2025年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試仿真卷英語(滿分：150分時間：120分鐘)注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whydoesthewomanlookunhappy?A.Sheworkedovertimelastnight.B.Shehasanupsetstomach.C.Shemissedherfavouritemovie2.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttodo?A.Goshopping.B.Havearest.C.Watchafilm.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalivingroom.B.Intheman’soffice.C.Inamovietheatre.4.Whatcolouristhegirl’snewshirtprobably?A.Pink.B.White.C.Black.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Studyingabroad.B.AtripinFrance.C.Theman’sbrother.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatisRobertdoingnow?A.Seeingapartner.B.Hostingameeting.C.Makingaphonecall.7.Whattimeisit?A.Around2:40p.m.B.Around3:00p.m.C.Around3:20p.m.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatiswrongwithFrank?A.Hislegisbroken.B.Hehashisarmhurt.C.Hesuffersheadinjuries.9.Howdidtheaccidenthappen?A.Frankranaredlight.B.Frankwasspeeding.C.Frankdidn’tconcentrateondriving.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Policemananddriver.C.Salesmanandcustomer.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whydidthewomanfailtogethertable?A.Thenumberofthedinerschanged.B.Themanforgottokeepthetableforher.C.Shearrivedattherestauranthalfanhourlate.12.Whenwilltheshowstart?A.At12:30p.m.B.At1p.m.C.At2p.m.13.Whatwillthewomanandherfriendsprobablydonext?A.Gotoanotherrestaurant.B.Waitforabigroom.C.Sitattwodifferenttables.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhyisMarkcallingthegardeningshow?A.Tosaveadeadrosebush.B.Togetaclimbingrosebush.C.Toaskadviceonroseplanting.15.Whathappenedtotherosebush?A.Markkilleditwithchemicalsaccidentally.B.Markreplaceditwithaquick-growingplant.C.Markknockeditoverwithhistruck.16.WhatcanMarkdotosolvetheproblem?A.Usesomechemicals.B.Wateritoften.C.Nothing.17.WhatdoesSusanadviseMarktodo?A.Apologizetohiswife.B.Putawaythechemicals.C.Takehiswifeonavacation.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whattypearemostoftheletters?A.Militaryletters.B.Businessletters.C.Loveletters19.WhoisRenaudMorieux?A.Asailor.B.Theleadresearcher.C.Acaptain.20.Howdidpeoplecommunicateinthe18thcentury?A.Byletter.B.Bytelephone.C.Bytelegram.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIconicWondersintheWorldCambodia’sepicAngkorWatThejungle-chokedruinsoftheworld’slargestreligiousstructurefeelevenmoreotherworldlyawayfromthecrowds.BypassthecrowdsstrugglingfortheperfectsunriseshotatthemaintempleandbeginyourexplorationatthelikesofTaProhmwithitsTombRaidervibes.Ifyougethereearlyenough(thegatesopenat5a.m.)youmightbeluckyenoughtoenjoyasectionoftheepic12th-centurysitetoyourselfforawhile.TheExtraordinaryArchaeological(考古的)SiteofPetraIt’sthemomentyoucatchsightoftherock-carvedfrontofTheTreasurythroughthenarrowtimewornpassagewayoftheSiqthatyouexpectmost.ButthetrueaweinspiredbytherosecityofPetra,tuckeddeepinthedesertcanyonsofpresent-dayJordan,dawnsoveradayspentexploringthisfamousarchaeologicalsite.AnAmericaniconOneoftheSevenWondersoftheNaturalWorld,theGrandCanyonisaniconoftheUnitedStates:synonymous(同義)withthevastexpanseoftheAmericanWestandofspiritualimportancetothe11AssociatedTribesthatmaintaindeepconnectionswiththelandscape.Kenya’sGreatMigrationHungrycrocodilessnapatthetailsofwildebeestandzebrascrossingtheMaraRiver.Mostofthemammalsescapesafelytotheotherside,onlytobefacedupbyequallyhungrylions,cheetahsandleopards.It’saspectaclethatcanonlybewitnessedbetweenJulyandOctober,whenthewildlifethatusuallyspreadoutacrossTanzania’s15,000square-kilometreSerengetiNationalParkgatherinKenya’s1,500square-kilometreMasaiMaraNationalReserveinsearchoffoodandwater.1.Wherecanyoufindtheworld’slargestreligiousstructuresurroundedbyjungle?A.InCambodia. B.InJordan.C.IntheUnitedStates. D.InKenya.2.Whicharchaeologicalsiteislocatedinpresent-dayJordan?A.AngkorWat. B.TheGrandCanyon.C.TheSerengetiNationalPark. D.ThecityofPetra.3.WhencanyouwitnesstheGreatMigrationinKenya?A.InMarch. B.InJune. C.InAugust. D.InNovember.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了幾處世界標志性奇觀。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cambodia’sepicAngkorWat部分中“Thejungle-chokedruinsoftheworld’slargestreligiousstructurefeelevenmoreotherworldlyawayfromthecrowds.(遠離人群，世界上最大的宗教建筑廢墟被叢林所包圍，感覺更加超凡脫俗)”可知，在柬埔寨可以找到世界上最大的被叢林包圍的宗教建筑，故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheExtraordinaryArchaeological(考古的)SiteofPetra部分中“ButthetrueaweinspiredbytherosecityofPetra,tuckeddeepinthedesertcanyonsofpresent-dayJordan,dawnsoveradayspentexploringthisfamousarchaeologicalsite.(但真正讓人敬畏的是玫瑰之城佩特拉，它隱藏在今天約旦的沙漠峽谷深處，在探索這個著名的考古遺址的一天之后，才會有曙光)”可知，佩特拉古城位于今天的約旦，故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kenya’sGreatMigration部分中“It’saspectaclethatcanonlybewitnessedbetweenJulyandOctober(這一奇觀只有在7月到10月之間才能看到)”可知，在八月份可以看到肯尼亞的大遷徙，故選C。BFormorethan20years,the54-year-oldCarlBerghasgivenanewlifetotheseancientcabins(隔間),damagedbythewetEnglishclimate.Sincetheirappearanceinthe1920s,theseredkiosks(公用電話亭)havebecomeoneofthemainsymbolsofLondonandtheentireUnitedKingdom,butmostofthemhavedisappearedfromthescenesincethebirthofmobilephones.Thereareonly20,000publictelephonesinoperation(comparedwithabout100,000inthe1990s),including3,000traditionalredkiosks.About7,200others,whowereoutofservice,wererecoveredbysects,associationsorchurches.Localauthoritieshaverestoredsomeofthemandturnedthemintosmalllibraries,informationkiosksfortourists.AccordingtoCarlBerg,restorationofaphoneboxtakesanaverageofsixweeks,andbeginswithacarefuldisassembly(拆卸)tothebone.“Youneverknowwhatyou’llfindunderthepaint.Youcaneasilydiscoverarealjewel,”hedescribed.ThisBritonhasseenmanyredcabinspassthroughhisworkshopinKing’sLynn,easternEngland,oftenbroken,withmissingglassinthewindowsorrottenwoodendoors.Oncethecastironstructureisfreeofallitscomponents,itissandedtoremovepaintandrust(鐵銹).Thenextstepistoapplyresin(樹脂)andsandtoremovefaults,atiringprocessdonebyhandthatcantakeseveraldays.Finally,thephoneboxwaspaintedthefamous“PostOfficeRed”.CarlBerg,whobeganhiscareerdrivingcars,hasturnedhispassionforBritishcollectiblesintoafull-timerestorationbusiness,knownasRememberWhenIt’stheUK.Havingbecomeaprofessionalrestorer,CarlBergnowworksonseveralcabinsatthesametime.Twentyyearslater,CarlBerghaslostnoneofhispassion.