第第頁山西省呂梁市2021-2022學年高一下學期期末考英語試題一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。MusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742..ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call723-1182formoreinformation..SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallandinsummeratRiverbend./home.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampusoftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuartet,CCM'sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat556-4183./events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:232-6220..1．Whichwebsiteshouldyouvisitifyouwanttoseeanopera?A．. B．/home.asp.C．. D．.2．WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cards?A．PatriciaCobbettTheater. B．MemorialHall.C．MusicHall. D．RiverbendMusicTheater.3．HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?A．Itgivesshowsallyearround. B．Itoffersseatsintheopenair.C．Ithasmembershipdiscounts. D．Itpresentsonlymusicalworks.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。OnFebruary5,2022,ChinaclaimeditsfirstgoldattheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGamesinthe2000mmixedteamrelayofshorttrackspeedskating.TheChinesequartet(四人組)ofFanKexin,QuChunyu,RenZiweiandWuDajingstormedtoathrillingvictoryattheBeijingWinterOlympicsin2:37.348.ItalytookthesilverandHungarybaggedthebronze.Accordingtotherules,eachteamismadeupoftwomenandtwowomen,andeachoffourskaterscoversfourandahalflapsinthe2000-meterrace.OlympicsilvermedalistFanskatedthefirstlegofthefinalrace,buttheracewasrestartedasCanadianandHungarianathletesfelldownsoonafterthestartingpistol(發(fā)令槍)wasfired.Astheracestartedagain,Fanfinishedthefirstleginthird,andherteammatescamefrombehindtoleadtherace.Inthelasttenlaps,Chinasteadilyextendedtheadvantage,whileskatersfromCanadaandHungarycollided(相撞).TheItaliansfinished0.016secondsbehindChina,almostcutthedeficit.PowerhousesSouthKoreaandtheNetherlandswerepenalizedandknockedoutfromthefinal."I'vebeenwaitingforthisgoldmedalforalongtime.Ialwaysbelieveinourteamandmyteammates,"saidFanwithtearsrollingdownherfaceafterthecompetition."We'vebeentraininghardeveryday,andwecanevenfeelbloodinourthroatwhenwesteppedoutoftherink.Wemadeit!"ThevictorysolidifiesChina'sdominanceinshort-trackspeedskating.Wusaid,"Ourshorttrackteamisabigfamily.Wenevergiveupandalwaysgoalloutforeveryopportunitytowin."4．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toexplaintherulesofthespeedskatingevent.B．Tointroducespeedskatersfromdifferentcountries.C．Toshowtheresultoftheshort-trackspeedskatingrace.D．TostresstheimportanceoftheChineseteam'svictory.5．Whywasthemixed2000mrelayracerestarted?A．Twoathletesfelldownaccidentallyinthefinalrace.B．Thestartingpistolwasfiredatthewrongtime.C．Someplayersbroketherulesinthecompetition.D．Theskatingtrackwasnotingoodcondition.6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords"cutthedeficit"probablymeaninparagraph3?A．Scoredthesame. B．Broketherecord.C．Losttherace. D．Missedthematch.7．Whatcanwelearnfromtheshorttrackteam'ssuccess?