Unit1ScienceandScientists測(cè)試卷（滿分：150分時(shí)間：120分）第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshin?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatshouldthemandotosavehisplant?A.Giveitmorefood. B.Giveitlesssunlight. C.Giveitlesswater.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisshortwithdarkhair.B.Shehasacousinwithgoldenhair.C.Shedreamedofmakinghairchanges.3.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Addhertothewaitinglist. B.Bookaticketforher. C.Giveheraphonenumber.4.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoingrightnow?A.Attendingaparty. B.Goingfoodshopping. C.Searchingforaparkingspace.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirplansforthefuture. B.Afriendoftheirs. C.Amoviecharacter.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答6、7小題。6.Whycan’tthemanusehisownphone?A.Ithasrunoutofbattery. B.Hehaslostitsomewhere. C.There’saproblemwiththescreen.7.Howdoestheapphelpthewomansleep?A.Itplaysrelaxingmusic.B.Itblocksoutthebluescreenlight.C.ItpreventsInternetuseintheevening.聽(tīng)下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答8至10小題。8.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Hehasatemperature. B.Heisstrugglingtosaveenergy.C.Heistoocoldtodohiswork.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Inthewoman’shouse. C.Inaschool.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Focusingontypingthereport.B.Takingbettercareoftheirhealth.C.Discussingtheissuewiththeboss.聽(tīng)下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答10至13小題。11.Howdothespeakersfeelnow?A.Bored. B.Disappointed. C.Excited.12.Whatisprobablythewoman’smaininterest?A.Gardening. B.Toyhouses. C.Modeltrains.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydofirst?A.Gotothebathroom. B.Getsomethingtoeat. C.Buythetickets.聽(tīng)下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答14至17小題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Strangers. C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatmonthisitnow?A.September. B.October. C.November.16.Whatsportwasthemaninvolvedin?A.Football. B.Swimming. C.Basketball.17.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttobeinthefuture?A.Anartist. B.Anathlete. C.Adoctor.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答18至20小題。18.WhodidthespeakergototheAICanteenwith?A.Afamilymember. B.Alocalfriend. C.Abusinesspartner.19.Whatisonedisadvantageofthecanteenaccordingtothespeaker?A.Itlackedhumanemotions. B.Therewasn’tmuchchoice. C.Thefooddidn’ttasteverynice.20.HowmanypeoplecantheAIsystemserveinaday?A.100. B.200. C.300.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHydrogenShotFellowshipTheEnergyEarthshotsInitiative,launchedattheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)thisyear,isaimedatacceleratingbreakthroughsofcleanenergysolutionswithinthedecadeandtrainingthediverseSTEMworkforceneededtomakethisareality.Enterthisprogram,anopeningfor1-2currentBachelors’,Masters’,andDoctoralstudentstocomeworkwithus.Applicationsareacceptedonarollingbasis.ScienceCareersatArgonneThisannualprogrambringsinspiration,knowledge,andtipsforexploringSTEMcareersdirectlytofemalehighschoolstudentswiththeaimofadvocatingforgreatergenderdiversityintheSTEMworkforce.Attheevent,ArgonneNationalLaboratory’sfemalescientistsandengineersinstructstudentsontheircareergoals,providenetworkingopportunities,andshareArgonne’sworktoadvancescience,includingglobalchallengessuchasfightingtheclimatecrisis.NavigatingNuclear:EnergizingOurWorldThisdynamicprograminvitesstudentstoexplorethemanyapplicationsofnuclearscienceanditsimpactonenergy,healthcare,food,andtheenvironmentthroughaninteractivesetoffreeresources.ExploreSTEMprojectstarters,digitallessonplans,andexcitingvirtualfieldtripswhereyoucanlearnaboutdifferentcareersinnuclearscience.TheMickeyLelandEnergyFellowshipProgramThisisforundergraduateandgraduatestudentsinSTEMmajorsseekingtogainexperienceinenergyresearch.Participantswillcompleteacutting-edgeresearchprojectatoneofDOE’snationallaboratoriesoratDOEheadquartersundertheinstructionofourscientistsandengineers.ThebestpartisthatyouwillcontributetotheFECMmissionofminimizingtheenvironmentalimpactsoffossilfuelswhileworkingtowardsnet-zeroemissions!21.Whichprogramisdesignedforgirls?A.HydrogenShotFellowship.B.ScienceCareersatArgonne.C.NavigatingNuclear:EnergizingOurWorld.D.TheMickeyLelandEnergyFellowshipProgram.22.WhatcanstudentsdoinNavigatingNuclear:EnergizingOurWorld?A.Goonvirtualfieldtrips. B.Startdifferentcareers.C.Researchwithnuclearscientist. D.Getnetworkopportunities.23.Whatdothefourprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyareenergy-related. B.TheyareSTEMprograms.C.Theytargetundergraduates. D.Theyaimtotackleclimatecrisis.BAsChina’scitiesgrow,theyarealsosinking.Anestimated16percentofthecountry’smajorcitiesarelosingmorethan10millimetersofheightperyearandnearlyhalfarelosingmorethan3millimetersperyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience.“Landsubsidence(下沉)isaproblemthatalmostexistseverywhere,”saidRobertNicholls,aclimatescientistandcivilengineerattheUniversityofEastAngliawhoreviewedthepaper,“Tomyknowledge,thisstudyisthefirsttomeasurelandsubsidenceacrossmanyurbanareasusingstate-of-the-artradar(雷達(dá))datafromsatellites.Ibelievethemajorityoftheadaptationstrategiesthatwehave,andtheplanstofightclimatechange,areinaccurate,justbecausetheydidnotincludelandsubsidence.Landsubsidenceisanunheededproblem.Ithasn’tbeenstudiedtheway,forexample,sealevelrisehasbeenstudied.”Thenewstudywasbasedonsatelliteradarmeasurementsofhowmuchthegroundsurfacein82majorcities,accountingforthree-quartersoftheurbanpopulation,movedupordownbetween2015and2022.Theresearcherscomparedthesemeasurementstodataonpotentialcontributingfactors.Subsidenceinthesecitiesiscausedinpartbythepureweightofbuildings,thestudyfound.Groundwaterextraction(開(kāi)采)underneaththecitiesalsoplaysarole,asdooildrillingandcoalmining.Theseactivitiesleaveemptyspaceundergroundwheresoilandrockscanpresstogetherorcollapse.Beingbelowsealeveldoesn’tmeanacityisautomaticallydestroyed.MuchoftheNetherlandsisbelowsealevelandsinking,butthecountryhasbeenextensivelyengineeredtopreventfloodinginplacesandtoaccommodateitinothers.Shanghaiisalreadylimitinggroundwaterextractionandissinkingmoreslowlythanothercities.InJapan,groundwatermanagementovertheyearshasprovedsuccessful.“It’sdifficulttostopsubsidenceentirely,”Dr.Nichollssaid,“You’vegottolivewithwhat’sleft.“24.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph1imply?A.Citiesgrowatanalarmingspeed. B.Citiesfacefierceclimatechange.C.Landsubsidenceisundercontrol. D.Landsubsidenceisanurgentissue.25.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“unheeded”inparagraph2?A.Ignored. B.Identified. C.Undefined. D.Overestimated.26.Whatmaycontributetolandsubsidenceincitiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Energyextraction. B.Overuseoffarmland.C.Populationexpansion. D.Unevendistributionofwater.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Cityplanningcallsforjointefforts.B.Groundwateristoblameforlandsinking.C.Measurescanbetakentoeasesubsidence.D.Floodingpreventiondeservesfurtherresearch.CMymotherdiedofbreastcancerwhenshewasmerely50in1970.Afterwards,thecommentrepeatedmostoftenwas:“You’llneedtobecarefulfortherestofyourlifebecauseitmayhavebeenpassedtoyou.”In1994,thefirsteverbreastcancergenetestingarrived.Ijumpedrighttoitandtestednegative.I’mthankfulforthesciencethathasgivenmethispreventivescreening(篩查).Goodforme,butisitgoodforeveryone?Here’sthecatch.ResearchongeneticdiseasehasbeenbasedmostlyonEuropeanpeople,likeme.Thesamewenttothemappingofthehumangenes.Theproblemisthatweknowlittleabouthownewtreatmentsmightworkforpeopleofotherraces.Ifwediversifypatientsinclinicaltrials,wecanrealizethepromiseofpersonalizedmedicineforeveryone,notjustwhitepatients.Facedwiththeunfairphenomenainmedicalresearch,whatshouldwedotoresolvetheproblem?Notonlydoweneedmorediversepopulationsparticipatinginresearch,butwealsoneeddiversityamongbiomedicalresearchersandmedicalprofessionalstomakeefforts.Thatmakesresearchstrongerandbuildstrustwithdiversecommunities.Amedicalteamisworkingonthisnow.Theyarebuildingadiversenextgenerationofgeneeditingresearchersbyteachinghighschoolandcommunitycollegestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundsaboutpromisingtechnologieslikegeneeditingtoencouragethemtobecomefutureresearchers.Thissortofeducationaloutreachcanalsohelptobuildtrustinthemedicalandresearchcommunities.Theteamleader,JohnCooper,PhD,hasbeenoutspokenaboutthecurrentinequalitiesofdeliveringnewtechnologiestoallpeopleatafaircost.Numerousscientistsandmedicalleadersareworkingtochangethesituation.Whilesciencewasn’tyetfarenoughalongtosavemymother,Ihaveharvestedthebenefitsofadvancedresearchandsoshouldweall.28.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Toexplainthecauseofhermother’scancer. B.Toshowherconcernsovermedicalinequalities.C.Toindicatethesideeffectsofgenetictesting. D.Toemphasizetheprogressinthemedicalfield.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thecatch”inparagraph2referto?A.Apreviousstudy. B.Anurgentappeal. C.Anunderlyingissue. D.Aworkablesolution.30.Whatmightenablenewtreatmentstobenefitall?A.Conductingresearchongeneticdiseases. B.Deliveringspeechestointerestedstudents.C.Buildingconfidenceinpotentialmedicalresearchers. D.Popularizingtechnologiesinvariouscommunities.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheadvancedresearch?A.Supportive. B.Dismissive. C.Opposed. D.Impartial.DOntheplaygroundofatownschoolinTanghecountyinCentralChina’sHenanprovince,abusfullofsciencekitsstopsby,drawingacrowdofpupilseagertoexplorewhatisinside.Soon,severalrobotsarecarefullyunloadedfromthebusandbegindancingwithconsistenthumanlikemoves.ThebuswasnotaperformancetroupeofanykindbutratheramobilescienceclassjointlyorganizedbytheMinistryofEducation,theChinaScienceandTechnologyMuseumandthesocialmediaplatformDouyin,aimingtosowseedsofpassionforscienceamongchildreninthecountry’svastruralareas.SinceFebruary,thankstothejointinitiative,scientists,scienceeducatorsandsciencemuseumstaffhavewalkedinto18townschoolsintheGuangxiZhuangautonomousregionandHenanandGansuprovinces.AstrophysicistWuXiangping,whohastraversedChina’sremotemiddleandwesternregionsforpopularsciencework,saysthatruralchildrenarejustascuriousastheirurbanpeersinscienceclasses,callingformorescientificeducationresourcesinremoteareas.LyuGuofan,chairmanoftheHenanAssociationforScienceandTechnology,saysthatruralareasaremostlyfacedwithashortageofqualifiedteachersandequipmentforscientificeducation.Asurveyconductedbytheministryin2021covering31provincial-levelregionsacrossthecountryshowedthatscienceteachersatprimaryschoolsmostlylackrelatededucationalbackgrounds.InJune2021,theStateCouncilissuedanactionplanforimprovingthescientificqualityofnationalsfrom2021to2035,vowingtoexpandtherecruitmentofcollegestudentsmajoringinscientificeducationandstrengthenonlinetrainingofscienceteachers.Accordingtothedocument,100,000sciencetutorswouldbetrainedeachyearatthegrassrootslevel.ZhangJiantao,ateacheratatownschoolinGushicounty,Henan,gainednotablefameforhisnovelscienceclassesbyturningrubbishbinsintodronesandwaterbottlesinto“water-propelledrockets”.Aformermathematicsteacher,Zhangvolunteeredtofocusonteachingsciencetotheschool’smorecuriousstudents,whoaremostlyleftbehindbytheircity-boundworkingparentsinthecareofgrandparents.