“I’vegottenalittleolder,andeverythingseemsalittleheavier.ButIthinkmypassionisthesame.Infact,itmightbebigger.”4.WhathasemergedasoneofLondon’smostrecognizablesymbolssincethe1920s?A.Mobilephones. B.Libraries. C.Redkiosks. D.Cars.5.Whatisthefirststepintherestorationprocessofaphonebox?A.Disassemblingthephonebox.B.Applyingresinandsandtoremovefaults.C.Paintingthephonebox“PostofficeRed”.D.Removingpaintandrustfromtheironstructure.6.What’sParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thefunctionsofthephoneboxes.B.ThechallengesCarlBergfaced.C.ThesignificanceofCarlBerg’swork.D.Thedetailedworkofrestoringancientcabins.7.WhatcanweinferaboutCarlBergfromthelastparagraph?A.Hefeelstiredasheages.B.Heistoooldtorestorecabins.C.Heisstillenthusiasticaboutrestoringcabins.D.Hewillquitrestoringcabinsinthenearfuture.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述卡爾·伯格20多年來修復(fù)英國古老紅色電話亭的歷程及熱愛。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sincetheirappearanceinthe1920s,theseredkiosks(公用電話亭)havebecomeoneofthemainsymbolsofLondonandtheentireUnitedKingdom(自20世紀20年代出現(xiàn)以來，這些紅色公用電話亭已成為倫敦和整個英國的主要標志之一)”可知，自20世紀20年代起，紅色公用電話亭成為倫敦最具辨識度的標志之一。故選C項。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“AccordingtoCarlBerg,restorationofaphoneboxtakesanaverageofsixweeks,andbeginswithacarefuldisassembly(拆卸)tothebone.(據(jù)卡爾?伯格介紹，修復(fù)一個電話亭平均需要六周時間，首先要進行細致的徹底拆卸。)”可知，修復(fù)的第一步是拆卸電話亭。故選A項。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。第五段中的“Oncethecastironstructureisfreeofallitscomponents,itissandedtoremovepaintandrust(鐵銹).Thenextstepistoapplyresin(樹脂)andsandtoremovefaults,atiringprocessdonebyhandthatcantakeseveraldays.Finally,thephoneboxwaspaintedthefamous“PostOfficeRed”.(一旦鑄鐵結(jié)構(gòu)拆除了所有部件，就會對其進行打磨以去除油漆和鐵銹。下一步是涂抹樹脂并進行打磨以消除瑕疵，這是一個需要手工完成的累人過程，可能需要幾天時間。最后，電話亭會被漆成著名的“郵政紅”。)”可知，本段詳細描述了修復(fù)電話亭的各個步驟。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Twentyyearslater,CarlBerghaslostnoneofhispassion.“I’vegottenalittleolder,andeverythingseemsalittleheavier.ButIthinkmypassionisthesame.Infact,itmightbebigger.”(二十年后，卡爾?伯格的熱情絲毫未減。“我有點變老了，一切似乎也有點更沉重了。但我覺得我的熱情還是和以前一樣。事實上，它可能更強烈了。”)”可知，他雖年齡增長但熱情不減，仍熱衷于修復(fù)電話亭。故選C項。CThroughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.McKinleyisabusinessconsultingcompany.ItsaidAIcouldaddbetween$14trillionand$22trillionofvaluetotheworld’seconomy.Supporterssaythetechnologywillcreatewealthandimprovelivingstandards.SomegoasfarassayingAIwillincreasepeople’sfreetimeandhelpthembemorecreative.Butothersareworriedthetechnologywillleadtolosingjobs.TheypointtoHollywoodwritersandactorswhoareworriedthattheywillbereplacedbytechnology.TheInternetarrivedwithasimilaromenofmoreproductivity,wealthandjobs.Recently,theFrenchbankNatixisnotedinitsresearchthatmostofthewealthhasgonetoafewbillionaires.Andmanyofthejobsdonotrequirehighlypaid,skilledworkers.Someworkershopethetechnologywillincreasepayandjobsatisfaction.Buttheyarealsoconcernedthatthetechnologycouldpushpeopletoworktoohard.Suchconcernsarenotunfounded.Historyhasshowntheeconomicimpactoftechnologicalprogressisgenerallyuncertain,unequalandevenharmful.Johnsonrecentlypublishedabook,PowerandProgress,withDacronAcemoglu,anothereconomistfromMIT.Theystudiedtechnologicalprogressoverthelast1,000yearsincludingclothingproduction,traintravel,andevenfoodshopping.Johnsonnotedthatitiseasiertocreatesomethingnewthantomakesureitworksforeveryone.Thetwoeconomistslookedataninventioncalledthespinningjennythatmadeiteasiertoturncottonandwoolintoyarn(紗線).Theysaidthedevicehelpedclothingproductionandcreatedwealthformanypeopleinthelate1700s.However,italsoincreasedthedemandforcottonandledtolongerhoursforworkers.ThedemandalsoledtothegrowthofslaveryinthesouthernUnitedStates.AsforAItechnology,Johnsonwondersifitwillmakeexistinginequalitiesworse,or“couldithelpusgetbacktosomethingfairer”?8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“omen”meaninParagraph3?A.Sign. B.Requirement. C.Experience D.Level.9.WhatdoesParagraph1intendtotellus?A.Lessonsfromhistory. B.Theexcitementofcreatingnewthings.C.Importanttechnologicalinnovationsinhistory. D.Theapplicationofthespinningjenny.10.WhatisJohnson’sattitudetowardsartificialintelligence?A.Surprised. B.Scared. C.Objective D.Unfavourable11.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Asciencefictionnovel. C.Aneconomicstextbook. D.Atechnologyreport.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。歷史經(jīng)驗表明技術(shù)進步帶來了新的財富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。文章主要陳述了作者對科技發(fā)展帶來的影響的觀點?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Recently,theFrenchbankNatixisnotedinitsresearchthatmostofthewealthhasgonetoafewbillionaires.(最近，法國外貿(mào)銀行在其研究中指出，大部分財富都流向了少數(shù)億萬富翁。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)也是生產(chǎn)力、財富和就業(yè)的提高的跡象。故劃線詞omen意為“跡象，征兆”。故選A。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Throughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.(縱觀歷史，技術(shù)進步帶來了新的財富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。經(jīng)濟學家現(xiàn)在表示，尚不清楚人工智能對社會是有益還是有害。)”可知，第一段想要告訴我們歷史教訓(xùn)。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AsforAItechnology,Johnsonwondersifitwillmakeexistinginequalitiesworse,or“couldithelpusgetbacktosomethingfairer”?(至于人工智能技術(shù)，約翰遜想知道它是否會加劇現(xiàn)有的不平等，還是“它能幫助我們回到更公平的狀態(tài)”？)”可推知，Johnson對人工智能會幫助社會還是危害社會的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Throughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.(縱觀歷史，技術(shù)進步帶來了新的財富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。經(jīng)濟學家現(xiàn)在表示，尚不清楚人工智能對社會是有益還是有害。)”以及文章主要陳述了作者對科技發(fā)展帶來的影響的觀點，故應(yīng)該選自一篇科技報道。故選D。