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目錄課標(biāo)知識(shí)圖譜高頻考點(diǎn)精研專題十一簡(jiǎn)單句考點(diǎn)1簡(jiǎn)單句的基本類型考點(diǎn)2陳述句和疑問句考點(diǎn)3祈使句和感嘆句考點(diǎn)突破課標(biāo)知識(shí)圖譜1
高頻考點(diǎn)精研2
簡(jiǎn)單句的基本類型簡(jiǎn)單句的基本類型類型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞舉例或說明示例主語(yǔ)(S)+
不及物動(dòng)詞
(V)常見的不及物動(dòng)詞有arrive,
sleep,walk,happen,
come,go,laugh,die,rise
等We
worked
in
the
same
company.我們?cè)谕患夜旧?/p>
班。類型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞舉例或說明示例主語(yǔ)(S)+
系動(dòng)詞(V)
+表語(yǔ)(P)常見的系動(dòng)詞有be,become,
grow,turn,fall,get,
look,feel,smell,sound,
taste,seem等He
became
a
scientist
like
his
father.他成了一名像
他父親一樣的科學(xué)家。類型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞舉例或說明示例主語(yǔ)(S)+
及物動(dòng)詞
(V)+賓語(yǔ)
(O)常見的及物動(dòng)詞有practise,
borrow,lend,cover,
discover,
enjoy,forget,guess,
invent,use,put,like,
know,raise等He
practises
the
piano
every
day.他每天練習(xí)鋼
琴。類型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞舉例或說明示例主語(yǔ)(S)+
及物動(dòng)詞
(V)+間接
賓語(yǔ)(IO)+
直接賓語(yǔ)
(DO)間接賓語(yǔ)一般指人,直接賓語(yǔ)
一般指物。常見可帶雙賓語(yǔ)的
及物動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,pass,lend,
send,show,buy,make,
find,teach等They
offered
him
a
good
suggestion.他們給他提供
了一個(gè)好建議。類型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞舉例或說明示例主語(yǔ)(S)+
及物動(dòng)詞
(V)+賓語(yǔ)
(O)+賓語(yǔ)
補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(OC)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容
詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等充當(dāng)。常見
可帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有
make,call,find,have,
ask,tell,
keep,want,hear等I
saw
him
go
into
the
classroom.我看到他走進(jìn)
了教室。重難點(diǎn)there
be句型(存現(xiàn)句)①“there
is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地或某時(shí)有某物或
某人”。There
are
two
apples
on
the
table.桌子上有兩個(gè)蘋果。②there
be句型中的be(is/are)和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面保持一致。There
is
a
school
on
that
road.那條路上有一所學(xué)校。There
are
two
girls
at
the
school
gate.學(xué)校門口有兩個(gè)女孩。③有并列主語(yǔ)的情況下,根據(jù)第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定動(dòng)詞be
的形式。There
is
a
pen
and
two
books
on
the
desk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。There
are
two
red
apples
and
a
green
apple
on
the
tree.樹上有兩個(gè)紅蘋果和一
個(gè)綠蘋果。④there
be句型的一般將來時(shí)為:there
will
be/there
is/are
going
to
be+主語(yǔ)
(+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn))。Look
at
the
dark
cloud!There
is
going
to
be
heavy
rain.看那烏云!快要下大
雨了。
陳述句和疑問句一、陳述句陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達(dá)一種看法,有肯定形式和否定形式,句
末用問號(hào)。1.
陳述句的肯定形式陳述句的肯定形式表示肯定意義,通常由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)以及其他成分構(gòu)成。This
volunteer
often
does
some
shopping
for
the
old
man.這位志愿者經(jīng)常為那
位老人買東西。[七下-Unit
2]①如果句子的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are/was/were)、助動(dòng)詞
(will/would/have/has/had等)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/may/must等),其否定式是
在它們之后加not。I
am
not
tall.我個(gè)子不高。[七上-Unit
1]②如果句子的謂語(yǔ)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其否定形式是“do/does/did+not+動(dòng)詞原
形”。She
does
not
like
sports.她不喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。[七上-Unit
2]2.
