LearningAboutLanguageUnit5PoemsTeachingObjectives:1.Identifyandanalysetheusagesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.2.Useindirectspeechtoexpressyourideas.3.Raisetheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Keyanddifficultpoints:Keypoint：Findoutandsummarizetherulesforchangingdirectspeechintoindirectspeechandlearntouseindirectspeechinthecontext.Difficultpoint：Howtouseindirectspeechinrealsituations.BuildupyourvocabularyFindthewordsinthepoemsthatrhymewiththewordsbelow.Thenaddotherwordsthatrhyme.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.bad,glad,madby,fly,eye,whyweather,feather,whethershouting,laughing,singing,runningCompletethesentencesusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.1.Itseemsincredibletomethatthequestionofhowbestto__________booksonshelvescouldcausealivelyonlinediscussion.2.Thepurposeof__________criticismistogettothecoreofthetextanddiscoverwhatmessagetheauthorisattemptingtoconvey.3.Ifyouneedtohandlea__________situation,youshouldbehavewisely.4.Thepoet__________quiteafewpoemsfeaturingtheimageofcherryblossoms,anddescribingthejoysand__________oflife.5.BlankverseisprobablyoneofthemostcommonandinfluentialformsofEnglish__________.Itissoclosetothenatural__________ofEnglishspeechandithasnorhyming.InShakespeare’s__________,charactersfromcivilianstokingsallspeakinblankverse,butstillindistinctivevoices.arrangeliterarydelicatecomposedsorrowspoetryrhythmdramasCompleteeachsentenceusingthecorrectword.1.Couldyou__________whatyoujustsaid?2.Studentsarerequiredto__________over60ancientpoemsorworksofprosetheyhavelearntfromtheirChinesecourse.3.Ifyouhavefinishedreadingthestory,pleasetryto__________itinyourownwords.repeatreciterecite/repeat/retell1.Couldyou__________whatyoujustsaid?2.Studentsarerequiredto__________over60ancientpoemsorworksofprosetheyhavelearntfromtheirChinesecourse.3.Ifyouhavefinishedreadingthestory,pleasetryto__________itinyourownwords.emotion/mood/spiritretellspiritsemotionmood

復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句定義：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞（antecedent）。定語(yǔ)從句一般是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的。相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。定語(yǔ)從句Thebookthat

Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中起著連接主句和從句的作用，同時(shí)還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分?！癟hebook”是先行詞，“thatIboughtyesterday”是定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾“book”，說(shuō)明是我昨天買的那本書(shū)用法：關(guān)系代詞除了指代主句中的先行詞外，同時(shí)還在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；但關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，而且介詞提到它的前面時(shí),關(guān)系代詞不能省略。關(guān)系代詞修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)which物或事主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)as人、物或事主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞that的用法Theboy

that

isstandingthereismybrother.“that”指代“theboy”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)：Ilovethemovie

that

Iwatchedlastnight."that"指代"themovie"，在從句中作"watched"的賓語(yǔ)，可省略作賓語(yǔ)：Sheisnolongerthegirl

that

sheusedtobe.“that”指代“thegirl”，在從句中作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)：which的用法Thebook

which

isonthetableismine.桌子上的那本書(shū)是我的?！皐hich”指代“thebook”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)：Thepen

which

Iboughtyesterdayisverynice.我昨天買的那支鋼筆很好看“which”指代“thepen”，在從句中作“bought”的賓語(yǔ)，可省略作賓語(yǔ)：who的用法Themanwho

istalkingtomyfatherisateacher.正在和我父親說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是一位老師?！皐ho”指代“theman”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)：Thegirlwho

Imetatthepartyisveryfriendly.我在聚會(huì)上遇到的那個(gè)女孩很友好。“who”指代“thegirl”，在從句中作“met”的賓語(yǔ)，可省略作賓語(yǔ)：whom的用法Theperson

whom

youtalkedtojustnowismyboss.你剛才和他說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是我的老板?！皐hom”指代“theperson”，作“talkedto”的賓語(yǔ)。可省略為：Thepersonyoutalkedtojustnowismyboss.指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)：whose的用法Theboywhosefatherisadoctorismyclassmate.那個(gè)父親是醫(yī)生的男孩是我的同學(xué)?！皐hose”指代“theboy's”，在從句中作“father”的定語(yǔ)既可以指人，也可以指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示所屬關(guān)系。指人時(shí)：Ilikethehouse

whose

windowsarebig.我喜歡那座窗戶很大的房子?！皐hose”指代“thehouse's”，在從句中作“windows”的定語(yǔ)指物時(shí)：Lookatthesesentencesandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclauses.Whatkindofinformationdoeseachclausecommunicate?1.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.4.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.修飾atime,when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)修飾oneunifiedcountry,where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)修飾reasons,why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)修飾animalbonesandshells,onwhich=ontheanimalbonesandshells。關(guān)系副詞的用法Istillremembertheday

when

Ifirstcametothisschool.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天?！皐hen”在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“onwhich”，即“ontheday”when：在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如day,month,year等。Shecametothecityin2008,when

theOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.她在2008年來(lái)到這個(gè)城市，那年北京舉辦了奧運(yùn)會(huì)?！皐hen”指代“in2008”，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞的用法Thisistheplace

where

weplayedfootballlastSunday.這是我們上周日踢足球的地方?！皐here”在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“inwhich”，即“intheplace”where：在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞通常是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place,city,school等。Thehotel