DAblindfishlivingwithinaMexicancavesystem’sdeep,enduringdarknessstillmaintainssomeabilitytosenselight.Asthecavefishnolongerseemtorelyonaninternaldailycycleandsomesleepverylittle,biologistIncaStein-dalandhercolleagueswerekeentoseeiftheirbodiescanstillregulatecyclicallythroughtime.MostanimalsonEarthhaveaninternalclockforthisthecircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)thatuseslightlevelstomakeourbodiesfitinwithourplanet’sdayandnightcycles.Thisrhythmisthenusedtocyclethroughdifferentbiologicalprocessesthatcaninfluenceourbehaviour,suchasourhungercycles.TheMexicanblindcavefishliveinacomplexofover30isolatedcaves,withinwhichtheyhaveeachindependentlyadjustedtothedark.Theirbodiesareextrasensitivetovibrations(震動),allowingthemtosensechangesinwatercurrentsfornavigation(導(dǎo)航)incompensationfortheirlimitedorcompletelackofsight.Thisadaptationoccurreddespitethefishfromeachcaveevolvingfromthesamespecieswithfullyfunctioningeyes.ThisancestralgroupstilllivesinthesurfacewatersintheElAlbraregionofMexicoandsomepartsoftheSouthwesternUS.Steindalandherteamtooktissuesamplesfromtheblindcavefish,fromthreeisolatedcaves,andtheirsurfacerelativesandtestedthecellsindifferentconditions.Theydetectedtheactivationofseveralmolecular(分子的)clockmechanismswhenthecellswereexposedtolight,eveninthecavefishcells.“Non-visuallightdetectionismaintainedatafundamentalcell-basedlevel,”theresearchersexplain,althoughthecavefishcellsdidnotrespondasstronglyasthosecellsfromsurfacefish.Whilethereweresomesimilaritiesbetweenthefishfromthedifferentcavescomparedtotheirsurfacerelatives,therewerealsodifferencesthatconfirmtheirbiologicalclockchangeseachevolvedindependentlyofoneanotherviadifferentmolecularmechanisms.“Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.Theteamhopesthesecanhelpuslearnmoreaboutthecircadianrhythmandprovideaneasierwaytostudyanimaladaptationstodarkenvironments.12.Astothecavefish,whatdidSteindalandherfellowstrytofindout?A.Iftheyhaveacircadianrhythm. B.Iftheyrelyonaninternaldailycycle.C.Iftheyneedtosleep. D.Iftheyareabletosenselight.13WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A.TheMexicancavefish’sancestorshadnormalvision.B.TheMexicancavefish’shomeisinthedarkdeepsea.C.TheMexicancavefishhaveadaptedtodarkness.D.TheMexicancavefishhavetroublenavigating.14.Whichofthefollowingcansupporttheconclusionofthestudy?A.Cavefish’suniquemolecularstructures.B.Non-visuallightdetectionincavefishcells.C.Thecavefish’sadjustmentt0molecularclockmechanisms.D.Biologicalclockchangesevolvedindependently.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyDotheMexicanCavefishLiveintheDarken“B.ABlindCavefishCanStillPerceiveLight.C.HowCantheMexicanCavefishFitinwiththeDayCycles?D.TheBiologicalClocksoftheLifeintheSenAreConstantlyChanging.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了墨西哥盲洞魚在深層洞穴中的生存情況，以及它們對光的感知能力。研究人員通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管盲洞魚無法看見，但它們的細胞仍然可以感知光線，并在一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)其生物鐘。這表明即使在黑暗環(huán)境下，生物的生物鐘仍然可以通過不同的分子機制進行調(diào)節(jié)?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asthecavefishnolongerseemtorelyonaninternaldailycycleandsomesleepverylittle,biologistIncaStein-dalandhercolleagueswerekeentoseeiftheirbodiescanstillregulatecyclicallythroughtime.MostanimalsonEarthhaveaninternalclockforthisthecircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)thatuseslightlevelstomakeourbodiesfitinwithourplanet’sdayandnightcycles.(由于洞穴魚似乎不再依賴于體內(nèi)的日常循環(huán)，有些睡眠很少，生物學家印加·斯坦達爾和她的同事們渴望了解它們的身體是否仍然可以隨著時間的推移進行周期性調(diào)節(jié)。地球上的大多數(shù)動物都有一個生物鐘，晝夜節(jié)律利用光線水平使我們的身體適應(yīng)地球的晝夜循環(huán))”可知，斯坦達爾和她的同事們想要找出洞穴魚是否可以隨著時間的推移進行周期性調(diào)節(jié)，即是否有晝夜節(jié)律。故選A項?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheMexicanblindcavefishliveinacomplexofover30isolatedcaves,withinwhichtheyhaveeachindependentlyadjustedtothedark.

