PAGEPAGE8SectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofReading課時作業(yè)(一)對應學生用書P15Ⅰ完形填空Throughouthistory,peoplehavebeeninterestedinknowinghowlanguagefirstbegan,butnooneknowsexactlywhereorhowthishappened.__1__，wedoknowalotabout__2__，thelanguagesoftodayandalsothelanguagesof__3__times.There__4__probablyaboutthreethousandlanguagesintheworldtoday.Chineseisthelanguage__5__themostspeakers.English,RussianandSpanisharealsospokenbymanymillionsofpeople.__6__，somelanguagesintheworldhavelessthanonehundredspeakers.Thereareseveralimportant__7__oflanguagesintheworld.Forexample,mostofthelanguagesof__8__areinonelargefamily__9__theIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Theoriginal(最初的)languageofthisfamilywasspokenabout4,500years__10__.ManyofthepresentlanguagesofEuropeandIndiaaremodern__11__ofthelanguageof4,500yearsago.Languagesare__12__changing.TheEnglishoftodayisverydifferent__13__theEnglishof500yearsago.Intime,someeven__14__completely.About1,000yearsago__15__wasalittle-knownrelativeofGerman__16__ononeoftheborders(邊界)ofEurope.Ifalanguagehas__17__speakersorifitisveryold,theremaybe__18__inthewayitisspokenindifferentareas.__19__，thelanguagemayhaveseveraldialects.Chineseisagoodexampleofdialectdifferences.Chinesehasbeenspokenforthousandsofyearsbymanymillionsofspeakers.ThedifferencesamongthedialectsofChinesearesogreatthatspeakersofChinesefromsomepartsofChina__20__understandspeakersfromotherparts.eq\x(篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白語言的起源及改變。)1．A.ButB．SoC．HoweverD．Besides答案：C上文在說雖然人們對語言的起源感愛好，但是沒人準確地知道原委是怎樣的。下文筆鋒一轉提出我們還是對語言有很多了解。A、C兩項均表轉折，由于空格后為逗號，故選C。2．A.EnglishB．historyC．ChineseD．languages答案：D由上下文可知，本文是在講對語言的相識，而不單純是對漢語或英語的相識。3．A.earlierB．laterC．modernD．hard答案：A由上下文可知，此處與today對應，指較早時期的語言。4．A.isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were答案：B由下文中的“aboutthreethousandlanguagesintheworldtoday”可知，此處應用be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的復數(shù)形式。5．A.forB．withC．inD．of答案：B此處表示“具有”的含義，由with引導的介詞短語作定語，修飾language，表示“漢語是運用人數(shù)最多的一種語言”。6．A.InawordB．OntheonehandC．What'smoreD．Ontheotherhand答案：D上文指出漢語是運用者最多的一種語言，接著又說英語、俄語和西班牙語也有數(shù)百萬人運用，后文講到還有不到一百人運用的語言，所以此處用“ontheotherhand”引出不同的、對立的一種狀況。7．A.formsB．systemsC．familiesD．changes答案：C由下文內容可知，語言有幾大語系，用families表示。下文的“onelargefamily”也是提示。8．A.EuropeB．AsiaC．AfricaD．America答案：A由下文中的“Indo-Europeanlanguagefamily”可知，歐洲的大多數(shù)語言都屬于一個大的語系——印歐語系。9．A.calledB．spokenC．callingD．speaking答案：A過去分詞called作后置定語，表示“被稱做”。10．A.beforeB．a(chǎn)goC．laterD．old答案：B由上文中的“wasspoken”可知，此處應當用與一般過去時連用的ago。before一般與過去完成時連用。11．A.timesB．familiesC．formsD．members答案：C現(xiàn)在印度與歐洲的一些語言事實上就是4500年以前的語言的現(xiàn)代形式(forms)。12．A.alwaysB．seldomC．oftenD．sometimes答案：A由下文可知，語言始終都在發(fā)展改變。always與現(xiàn)在進行時連用，表示“總是”。13．A.aboutB．withC．betweenD．from答案：Dbedifferentfrom“與……不同”，為固定短語。14．A.dieoutB．dieawayC．diedownD．dieoff答案：A經(jīng)過一段時間有些語言完全消逝了。dieout“滅亡；消逝”，符合語境。dieaway“漸漸模糊；漸漸減弱”；diedown“漸漸變弱；暗淡”；dieoff“相繼死去”。15．A.SpanishB．EnglishC．ChineseD．Russian答案：B一千年前，英語只是與德語有親緣關系的鮮為人知的一種語言。16．A.calledB．toldC．spokenD．named答案：C表示“講(某種語言)”用speak，此處用過去分詞作定語，表示被動。17．A.agreatdealofB．a(chǎn)fewC．a(chǎn)littleD．a(chǎn)lotof答案：D假如講某種語言的人多或某種語言很古老，那么不同地區(qū)人們說話的方式就有差別。A、C項只修飾不行數(shù)名詞；afew表示“幾個”，意義不符。18．A.speakersB．differencesC．differenceD．changes答案：B由上文可知，此處指人們說話方式的不同之處，用復數(shù)形式。下文出現(xiàn)的differences也是提示。19．A.ThatisB．ThereforeC．InfactD．However答案：A此處是對上文的說明：也就是說(thatis)，一種語言可能有幾種方言。20．A.mustn'tB．maynotC．won'tD．can't答案：D方言的差別如此之大，以至于來自不同地區(qū)的人都無法相互溝通。此處表示“不會，不能”，故用can't。