebeautifulgreenwatersandhillsofBeihaiParkandthegrandandbeautifulForbiddenCitywillcometoyourmind.Inrecentyears,groupsofmodernbuildingsandspeciallydesignedplazashaveappearedonBeijing’sstreets.Standinginthestreet,youcanfeelhowBeijinghaschanged.Butforeignersstillliketogotothehutongs.ThewordhutongcomesfromtheMongolianlanguage.HutongscometoBeijingmorethan700yearsago.Astimepassed,thehutongshaveremained,andhavebecomeanimportantpartoftheessenceofBeijing.Manyforeigners,whentheycometoBeijingfromtheirfarcountries,willgodirectlytovisitthehutongsaftersettingdown.Theysitinthecourtyards,chattingwiththenativeBeijingersaboutneighborsandtheirlife.Itseemsthatthroughtheirchatting,theycanfindthetruemeaningofChinesefamilylife.Wavinggood-bye,theyhavetoleavethehutongs,andsaygoodbyetothefamilieswithwhomtheyhavechattedhappily.Buttheydon’tfeellikeleaving.Thehutongshavebroughtgreatenjoymenttothem.Althougheverycountryhasitownspecialculturalbackground,economicsituationandlevelandfeelingsaresimilar.Thehutongisaculturalsymbolofthiscity.Andthefamiliesofthehutongsarealsounforgettable.30．WhatdoweoftenthinkofwhenwetalkaboutBeijing?31．WheredotheforeignersstillliketogoalthoughBeijinghaschangedalot?32．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?33．將文中劃線部分譯成漢語34．Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe_______.A．HowthewordhutongcomesfromB．EverycountryhasitownspecialculturalbackgroundC．TheforeignersliketogotohutongsdirectlyD．Hutongandfamily三、短文填空A根據(jù)提示在句子空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或單詞的正確形式。Onelazyafternooninabookstore,Ifoundabook35(call)TheLastDaysofOldBeijingbyUSwriterMichaelMeyer.Thebooknamecaughtmyeyeandreminded36(I)ofmyhomecity,Beijing.Meyer’swritingbringsusbacktotheolddaysofBeijing.In2005,Meyermovedinto37sharedyardhomeinoneofBeijing’soldestneighborhoods,Dashilan,ononeofitshutong.TherehetaughtEnglishatalocalschoollivedamonglocalpeople.HeknewmoreaboutBeijingby38(get)closetothelocalculture.Hutongis39(huge)importantinBeijingculture.Inthebook,hedescribesthehutongandtheshoutsofstreetvendors(小販)solivelythatyoufeellikeyou’rerightthere.Meyersawgreatchangesintheneighborhood.Theoldhousesmadewayforhigh-risebuildings,shoppingmallsandothersymbols40modernlife.41,somepartsofoldBeijing’sculturestayedstronginthefaceofrapidchange.Peoplestillkepttraditionslikehanging“fu”andSpringFestivalcouplets.Meyershowsushowthesetraditional42(custom)helpedpeopleholdontotheirrootsasoldbuildingswentawayaroundthem.TheLastDaysofOldBeijingshowednewsidesofthecityIhadn’tseenbefore.How43(touch)itiswhenthosesmalldetailsofdailylifeintheoldneighborhoodscametome!Itmademethinkabouthowwecankeepourtraditionsalivewhilealsomovingforwardwithchanges.Iwonder44youlikeitornot.Ifyouhavetime,tryreadingtofindthesecretofBeijing.BPeoplesaytherealcultureofBeijingliesinthecultureofhutongandsiheyuan.45trueitis!TheygiveanunderstandingoftheoldlifestyleofordinaryBeijingers.IfyouwanttotrulyknowthereallifeofBeijingers,ahalf-dayhutongtour46(be)agoodchoice.StartingduringtheYuanDynasty(1271-1368),hutongsarenarrow(狹窄的)streetswhich47(form)bylinesofsiheyuan,andtheyareatthecenterofoldneighborhoodlifeinBeijing.