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess. B．Wellbegun,halfdone.C．Eachcoinhastwosides. D．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Inanewstudy,scientistsanalyzedbloodsamplesfrom22healthydonatorsandfoundmicroplastics(微塑料)in17.HalfthesamplescontainedPETplastic,whichiscommonlyusedindrinksbottles,whileathirdcontainedpolystyrene(聚苯乙烯),whichisusedforpackagingfoodandotherproducts.Aquarterofthebloodsamplescontainedpolyethylene,fromwhichplasticcarrierbagsaremade."Previousworkhadshownthatmicroplasticswere10timeshigherinthewasteofbabiescomparedwithadultsandthatbabiesfedwithplasticbottlesareswallowingmillionsofmicroplasticparticles(微粒)aday.Wealsoknowingeneralthatbabiesaremoresensitivetochemicalandparticleexposure,"saidProfDickVethaak,ascientistatVrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam."Thatworriesmealot."Thenewresearchadaptedexistingtechniquestodetectandanalyzeparticlesassmallas0.0007mm.Someofthebloodsamplescontainedtwoorthreetypesofplastic.Theteamusedsteelneedlesandglasstubestoavoidpollutionandtestedforbackgroundlevelsofmicroplasticsusingblanksamples.Vethaakacknowledgedthattheamountandtypeofplasticvariedbetweenthebloodsamples."Butthisisapioneeringstudy,"hesaid,"withmoreworknowneeded."Hesaidthedifferencesmightreflectshort-termexposurebeforethebloodsamplesweretaken,suchasdrinkingfromaplasticcoffeecuporwearingaplasticfacemask."Aretheparticlespreservedinthebody?Aretheytransportedtocertainorgans?Andaretheselevelshighenoughtocausedisease?"Vethaaksaid."Moredetailedresearchonhowmicroplasticsaffectthestructuresandprocessesofthehumanbody,andwhetherandhowtheycantransformcellsandhowtheymaycausecancer,isurgentlyneeded.Theproblemisbecomingmoreurgenteachday,"Vethaakadded.8．Whatdoesthenewstudyinparagraph1show?A．Microplasticpollutionisharmfultohumanhealth.B．Drinksbottlescontainmoremicroplasticsthanplasticcarrierbags.C．Microplasticshavebeenfoundinhumanbloodbyscientists.D．Foodpackagingisthemainsourceofmicroplasticsinthehumanbody.9．WhatmakesVethaakworriedinparagraph2?A．Thefoodfedtobabies. B．Themassproductionofplasticbottles.C．Theeffectofmicroplasticsonbabies. D．Theincreasingamountofchemicalsinfool.10．WhatmightcausemicroplasticstovarybetweenbloodsamplesaccordingtoProfDickVethaak?A．Varioussamplingtime. B．Short-termexposuretoplasticsbeforesampling.C．Differentwaysofsampling. D．Pollutionofbloodsamples.11．WhatistheVethaak'sattitudetotheeffectsofmicroplasticsonhumanbodyfromthelastparagraph?A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Joyful. D．Anxious.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Everydriverlovessailingthroughaseriesofgreenlightswithouthavingtostopandwaitatatrafficlight.Now,thankstoartificialintelligence,Germanresearchershavefoundawaytoreducetimespentatcrossings.CalledtheKI4LSAprojectandfundedbytheMinistryofTransportandDigitalInfrastructure,theinnovationisbeingtested.Scientistsfirststudiedalgorithms(算法)takenfromabusycrossingtolearnabouttrafficpatternsandwhereimprovementsweremostneeded.Thereisagreatnecessitytospeedupwaitingtimesatcrossingsastraditionalmethodsareinflexible,accordingtotheFraunhoferInstitute.ThenewAImethodusesradarsensorsandhigh-resolutioncamerastointerprettrafficpatternsinreal-time.Theycandeterminethespeedoftrafficaswellaswaitingtimesandcombinethiswithalgorithms.ScientistsarecurrentlytryingthisoutatabusycrossinginLemgo,Germany,withencouragingresults.Theintelligentlightsaresaidtoimprovetrafficflowby10to15percent,whichresultsinmoneysaved;theEUestimatesthattrafficjamscreateeconomicdamagethataddsupto100billioneurosayear.Apartfromreducingcommutingtime,thesetrafficlightswillreducenoiseandCO2emissionsfromcarsidling(空轉(zhuǎn))atcrossings.AnotherexcitingdevelopmentinthisresearchistheK14PEDproject,whichstudiespedestrianspassingcrossings.UsingAI,researcherscanidentifyhowmanypeoplearewaitingatapedestriancrossingandwhethersomeofthesepeoplewillneedextratimetocrossthestreet.Usinga3Dpointscloud,theycantellifsomeonehasdisabilitiesoriselderlywithoutidentifyingtheindividual.Becausepedestrianbuttonsthatarepresentlyatcrossingscannotdetermineifsomepeoplehavespecialneedsorareelderly,thisisarealwin.Suchaneeds-basedsystemcouldreducepedestrianwaitingtimeby30percent,whichcouldthendecreasejaywalking(亂穿馬路)by25percent.Testingwillbedoneuntilthelatesummerof2022intheGermantownsofLemgoandBielefeld,withresearchersoptimisticthatitwillbeadoptedbymanycountries.Thistechnologyisexcitingnewsforpedestriansanddriversalike.Itencouragessafety,protectstheenvironment,andmayevengiveyoumoretimetoenjoyyourmorningcoffeebeforeheadingofftowork!12．WhatisthefunctionofAIintheKI4LSAproject?A．Toavoidnoisepollution. B．Tocontrolthespeedoftraffic.C．Toremindpeopleoftrafficrulesatcrossings. D．Toprovidereal-timeinformationabouttraffic.13．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Waysofimprovingtrafficflow. B．Thedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.C．Theeffectoftrafficjamsontheenvironment. D．Advantagescausedbytheintelligentlights.14．WhatcanwelearnabouttheK14PEDproject?A．Itcanbehelpfultopedestrianswithspecialneeds. B．Itcanidentifytheindividualaccurately.C．Itcanavoidtrafficaccidentswitha3Dpointscloud. D．Ithasbeenappliedtostreetsinmanycountries.15．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheBrightFutureofAITechnology B．TheIntelligentTrafficLights:ABlessingforallC．DigitalTrafficSystem:ASignofSmartCites D．TheNewTrafficServiceforOldCitizens二、任務型閱讀（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Anapologytellssomeonethatwearesorryforthehurtwecausedevenifwedidn'tdoitonpurpose.16．Apologiesareoneofthetoolsthatweusetobuildgoodfriendshipsandrelationships.Whenyousay"Iamsorry"andreallymeanit,it'sbecauseyouprobablyfeelbadthatsomethingyoudidorsaidhurttheotherperson.Sayingyou'resorryismorethanjustwords.Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalitebetter.17．Whenyouapologizeinacaringway,youcanfeelgoodbecauseyouaretryingtomakethingsrightagain.Doesapologizingfixeverything?Sometimesasincere"Iamsorry"fixeseverythingrightaway.Othertimes,itmighttakeawhileforsomeonetogetpast(通過)feelingupset.Youmayneedtogivetheotherpersonsometime.Evenafteryousayyouaresorry,heorshemightstillfeelbadaboutwhatyousaidordid.18．