Ⅱ閱讀理解ATherearesomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Somedifferencesarequiteinteresting.WhenmyfriendLilyfromLondonusedtheword“l(fā)arder”，Ididn'tknowwhatitmeant.RealizingIdidn'tfollowher,sheusedanotherword.Ifinallyknewshewantedtofindsomethingtokeepsomefood.Thenextwordcameupeq\a\vs4\al(P1)whenwewereplanningalunchdate.Shejotted_downthedateandtimeinherdiary,whileImarkedmycalendar.Ifshecalledmeonthephone,shewouldringmeup.Butifthelinewasbusy,shewouldsaythelinewasengagedeq\a\vs4\al(W1).Mosttimes,IcanknowwhatLilymeans.Lastweek,sheregrettedsendingherboystowatchanearlymorningtennisgamewithouttheirfleeces.Ithoughtthatshemeantwithouttheirjacketsorsomethinglikethose.Othertimes,wehavetoaskeachother.Sherecentlytoldmeafunnytaleaboutawomanwhowaspissed.Iwonderedeq\a\vs4\al(W2)whathadmadetheladyangry.Itturnsouteq\a\vs4\al(P2)thatpissedmeansdrunk.Hereisonemoreexample.MyBritishfriendJanewasfillingouteq\a\vs4\al(P3)aticketatthegrocerystorerecently.Sheaskedtheyoungmanifhehadarubber.Whenshenoticedhedidn'tfollowher,shequicklyaskedforaneraser,which,inEngland,isoftencalledarubber.InordertocommunicatewellwiththeBritish,weAmericansshouldlearnsomewordsthattheBritishusedifferently.AndIthinkpeoplewholearnEnglishasasecondlanguageshouldalsorealizethattherearedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者通過生活中的一些例子說明白英式英語和美式英語在運用上的一些差異。1．WhenLilyusedtheword“l(fā)arder”，shewasprobablylookingfora________.A．cupB．ladderC．cupboardD．cooker答案：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第三句“Ifinallyknewshewantedtofindsomethingtokeepsomefood.”可知，莉莉在找尋一個“櫥柜”。故選C。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“jotteddown”inParagraph2mean?A．Wrotedown.B．Leftbehind.C．Lookedfor.D．Settleddown.答案：A詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后面的“inherdiary”以及“whileImarkedmycalendar”可知，莉莉把日期和時間記在了日記本上。writedown“登記，寫下”。故選A。3．Lastweek,Lilyregrettedsendingherboystowatchatennisgamemainlybecause________.A．shethoughtthegamewasboringB．shewantedtospendtimewithherboysC．shedidn'tdressherboysinthickclothesD．herboysgotlost答案：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段其次句中的“anearlymorningtennisgame”和第三句“Ithoughtthatshemeantwithouttheirjacketsorsomethinglikethose.”可推斷，莉莉懊悔一大早送她的孩子們去看網(wǎng)球競賽，主要是因為她沒給孩子們穿厚一點的衣服。故選C。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheBritishwayofusingwords.B．Somenewwordsthewriter'sBritishfriendstaughther.C．ThereasonswhyAmericanscan'tfollowtheBritishattimes.D．SomewordsuseddifferentlyinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.答案：D主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內容可知，本文主要介紹了英式英語和美式英語中一些詞在運用上的差異。故選D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．engagedadj.電話占線的；已訂婚的2．wonderv.感到懷疑；想要知道eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)1．comeup走近；被提及；發(fā)生2．turnout原來是；證明是；結果是3．fillout填寫(正式文件、表格等)BOneofthespeakingrulesyouneedtoknowmightsoundstrangetomostESL(Englishasasecondlanguage)students,butitisoneofthemostimportantrules.Ifyouwanttopassexaminations,thenstudygrammar.However,ifyouwanttobecomefluentinEnglish,thenyoushouldtrytolearnEnglishwithoutstudyingthegrammar.Studyinggrammarwillonlyslowyoudowneq\a\vs4\al(P1)andconfuseeq\a\vs4\al(W1)you.Youwillthinkabouteq\a\vs4\al(P2)theruleswhencreatingsentencesinsteadofeq\a\vs4\al(P3)naturallyeq\a\vs4\al(W2)sayingasentencelikeanative.RememberthatonlyasmallpartofEnglishspeakersknowmorethan20%ofallthegrammarrules.ManyESLstudentsknowmoregrammarthannativespeakers.Icanconfidentlysaythiswithexperience.IamanativeEnglishspeaker,majoredinEnglishLiterature,andhavebeenteachingEnglishformorethan10years.However,manyofmystudentsknowmoredetailsaboutEnglishgrammarthanIdo.Whentheysometimesaskmeaboutgrammar,Icaneasilylookupthedefinition(定義)andapplyit,butIcan'ttellthemtheansweroff_the_top_of_my_head.IoftenaskmynativeEnglishfriendssomegrammarquestions,andonlyafewofthemknowthecorrectanswer.However,theyarefluentinEnglishandcanread,speak,listen,andcommunicateeffectively.Doyouwanttobeabletorecitethedefinitionofacausativeverb,ordoyouwanttobeabletospeakEnglishfluently?eq\x(篇章導讀：本文是一篇爭論文。作者是一名英語老師，告知學生們假如想說流利的英語，不要過多地關注語法。)5．Accordingtotheauthor,whatopiniondomostESLstudentshold?A．Grammarmattersalotonlyinspeaking.B．Grammardoesn'tmattermuchinspeaking.C．GrammarisveryimportantinEnglishlearning.D．GrammarisnotimportantinEnglishlearning.答案：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段內容可知，不學語法才可以流