陳述句的否定形式
①常見否定式的縮寫形式:is
not=isn’t;
are
not=aren’t;
was
not=
wasn’t;
were
not=weren’t;
do
not=don’t;
does
not=doesn’t;
did
not=
didn’t;
will
not=won’t;
would
not=wouldn’t;
shall
not=shan’t;
have
not
=haven’t;
has
not=hasn’t;
had
not=hadn’t;
can
not=can’t;
must
not=
mustn’t;
need
not=needn’t。②am和may與not無(wú)縮寫形式。③表示否定意義的詞no,
never,
hardly,
seldom,
little,
few等也可以構(gòu)
成間接的否定形式。拓展易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)部分否定和全部否定含有both,
all,
everything,
everyone(everybody)等肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?/p>
時(shí),應(yīng)把這些詞分別改為neither,
none,
nothing,
no
one
(nobody);如
果在這些詞前加not,為部分否定。肯定句:We
both
are
teachers.我們兩個(gè)都是教師。否定句:Neither
of
us
is
teacher.我們兩個(gè)都不是教師。部分否定:Not
both
of
us
are
teachers.我們兩個(gè)并非都是教師。三、疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的句子,句末用問號(hào)。它主要包括一般疑問
句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。1.
一般疑問句一般疑問句通常用yes或no來回答。有時(shí)也可以用certainly,sure,of
course,all
right,with
pleasure等代替yes;用never,not
at
all,sorry等代
替no。類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句以系動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are/was/were)開頭以助動(dòng)詞(do/does/did/will/would/have/has等)開頭以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/may/must等)開頭She
lives
in
Jiangsu.她住在江蘇?!璂oes
she
live
in
Jiangsu?她住在江蘇嗎?-Yes,she
does./No,she
doesn’t.——是的,她住在江蘇。/不,她不住在江蘇。妙記變一般疑問句的口訣疑問變化不用愁,be助情提句首;如果謂語(yǔ)是實(shí)義,do,
does,
did放句首,動(dòng)詞原形在主語(yǔ)后。2.
特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的以尋求信息為目的的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。疑問
詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組:類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問句疑問代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)引導(dǎo)疑問副詞(when,why,where,how)引導(dǎo)疑問詞組(how
many,how
much,how
often,how
long,
how
soon,how
old,how
far,what
time等)引導(dǎo)①疑問代詞有:what(什么),who(誰(shuí)),which(哪一個(gè),哪些),
whose(誰(shuí)的),whom(who的賓格“誰(shuí)”)。-Who
is
your
English
teacher?誰(shuí)是你的英語(yǔ)老師?-Miss
Yang
is
my
teacher.楊老師是我的英語(yǔ)老師。②疑問副詞有:when(何時(shí)),where(何地),why(為什么)和how
(怎樣)。-When
did
you
come
Taizhou?你是什么時(shí)候來到泰州的?-In
2023.2023年。③疑問詞組:how
soon(多久以后),how
long(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,多長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)度),
how
often(多久一次),how
far(多遠(yuǎn))等。-How
soon
will
the
class
meeting
begin?再過多久家長(zhǎng)會(huì)開始?-In
thirty
minutes.三十分鐘后。3.
選擇疑問句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對(duì)方選擇一種情況回答的疑問句叫
選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句中的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接,回答時(shí)不用
yes或no,而要用一個(gè)完整的句子或其省略形式。語(yǔ)調(diào)一般是前升后降。選
擇疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)示例選擇疑問句一般疑問句+or+被選
擇部分?-Do
you
like
bananas
or
apples?你喜歡香蕉還是蘋果?-I
like
apples.我喜歡蘋果。特殊疑問句+A+or+
B?-Which
would
you
like
better,tea
or
coffee?你更喜歡哪種,茶還是咖啡?-I
like
coffee
better.我更喜歡咖啡。4.