Whatifyouhavebeenhurt?19．.However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithoutmakinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecausesomeoneapologizes,yetitdoesn'tmeanyouhavetobefriends.20．,anythingmoreisuptoyou!A.Howshouldweapologize?B.Whyshouldweapologize?C.Althoughit'spolitetoacceptanapology,D.Theotherpersonwillprobablyfeelbetter,too.E.Whenheorshedoessomethingwrong,F.Whensomeoneapologizestoyou,youmaywelcomeit.G.Butatleastyoucanfeelgoodaboutapologizingorfixingthemistake.三、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenIwas16,Iwroteabucketlist.ThiswasalistofthingsthatIwantedtodoinmylifetime.Oneofthethingsonmybucketlistwastodoa(n)21．.TwoyearsagoIspentthreemonthstravelingaroundSouthAmerica.We22．somanyplacesanditwasagreatexperience.Oneofthemost23．thingswesawwasIguassuFalls.Thedayafterwevisitedthewaterfallswewere24．inahotelinBrazil,havingbreakfast.Myfriendthensuddenly25．a(chǎn)nadonthewallsaying"SkydiveoverIguassuFallstoday!"Welookedateachotheranddecideditwastimetodosomething26．.Todaywouldbethedaythatwewouldjumpoutofa27．.ThatafternoonwewerepickedupandtakentotheSkydiveCenter.Weputonourgear(裝備)andweweregivensome28．,Aftersigningafewpaperswewereonourwaytotheplane!Therewere14ofusinaverysmallspaceaswetookoffintothe29．.Thisiswhenmyheartstartedto30．veryfast.Suddenlywewere3,000metersabovetheground.31．,IwastiedtoaninstructorsoIdidn'thaveto32．a(chǎn)nything.HeaskedmeifIwas33．tofallfromtheplane,butbeforeIhadtimeto34．,Ifeltthewindrushingagainstmyfaceaswefelltothegroundat200kilometersanhour!Everythingbelowmelookedsosmallandmy35．wassimplytakenaway.Afterabout20secondsof36．,theparachute(降落傘)openedandeverything37．.WefloatedpeacefullytowardEarth,leavingthecloudsbehindus.Thiswasdefinitelyoneofthescariestbutmost38．experiencesofmylife.Thefeelingoffallingfromsohighisamazing.IwoulddefinitelydoanotherskydiveifIhadtheopportunity.Iwouldalsolovetotryother39．sportssuchasbungeejumping(蹦極).Ithinkthateveryoneshoulddosomethingthat40．themonceinawhile.21．A．dive B．skydive C．experiment D．research22．A．left B．passed C．visited D．missed23．A．insignificant B．shocking C．different D．a(chǎn)mazing24．A．reading B．working C．hiding D．relaxing25．A．noticed B．recognized C．remembered D．reviewed26．A．beautiful B．strange C．crazy D．funny27．A．ship B．car C．train D．plane28．A．tests B．instructions C．warnings D．lectures29．A．a(chǎn)ir B．water C．space D．forest30．A．sink B．beat C．knock D．hit31．A．Frankly B．Eventually C．Entirely D．Fortunately32．A．worryabout B．helpout C．focuson D．findout33．A．capable B．ready C．likely D．free34．A．check B．inquire C．a(chǎn)nswer D．a(chǎn)rgue35．A．heart B．mind C．concern D．breath36．A．flying B．falling C．rising D．shaking37．A．letmedown B．cametolife C．sloweddown D．spedup38．A．exciting B．inspiring C．a(chǎn)nnoying D．exhausting39．A．extreme B．field C．strength D．team40．A．bothers B．scares C．challenges D．