where

westayedduringourholidayisverynice.我們度假時(shí)住的酒店非常好?！皐here”指代“inthehotel”，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞的用法Doyouknowthereasonwhy

hewaslateforschool?你知道他上學(xué)遲到的原因嗎？“why”在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“forwhich”，即“forthereason”why：在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞通常是reason。Idon'tbelievethereasonwhy

hegaveforhisabsence.我不相信他為自己缺席給出的理由?！皐hy”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾“reason”,“why”在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)限制性定語(yǔ)從句ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryuseful.我昨天買的那本書(shū)很有用。如果去掉定語(yǔ)從句"thatIboughtyesterday"，句子"Thebookisveryuseful."的意思就不明確是哪本書(shū)有用了是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確。Anystudentwhobreakstheruleswillbepunished.任何違反規(guī)則的學(xué)生都將受到懲罰?！皐hobreakstherules”是對(duì)“student”的限定，去掉后就不知道是哪些學(xué)生要受懲罰了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Mymother,whois50yearsold,isateacher.即使去掉定語(yǔ)從句"whois50yearsold"，句子"Mymotherisateacher."的意思仍然完整,"whois50yearsold"只是對(duì)"mymother"的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，去掉它不影響主句的意思。它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，關(guān)系代詞不能用that。Thesun,whichisoneofmillionsofstarsintheuniverse,givesuslightandheat.太陽(yáng)，它是宇宙中數(shù)百萬(wàn)顆恒星之一，給我們提供光和熱。"whichisoneofmillionsofstarsintheuniverse"是對(duì)"thesun"的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)mysonwasborn.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我兒子出生的那一天。I'dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(=why)yourefusedmyoffer.我想讓你解釋一下你拒絕我?guī)椭脑颉?for依據(jù)forthereason確定)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞可用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替。在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom,不可用that或who。替代when替代whereThisisthefarmonwhich(=where)Iusedtowork.這就是我過(guò)去工作過(guò)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。(on依據(jù)onthefarm確定)替代why“介詞+which”可以替代關(guān)系副詞when,where,why

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句依據(jù)與先行詞的固定搭配確定使用什么介詞I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記和朋友們一起在鄉(xiāng)村度過(guò)的時(shí)光。依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配來(lái)確定介詞Sheboughtseveralbooks,onwhichshespentallhermoney.她買了幾本書(shū),這些書(shū)花光了她所有的錢。根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的具體意思來(lái)確定介詞Canyouseetheriveracrosswhichthereisabridge?你能看見(jiàn)上面有座橋的那條河嗎?(during依據(jù)duringthetime確定)(on依據(jù)spend...on確定)

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句如果在whom和which之前用of表示所屬關(guān)系(即ofwhom,ofwhich表示所屬關(guān)系)，這時(shí)名詞需要特指，應(yīng)加定冠詞該名詞放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.因?yàn)閣hose也表示所屬關(guān)系,所以可以轉(zhuǎn)換為:I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在whom和which之前用of,還可以表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。這時(shí)，表示“部分”的數(shù)詞或代詞，放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。Shehasthreedaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,allofwhomarebeautiful.Shehasthreedaughters,theoldestofwhomiscalledMary.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomoneisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomallarebeautiful.還可以說(shuō):定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句Thenewsthat

youtoldmeyesterdayistrue.“that”在從句中作“told”的賓語(yǔ),“youtoldmeyesterday”是對(duì)“news”的修飾，說(shuō)明是你告訴我的那個(gè)消息定語(yǔ)從句：是對(duì)先行詞的修飾和限定，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分?！皌hat”引導(dǎo)的從句“ourteamwonthegame”是對(duì)“news”內(nèi)容的說(shuō)明，“that”不充當(dāng)任何成分同位語(yǔ)從句：是對(duì)名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明，連接詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分。Thenewsthat

ourteamwonthegameisexciting.VocabularyVocabularyblankgoblank(腦子里)突然一片空白ablanklook/expression木然的表情adj.空白的;無(wú)圖畫(huà)(或韻律、裝飾)的;沒(méi)表情的練習(xí)：Theexcitingnewswasbeingbroad-castwhenthetelevision_____________(出現(xiàn)空白).wentblankn.(記憶中的)空白;(文件等的)空白處,空格fillintheblanks填空Vocabularysympatheticbesympathetictowards/to對(duì)……同情；贊同；支持asympatheticear樂(lè)于傾聽(tīng)別人的困難adj.同情的;有同情心的;贊同的練習(xí)：Therailwayworkerscameoutinsympathy____________theminers.withIamsympathetictowardsJane,forshehasundergonealotofsufferings.我同情簡(jiǎn)，因?yàn)樗?jīng)歷了很多痛苦的事。Vocabularycorrespondenceenterintocorrespondencewithsb.與某人通信personal/privatecorrespondence私人來(lái)往信件thecorrespondencecolumn/page讀者來(lái)信專欄/版面n.來(lái)往信件;通信聯(lián)系練習(xí)：Wehavecorresponded___________eachothersincewefirstmetinParis.withTheeditorwelcomescorrespondencefromreadersonanysubject.編輯歡迎讀者有關(guān)任何問(wèn)題的來(lái)信。Practice語(yǔ)法填空Mostchildrenlovebeingtoldaboutnurseryrhymes.Themostpopularrhymes___________(list)here.Evene