反意疑問句類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)示例反意疑問句肯定陳述句+一般疑
問句的否定簡(jiǎn)略式?She
can
drive
a
car,can’t
she?她會(huì)開
車,不是嗎?否定陳述句+一般疑
問句的肯定簡(jiǎn)略式?You’re
not
going
out
tonight,are
you?你今晚不出去了,是嗎?提醒如果陳述部分含有否定詞no,
little,
none,
nobody,
nothing,
few等時(shí),其附加
疑問部分用肯定形式。He
ate
nothing
at
night,did
he?他晚上什么都沒吃,對(duì)嗎?
祈使句和感嘆句一、祈使句表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、勸告、警告或禁止等的句子是祈使句。
祈使句的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱時(shí),常省略。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形,句末用句號(hào)
或感嘆號(hào)。1.
肯定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Do型動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語(yǔ)+其
他)Sit
down,please.請(qǐng)坐下。Be型Be+表語(yǔ)(+其他)Be
quiet.安靜。Let型Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形
(+其他)Let
me
look
at
it.讓我看看它。2.
否定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Do型Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)
(+其他)Don’t
open
the
window.不要打開窗。Be型Don’t+be+表語(yǔ)+其他Don’t
be
late
for
class.上課不要遲到。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Let型Don’t
+let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞
原形(+其他)Don’t
let
him
go.不要讓他走。Let+賓語(yǔ)+not+動(dòng)詞原
形(+其他)Let
him
not
go.讓他不要走。No/Never型No+doing/n.禁止……Never+do(原形)+…
永遠(yuǎn)不要……No
photos!禁止拍照!Never
give
up!永不放棄!提醒有時(shí)在意思明確的情況下,祈使句中的動(dòng)詞也可省略。This
way,
please!請(qǐng)這邊走。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例以what引導(dǎo)What+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)
名詞單數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂
語(yǔ))!What
a
wonderful
book(it
is)!
(它是一本)多么棒的書??!What+adj.+可數(shù)名詞
復(fù)數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂
語(yǔ))!What
important
jobs(they
have
done)?。ㄋ麄冏隽耍┒嗝粗匾墓ぷ靼?!二、感嘆句感嘆句是用來表示喜怒哀樂等感情的句子。一般用what或how引導(dǎo),句
末用感嘆號(hào)。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例以what引導(dǎo)What+adj.+不可數(shù)名
詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!What
good
news(it
is)?。ㄟ@
是)多好的消息啊!以how引導(dǎo)How+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)
名詞單數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂
語(yǔ))!How
useful
a
subject(it
is)?。ㄟ@
是)多么有用的一門學(xué)科??!How+adj./adv.(+主
語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!How
delicious(the
noodles
are)!
(面條)多么美味啊!How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!How
time
flies!時(shí)間過得真快??!妙記感嘆句很好辨,what,
how放句前;感嘆名詞用what,其余how沖在前。拓展
1.
在陳述句、祈使句句尾加感嘆號(hào)稱感嘆句,用來表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。Daniel
runs
so
fast!丹尼爾跑得真快??!Be
careful!小心!2.
用一個(gè)詞或詞組表示強(qiáng)烈感情的句子也是感嘆句。Great!真棒!Look
out!小心!3.
句首有感嘆詞的句子也是感嘆句。Ah,
I
love
my
hometown!啊,我愛我的家鄉(xiāng)!考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1
簡(jiǎn)單句的基本類型1.
(2024南京鼓樓一模)Which
of
the
following
sentences
has
the
same
structure
as
“Running
is
a
good
way
to
exercise.”?
?A.People
who
run
will
have
a
healthier
heart.B.Running
gives
you
a
chance
to
enjoy
views.C.You
can
hear
the
wind
blowing
while
running.D.Starting
an
exercising
habit
sounds
wonderful.D
2.
(2024揚(yáng)州儀征一模)The
structure
of
the
sentence
“The
students
visited
the
museum”
is
?.A.
S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+I(xiàn)O+DOD.S+V+DO+OCB
3.
(2024淮安一模)In
the
movie
The
Wandering
Earth
II,the
sun
becomes
?
bigger
and
will
“eat”
Earth.What
is
the
sentence
structure
of
the
underlined
sentence?
?A.S+V+OB.S+V+PC.S+V+I(xiàn)O+DOD.S+V+DO+OC4.