satisfies四、任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或者括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，TheMinistryofEducationrecentlyreleasedanewcurriculum(課程)standardforlaboreducationincompulsoryeducation.Primaryschoolstudentsinfirstandsecond41．(grade)needtodobasiccleaningwashvegetablesandpeelfruit,andlearntoraiseoneortwokindsofplantsorsmallanimals.Thirdandfourthgradersshouldcleantheirclassrooms,washtheirunderwear,socksandshoes,know42．tomakecolddishesandusehomeappliances.Fifthandsixthgradersshouldmaster43．skillsofcookingtwoorthreecommondishes,suchasfriedeggs,orscrambledeggswithtomato.Formiddleschoolstudents,they44．(encourage)torookthreeorfourdishes45．(independent),learnhowtomakeoneortwokindsoftraditionalhandicrafts46．experienceoneortwotypesofindustriallabor,newtechnologies,modemserviceorvolunteerwork.Thenewcurriculumcallsforthe47．(participate)offamiliesinstudents'laboreducation.Schoolsshouldusevariousmeans48．(help)parentsrealizetheimportanceoflaboreducationandhelpparentsmakehouseholdliststoimprovestudents'independence.Thecurriculumhasbeendiscussedonsocialmedia.Netizenswelcomedtheinclusionofsuchcoursesandsaid49．isnecessarytoteachyoungstudentsbasicskills.Somehaveregrettednot50．(learn)suchskillsduringtheirschooldays.五、短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）51．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均只限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Howmanyhoursdoyousleepaday?GuAiling,whoanswerwas10hours,saidthatsheslept14houronenight,from8pmto10amthenextday.Shejokingsaid,"Itwasthingworth‘showingoff'."Goodsleepisseentoashersecretweapontosuccess.Sinceayoungage,bothsheandhismotherhavebeenpayingattentiontohersleep.Guonlyskiedonweekendsfromtheageof8to14toensureshehasenoughsleep.Calledhermotherthe"sleeppolice",shewouldalwaysbepushedtosleepmore.Gu'ssuccessshowstheimportantofenoughsleepforyoungpeople.Makesuretogetsufficientlysleepeveryday.六、書面表達（滿分25分）52．假定你是李華，你校將于今年國慶節(jié)之際舉辦中華文化展。請你寫信邀請你的好友Robert參加。須包含以下要點：1）時間和地點；2）展出內(nèi)容及意義。注意：1）詞數(shù)100左右；2）可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，對五個網(wǎng)站上的歌劇及管弦樂等樂曲作品的演出時間，內(nèi)容及購票等細節(jié)做了介紹?！军c評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進行理解。1．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“OperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742..”音樂廳歌?。河軜浣?243號。從6月持續(xù)到8月，在3月和9月有額外的演出。歌劇榮譽EnjoytheArts享受會員折扣。電話：241-2742。)”可知，如果你想看歌劇，應該去。故選C。2．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM)：Performancesareonthemaincampusoftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.”演出在大學的主校區(qū)，通常在帕特麗夏·科貝特劇院；以及“StudentswithID.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.”持身份證的學生可以免費參加活動?？芍?，學生可以憑身份證去PatriciaCobbettTheater免費看演出。故選A。3．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).”大型室外劇院，提供最接近的座位（價格差異）和對比其他信息可知，只有RiverbendMusicTheater是室外劇院，有提供露天座位。因此，RiverbendMusicTheater和其他地方不同的是它有露天座位。故選B?！敬鸢浮?．C5．A6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了中國在北京2022年冬奧會短道速滑2000米混合團體接力比賽中摘得首金的事情。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。4．