“Thekidsloveconductingexperiments,”Zhangsays.“Afterdoingexperimentstogether,theyaremoreopentomeandfocusbetterinclasses.”32.Whatisthemainpurposeofthebusaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Togivestudentsascienceclass.B.Topresentawonderfulperformanceaboutscience.C.Tostimulatestudents’enthusiasmforscience.D.Toattractmoreteacherstocomefortheemployment.33.WhatarethechallengesthatmostruralareasconfrontedwithaccordingtoLyuGuofan?A.Lackofscientificeducationequipmentandqualifiedteachers.B.Lackofenthusiasmforscienceeducationamongstudentsandteachers.C.Insufficientfundingfromgovernmentandsocialorganizations.D.Shortageofteacherswithcorrespondingknowledgebackground.34.Howdoestheauthordevelopthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Givingadefinition. B.Listingstatistics. C.Makingacomparison. D.Givingexamples.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.InitiativesignitespassionforruralscienceeducationB.A“bus”givescuriousstudentsanunforgettableexperienceC.ScienceguaranteesapromisingfutureforeducationD.Teachersopenupanewpathforeducationaldevelopment第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wecertainlylookdifferent.Themostobviousdifferencesbetweenboysandgirlsareourbodies,insideandout.Forexample,canmenhavebabies?Canwomengrowbeards?36Inthe1800s,scientistsdevelopedatheorycalledcraniology(頭骨學(xué)),whichsaidthatintelligencecouldbemeasuredbyskullsize.Menhavebiggerskullsthanwomen.Somenmustbesmarter,peoplethought.37Nooneencouragedthemtogooninschool.Somedoctorsevensaidwomenwhowenttocollegewouldnolongerbeabletohavechildren!Ofcourse,nowweknowthesebeliefsaren’ttrue.Inthe1950s,psychologistsgavegirlsandboysscienceteststoseeiftheycouldtellwhowassmarter.Onaverage,thegirlsdidworsethantheboys.38Butisthisreallytrue?Insteadofmeasuringnaturalability,maybethetestsrevealedsomethingabouttheconditionsunderwhichchildrenwerebeingtaught.Parentsandteachersdidn'texpectgirlstodowellinmathorscience，andsotheydidn’tencouragethem.Inclass,teachersfocusedtheirattentiononboys.39Asscientistscontinuetoinvestigate,theyhavediscoveredthatboysdoseemtobebetterthangirlsatsomethingcalledspatialrotation(空間轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)).Girls，ontheotherhand,dobetteronsometestsofvocabularyandlanguage.Why?40Theyoftengivegirlsdollstoplaywith,whiletheymorefrequentlygiveboysblocks.Playingwithblockshelpschildrendevelopspatialskills.Sowithoutmeaningto,adultsmightbehelpingboysdevelopbetterspatialskills.Andmaybetheytalktogirlsmore,whichhelpsgirlswiththosevocabularywords.A.Buthowdifferentarewereally?B.Therefore,womenweretreateddifferently.C.Thisinfluencedhowwellboyslearnedandhowpoorlygirlsdid.D.Ifourbodiesdiffer,whatdoesthatsayaboutourintelligenceandskills?E.Naturally，researchersconcludedthatboysaresmarterthangirlsinscience.F.Studieshaveshownthatparentstreatboysandgirlsdifferentlyassoonasthey’reborn.G.Accordingtopsychologists,girlswerelessintelligentthanboysinmanyaspects.第II卷（非選擇題）第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Youmayalwayshearaboutpeoplewhoknewexactlywhattheywantedtodowiththeirlifefromthetimetheywereinkindergarten.Ihadn’tconsideredlotsofcareer41whenIgraduatedfromhighschool.Likemoststudentswhoearnedgoodgradesinmathandscienceclasses,Ifoundpeople42metobeanengineer.ButallofthatchangedwhenIwenttomy43.IwillneverforgetthefeelingofwalkingintomyveryfirstBiology44.InervouslyfoundaseatandwaitedforthetypeofprofessoryouseeinTVshows,oldandstrict.WhatIgotwasexactly45.Dr.Espinozawasacaringand46teacher,andtwotermsofherclassesmademefallinlovewithBiology.Herexcitingclassesmademe47thatIhadotherchoicesbesidesbeinga(n)48.ItmeantIwasheadedforacareerinbiologicalresearch.DuetoDr.Espinozaandmanyotherprofessorslikeher,Ifoundthatscientistsaren’tjustwhatwe49ontheNationalGeographicChannel.Theyarerealpeoplewhoanswerrealquestionsand50realproblems.ThisledmetoseekoutopportunitiestodorealscienceprojectsandseeifI51it.WhileIwasatuniversity,Ilearnedhowtoaskgoodquestions,howto52experimentsandcollectdata,andhowtosharewhatIlearnedwithpeople.Asit53,Ilovedeveryminuteofit.Fallinginlovewithsciencewasalongprocessforme,butitledmetoajobIlove.Likethescienceitself,myjourneytowardbeingascientistwas54,buthelpedalongbymanyteachersandprofessorswhoshowedmetheway.Now,Itrymybesttolearnnewthingsand55newknowledge.41.A.development B.difficulty C.choices D.requirements42.A.appointing B.forcing C.allowing D.encouraging43.A.university B.office C.room D.lab44.A.league B.lecture C.test D.teamwork45.A.opposite B.traditional C.typical D.similar46.A.average B.casual C.enthusiastic D.severe47.A.realize B.regret C.refuse D.recall48.A.lawyer B.educator C.scholar D.engineer49.A.takecareof B.makefunof C.learnabout D.searchfor50.A.solve B.bring C.raise D.ignore51.A.enjoyed B.doubted C.recommended D.acknowledged52.A.replace B.predict C.conduct D.copy53.A.cameabout B.brokeup C.setoff D.turnedout54.A.precious B.smooth C.beneficial D.slow55.A.record B.admire C.create D.forget第二節(jié)(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。YuHongru,amemberoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),wasborninJune1928ineastChina’sJiangxiProvince.OnApril8,2024,he56(honor)withtheawardofPersonTouchingChinafor2023.Heisoneoftheforerunnersintheresearchand57(apply)ofshocktubes(激波管)andshocktubewindtunnelsinChina.Hehasdevotedmorethan60years58windtunnelresearch,andledthedesignofmultiplewindtunnelmodelsthroughouthislife,59(make)significantcontributionstothedevelopmentofChina’saerospaceindustry.Inearly1956,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinacalledfor“advancingintoscience”.YuHongruappliedforthepostgraduateprogramattheInstituteofMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,and60(become)astudentofGuoYonghuai,afamousscientist.Inearly1958,theShockTubeGroupwasestablishedattheInstituteofMechanics,andGuoYonghuaiappointedYuHongruasthegroupleader.Atthattime,Chinahadaweakeconomyandwasshortofelectricitysupply.61asituationmadeitimpossible62(follow)thepathofforeigncountriestodevelopwindtunnels.Therefore,YuHongruchosethemore63(economy)methodofusinghydrogen-oxygencombustionasthedrivingforce,64wasextremelydangerous.Aftermanytrialsandanalyses,YuHongrufinallyledtheteaminfindinganewpathforwindtunnelresearchinChina.In1958,thecorecomponentoftheshocktubewindtunnel,thefirst-generationshocktubeinChina,was65(success)developed.第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）最近，你校即將舉行以“ScienceandScientists”為主題的科技節(jié)。你的英國(guó)朋友David對(duì)此非常感興趣，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)一封信向其介紹相關(guān)情況。Time:?May15,2021—May25,2021Participants:?studentsandteachersActivities:?attendtheopeningceremony?designamodelplane?enjoythelecturesonscience?takepartinthecompetitionoftellingstoriesaboutscientistsAims:?developteamwork?improvestudents’interestinscience注意：1.請(qǐng)勿提及與考生相關(guān)的真實(shí)信息；2.詞數(shù)100左右，開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearDavid,Howiseverythinggoing?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Truman’sparentswerescientists,andhealsowantedtobeascientist,sohewasdeterminedtobeatthetopofsciencesubject.Withonlyoneweekandoneassignmenttogobeforethesummerholiday,Trumanknewthattosecurethetopspot,hisfinalreporthadtoshine.Thetopicwasbeehives(蜂巢),asubjectthatMrs.Lawrence,histeacher,hademphasizedtheneedforauniqueperspectivetoearnanA+.Trumanopenedthedoortofindhisfour-year-oldbrother,Bryan,whosatonthefloor