(2022南京)There
more
than
thirty
selective
courses
in
our
school.Which
one
would
you
like
to
choose?A.isB.areC.haveD.hasB
B
5.
(2023宿遷)-There
a
lot
of
new
magazines
in
our
school
reading
room.-Oh,really?Shall
we
go
there
this
afternoon?A.isB.wasC.areD.wereC
考點(diǎn)2
陳述句和疑問句6.
(2024常州)-
is
it
from
Changzhou
to
Beijing?-It
is
about
four
hours’
ride
by
high-speed
train.A.How
longB.How
farC.How
soonD.How
often7.
(2024宿遷)-Fanfan,
do
you
read
books
after
school
every
day?-For
about
one
hour.
And
I
often
write
down
my
ideas
while
reading.A.how
farB.how
longC.how
oftenD.how
soonB
B
8.
(2024南通通州一模)-Hi,Simon.
I
saw
you
and
David
in
the
library
yesterday
afternoon.-Really?We
borrowed
two
books
on
the
World
War
Ⅱ.
We
have
a
lot
in
common.What
does
the
sentence“We
have
a
lot
in
common.”
mean
here?
?A.We
have
similar
interests.B.We
are
in
the
same
school.C.David’s
book
is
similar
to
mine.D.The
books
we
borrowed
look
similar.A
9.
(2024無(wú)錫新吳一模)-Laura,you
seem
thirsty.
would
you
like
to
drink?-Just
water,please.A.WhereB.WhenC.WhatD.WhoC
10.
(2024南通海安十三校聯(lián)考二模)-
will
the
2024
Paris
Olympic
Games
be
held?-It
will
be
held
in
more
than
one
month
and
the
opening
ceremony
is
on
26th
July.A.How
farB.How
longC.How
soonD.How
oftenC
11.
(2024南通啟東二模)-Tom,
will
your
school’s
sports
meeting
take
place?-I
have
no
idea.
Maybe
in
a
couple
of
weeks.A.how
soonB.how
longC.how
farD.how
oftenA
12.
(2024南通通州等兩地二模)-
made
you
decide
to
open
a
guest
house?-We
have
green
mountains
and
clear
waters
here,and
every
year
many
tourists
come
to
visit.A.WhatB.HowC.WhenD.WhoA
13.
(2023淮安)-Mr
Wu,
can
I
keep
the
guitar?-For
five
days.A.how
oftenB.how
soonC.how
longD.how
much14.
(2023南通)-Excuse
me,
is
the
Gengsu
Theatre
from
this
hotel?-It’s
about
ten
minutes
if
you
take
a
taxi.A.how
farB.how
longC.how
soonD.how
muchC
A
15.
(2022南京)-The
10th
Reading
Festival
is
being
held
in
your
school.
does
it
last?-About
fourteen
days.A.How
oftenB.How
farC.How
soonD.How
longD
考點(diǎn)3
祈使句和感嘆句16.
(2024宿遷)-
fine
weather!It’s
a
good
match
for
going
on
a
picnic.-Exactly.
I
simply
can’t
wait!A.HowB.WhatC.How
aD.What
aB
17.
(2024南京秦淮一模)-Do
you
know
David
got
full
marks
in
the
PE
test?-Good
for
him!
exciting
the
news
is!A.HowB.How
anC.WhatD.What
an18.
(2024南通崇川、如皋一模)
fast
to
your
dreams,for
if
dreams
die,life
is
like
a
broken-winged
bird
that
can
never
fly.A.HoldB.To
holdC.HeldD.HoldingA
A
19.
(2024南通海安一模)-
unforgettable
experience
I
had
in
Harbin
Ice
and
Snow
World?。璉’m
glad
you
had
a
good
time.A.What
anB.WhatC.How
anD.How20.
(2024南通通州一模)-I
went
to
the
charity
as
a
volunteer
last
Sunday.-Good
job!
meaningful
experience
it
was!A.WhatB.What
aC.HowD.How
aA
B
21.
(2024揚(yáng)州儀征一模)
at
the
door
before
you
ent
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