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“OnFebruary5,2022,ChinaclaimeditsfirstgoldattheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGamesinthe2000mmixedteamrelayofshorttrackspeedskating.TheChinesequartetofFanKexin,QuChunyu,RenZiweiandWuDajingstormedtoathrillingvictoryattheBeijingWinterOlympicsin2:37.348.ItalytookthesilverandHungarybaggedthebronze.”2022年2月5日，中國在北京2022年冬奧會短道速滑2000米混合團體接力比賽中摘得首金。在北京冬奧會上，范可欣、曲春雨、任子威和武大靖四人組合以2分37秒348的成績?nèi)〉昧梭@心動魄的勝利。意大利獲得銀牌，匈牙利獲得銅牌?？芍?，第一段的目的是展示短道速滑比賽的結(jié)果。故選C。5．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“OlympicsilvermedalistFanskatedthefirstlegofthefinalrace,buttheracewasrestartedasCanadianandHungarianathletesfelldownsoonafterthestartingpistol(發(fā)令槍)wasfired.”奧運會銀牌得主Fan在決賽中滑了第一回合，但在發(fā)令槍響后不久，加拿大和匈牙利運動員摔倒，比賽重新開始?？芍匦麻_始2000米混合式接力賽是因為兩名運動員在決賽中意外摔倒。故選A。6．考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheItaliansfinished0.016secondsbehindChina.”意大利隊落后中國隊0.016秒，可知，兩隊之間的差距非常非常小，幾乎是一樣的分數(shù)，因此cutthedeficit意為“得分相同”，和A選項意思相近，故選A。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“We'vebeentraininghardeveryday”我們每天都在刻苦訓練；以及“Wenevergiveupandalwaysgoalloutforeveryopportunitytowin.”我們從不放棄，總是全力以赴，爭取每一個勝利的機會可知，這個團隊訓練得很辛苦，才有了好的成績，因此我們可以從短道速滑隊的成功中學到的是：自助者天助，即Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves，故選D?！敬鸢浮?．C9．C10．B11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在一項新的研究中，科學家分析了22名健康獻血者的血液樣本，在17名獻血者中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inanewstudy,scientistsanalyzedbloodsamplesfrom22healthydonatorsandfoundmicroplastics(微塑料)in17.”在一項新的研究中，科學家分析了22名健康獻血者的血液樣本，在17名獻血者中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。可知，第一段的新研究表明了科學家在人類血液中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。故選C。9．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Previousworkhadshownthatmicroplasticswere10timeshigherinthewasteofbabiescomparedwithadultsandthatbabiesfedwithplasticbottlesareswallowingmillionsofmicroplasticparticles(微粒)aday.Wealsoknowingeneralthatbabiesaremoresensitivetochemicalandparticleexposure”之前的研究表明，嬰兒排泄物中的微粒是成人排泄物的10倍，用塑料瓶喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒每天吞咽數(shù)百萬塑料微粒。我們也知道，一般來說，嬰兒對接觸化學物質(zhì)和粒子更敏感?？芍?，Vethaak在第二段中擔心的是微塑料對嬰兒的影響。故選C。10．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Vethaakacknowledgedthattheamountandtypeofplasticvariedbetweenthebloodsamples.‘Butthisisapioneeringstudy,'hesaid,‘withmoreworknowneeded.'Hesaidthedifferencesmightreflectshort-termexposurebeforethebloodsamplesweretaken,suchasdrinkingfromaplasticcoffeecuporwearingaplasticfacemask.”Vethaak承認，血液樣本中塑料的數(shù)量和類型各不相同?！暗@是一項開創(chuàng)性的研究，”他說，“現(xiàn)在還需要做更多的工作?！彼f，這種差異可能反映了血樣采集前的短期接觸，比如用塑料咖啡杯喝咖啡或戴塑料口罩。可知，根據(jù)DickVethaak教授的說法，導致不同血液樣本之間的微塑料不同的原因是取樣前短期接觸塑料。故選B。11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Moredetailedresearchonhowmicroplasticsaffectthestructuresandprocessesofthehumanbody,andwhetherandhowtheycantransformcellsandhowtheymaycausecancer,isurgentlyneeded.Theproblemisbecomingmoreurgenteachday”迫切需要對微塑料如何影響人體結(jié)構(gòu)和過程，以及它們是否和如何轉(zhuǎn)化細胞，以及它們?nèi)绾慰赡軐е掳┌Y進行更詳細的研究。這個問題每天都變得更加緊迫?？芍琕ethaak對微塑料對人體的影響的態(tài)度是擔心的，即anxious。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．D13．D14．A15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，利用人工智能，德國研究人員找到了一種減少十字路口停留時間的方法?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，段落大意和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內(nèi)容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。12．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThenewAImethodusesradarsensorsandhigh-resolutioncamerastointerprettrafficpatternsinreal-time.”這種新的人工智能方法使用雷達傳感器和高分辨率攝像頭實時解讀交通模式?？芍?，人工智能在KI4LSA項目中的作用是提供實時的交通信息。故選D。13．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段“Theintelligentlightsaresaidtoimprovetrafficflowby10to15percent,whichresultsinmoneysaved;theEUestimatesthattrafficjamscreateeconomicdamagethataddsupto100billioneurosayear.Apartfromreducingcommutingtime,thesetrafficlightswillreducenoiseandCO2emissionsfromcarsidling(空轉(zhuǎn))atcrossings.”據(jù)說，智能燈可以使交通流量提高10%到15%，從而節(jié)省了資金；歐盟估計，交通擁堵每年造成的經(jīng)濟損失總計達1000億歐元。除了減少通勤時間，這些交通信號燈還將減少在十字路口怠速行駛的汽車產(chǎn)生的噪音和二氧化碳排放?？芍?，第四段主要講述了智能燈的優(yōu)點。故選D。14．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AnotherexcitingdevelopmentinthisresearchistheK14PEDproject,whichstudiespedestrianspassingcrossings.UsingAI,researcherscanidentifyhowmanypeoplearewaitingatapedestriancrossingandwhethersomeofthesepeoplewillneedextratimetocrossthestreet.Usinga3Dpointscloud,theycantellifsomeonehasdisabilitiesoriselderlywithoutidentifyingtheindividual.”這項研究中另一個令人興奮的進展是K14PED項目，它研究行人通過十字路口。通過人工智能，研究人員可以確定有多少人在人行橫道前等待，以及其中一些人是否需要額外的時間過馬路。通過使用3D點云，它們可以在不識別個體的情況下分辨出某人是殘疾人還是老年人?？芍琄14PED項目的特殊之處在于可以滿足有特殊需求的行人。故選A。15．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“Everydriverlovessailingthroughaseriesofgreenlightswithouthavingtostopandwaitatatrafficlight.Now,thankstoartificialintelligence,Germanresearchershavefoundawaytoreducetimespentatcrossings.”每個司機都喜歡通過一系列的綠燈，而不必在紅綠燈前停下來等待。現(xiàn)在，多虧了人工智能，德國研究人員找到了一種減少十字路口停留時間的方法?？芍?，本文主要講述了利用人工智能，德國研究人員找到了一種減少十字路口停留時間的方法。因此“智能燈：交通的福音”是最佳標題。故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．B；17．D；18．G；19．F；20．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了道歉能夠讓我們傷害到的人感受到我們的歉意。文章從三個問題著手，介紹與道歉相關(guān)的三方面的內(nèi)容，即我們?yōu)槭裁吹狼?？道歉是否能解決一切？以及要是我們被傷害了呢？作者告訴了我們道歉的必要性，重要作用以及自己受傷害應該怎么應對。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇教育類閱讀，要求在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空后“Apologiesareoneofthetoolsthatweusetobuildgoodfriendshipsandrelationships.Whenyousay'Iamsorry'andreallymeanit,it'sbecauseyouprobablyfeelbadthatsomethingyoudidorsaidhurttheotherperson.Sayingyou'resorryismorethanjustwords.Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalitebetter.”道歉是我們用來建立良好友誼和關(guān)系的工具之一。當你真心實意地說“對不起”的時候，那可能是因為你對自己的所作所為傷害了他人而感到難過。說對不起不僅僅是口頭上的。也說明你尊重對方，你關(guān)心他或她的感受。道歉之后，你可能會感覺好一點。可知，這段講述的是道歉的好處，它不僅是我們建立好的友誼和關(guān)系的工具之一。它也會讓我們傷到的人感受到我們尊重他們的感受。因此，此處是在回答為什么道歉這個問題。由此處考查小標題可知，B.Whyshouldweapologize?“我們?yōu)槭裁匆狼?？”符合語境。故選B。17．根據(jù)空前“Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalittlebetter.”也說明你尊重對方，你關(guān)心他或她的感受。道歉之后，你可能會感覺好一點?？芍狼钢竽銜杏X好多了，而被傷害的人，知道你對他或她的感受很在意，他們也會感到好很多。D.Theotherpersonwillprobablyfeelbetter,too.“另一個人可能也會感覺好些”符合語境，選項中的theother呼應上文的theotherperson。故選D。18．根據(jù)空前“Sometimesasincere'Iamsorry'fixeseverythingrightaway.Othertimes,itmighttakeawhileforsomeonetogetpast(通過)feelingupset.Youmayneedtogivetheotherpersonsometime.Evenafteryousayyouaresorry,heorshemightstillfeelbadaboutwhatyousaidordid.”有時候一句真誠的“對不起”可以立刻解決一切。其他時候，一個人可能需要一段時間才能擺脫不安。你可能需要給對方一些時間。即使你說了對不起，他或她可能仍然對你所說的或所做的感到難過。可知，其他時候，道歉并不能一下子讓你傷害的人感覺很好，他們也需要時間去消化。但是不管怎么說，你至少會因為在解決所犯的錯而感覺良好。G.Butatleastyoucanfeelgoodaboutapologizingorfixingthemistake.“但至少你可以對道歉或糾正錯誤感到高興”符合語境，其中“fixingthemistake”對應前文的“fixingeverything”，并且從語意上G選項跟前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選G。19．根據(jù)本段小標題“Whatifyouhavebeenhurt?”如果你被傷害了怎么辦？；以及空后“However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithoutmakinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecausesomeoneapologizes,yetitdoesn'tmeanyouhavetobefriends.”然而，如果一個人不停地傷害你，不停地道歉，卻不努力改變，你可能就不想和他交朋友了。只是因為有人道歉，但這并不意味著你們必須成為朋友。可知，選項應該既要回答小標題的問題，也要與后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。F.Whensomeoneapologizestoyou,youmaywelcomeit.“當某人跟你道歉時，你可能會接受。”可知，你被傷害了，某人跟你道歉，你可能會接受。是對小標題的回答，也與下文承接自然。故選F。20．根據(jù)空前“However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithoutmakinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecausesomeoneapologizes,yetitdoesn'tmeanyouhavetobefriends.”然而，如果一個人不停地傷害你，不停地道歉，卻不努力改變，你可能就不想和他交朋友了。只是因為有人道歉，但這并不意味著你們必須成為朋友；以及空后“anythingmoreisuptoyou!”其他事就看你的了！可知，如果一個人一直傷害你，一直道歉就是不改變，緊緊因為某人道歉了，并不意味著你要和他或她成為朋友。C.Althoughit'spolitetoacceptanapology,“雖然接受道歉是禮貌的”符合語意。故選C?！敬鸢浮?1．B；22．C；23．D；24．D；25．A；26．C；27．D；28．B；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．A；33．B；34．C；35．D；36．B；37．C；38．A；39．A；40．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己一次跳傘的經(jīng)歷，作者認為這生命中最恐怖但也是最激動人心的經(jīng)歷之一。每個人都應該偶爾做一些讓自己害怕的事情。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。

21．句意：我遺愿清單上的一件事就是做一次高空跳傘。A.dive“潛水”；B.skydive“跳傘”；C.experiment“實驗”；D.research“研究”。根據(jù)下文“SkydiveoverIguassuFallstoday!”可知作者想要跳傘。故選B。22．句意：我們參觀了很多地方，這是一次很棒的經(jīng)歷。A.left“離開”；B.passed“通過”；C.visited“參觀”；D.missed“錯過”。根據(jù)空前“TwoyearsagoIspentthreemonthstravelingaroundSouthAmerica.”可知指他們在旅游的時候參觀了很多地方。故選C。23．句意：我們看到的最神奇的事情之一是伊瓜蘇瀑布。A.insignificant“不重要的”；B.shocking“令人震驚的”；C.different“不同的”；D.amazing“令人驚奇的”。根據(jù)空后“thingswesawwasIguassuFalls”可知，看到伊瓜蘇瀑布是最神奇的事情之一。故選D。24．句意：參觀瀑布的第二天，我們在巴西的一家酒店里吃早餐，放松一下。A.reading“閱讀”；B.working“工作”；C.hiding“隱藏”；D.relaxing“放松”。根據(jù)空后“inahotelinBrazil,havingbreakfast”指他們在酒店吃早餐放松。故選D。25．句意：然后我的朋友突然注意到墻上的一則廣告，上面寫著“今天從伊瓜蘇瀑布跳傘!”A.noticed“注意到”；B.recognized“識別”；C.remembered“記得”；D.reviewed“回顧”。根據(jù)空后“anadonthewall”指朋友注意到墻上的廣告。故選A。26．句意：我們面面相覷，決定是時候做點瘋狂的事了。A.beautiful“美麗的”；B.strange“奇怪的”；C.crazy“瘋狂的”；D.funny“有趣的”。他們臨時決定去跳傘，所以是瘋狂的事情。故選C。27．句意：今天將是我們從飛機上跳下來的日子。A.ship“船”；B.car“汽車”；C.train“火車”；D.plane“飛機”。根據(jù)下文“Aftersigningafewpaperswewereonourwaytotheplane!”指從飛機上跳傘。故選D。28．句意：我們穿上裝備，得到了一些指導。A.t