Theirbodiesareextrasensitivetovibrations(震動),allowingthemtosensechangesinwatercurrentsfornavigation(導(dǎo)航)incompensationfortheirlimitedorcompletelackofsight.Thisadaptationoccurreddespitethefishfromeachcaveevolvingfromthesamespecieswithfullyfunctioningeyes.(墨西哥盲洞魚生活在一個由30多個孤立的洞穴組成的復(fù)雜環(huán)境中，每個洞穴都能獨立地適應(yīng)黑暗。它們的身體對振動特別敏感，這使它們能夠感知水流的變化，以便導(dǎo)航，以補償它們有限或完全失明的視力。盡管來自每個洞穴的魚都是從具有完全功能的眼睛的同一物種進化而來的，但這種適應(yīng)還是發(fā)生了)”可知，第二段主要介紹了墨西哥盲洞魚身體對振動特別敏感，以補償它們有限或完全失明的視力，主要說明了它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了黑暗。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.(斯坦達爾和她的同事總結(jié)道：“我們已經(jīng)提供了證據(jù)，證明盡管失明，但墨西哥盲洞魚的細胞可以探測到光，并使它們的生物鐘適應(yīng)光/暗周期。”)可知，研究的結(jié)論是墨西哥盲洞魚的細胞可以探測到光。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theydetectedtheactivationofseveralmolecular(分子的)clockmechanismswhenthecellswereexposedtolight,eveninthecavefishcells.“Non-visuallightdetectionismaintainedatafundamentalcell-basedlevel,”theresearchersexplain,althoughthecavefishcellsdidnotrespondasstronglyasthosecellsfromsurfacefish.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當細胞暴露在光線下時，幾個分子時鐘機制被激活，即使在盲洞魚細胞中也是如此。研究人員解釋說，盡管盲洞魚的細胞不像水面魚的細胞那樣強烈，“非視覺光檢測維持在基本的細胞水平上，”)”可知，盲洞魚細胞的非視覺光探測維持在基本的細胞水平上，說明它的時鐘機制會被激活，證明盲洞魚也可以探測到光。所以，盲洞魚細胞的非視覺光探測能支持該研究的結(jié)論。故選B項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中““Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.(一條生活在墨西哥洞穴系統(tǒng)的深處、持久的黑暗中的盲洞魚仍然保持著一些感知光線的能力)”和最后一段中“Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle(我們已經(jīng)提供了證據(jù)，證明盡管失明，但墨西哥盲洞魚的細胞可以探測到光，并使它們的生物鐘適應(yīng)光/暗周期)”可知，本文介紹了研究人員通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管盲洞魚無法看見，但它們的細胞仍然可以感知光線，所以“ABlindCavefishCanStillPerceiveLight.(盲洞魚仍能感知光)”是研究的結(jié)論，也是文章最佳標題。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Afteralongwinter,thearrivalofspringcanbeawelcomerelief.Thedaysgrowlonger,thetemperaturesincrease,andthenaturalworldarounduscomestolifeagain.____16____.Newresearchsuggeststhathumansmayneedmoresleepinthewinterthantheydointhesummer.____17____,regardlessoftheirexposuretolight.Theparticipantsexperiencedseasonalvariationsintheirrapideyemovementsleep,alsoknownasREMsleep,aswellasintheirslowwavesleep,alsoknownasdeepsleep.REMsleep,whichiswhenwedreamandourheartrateincreases,is30minuteslongerinthewinterthanduringthesummer.Slowwavesleep,whichiswhenourmusclesarerepaired,ourimmune(免疫)systemisstrengthenedandsoisourmemory,is30minutesshorterinSeptemberthaninFebruary.____18____?Theanswercouldlieinourevolutionarypast.That’saccordingtoNeilStanley,who’sasleepexpert.“Wehaveevolvedtodark-lightcycles.Therefore,whenwewakeuponawinter’smorningandit’sdark,ourbrainisgoing’Ican’tdoanything...there’snopointleapingoutofbed.’”____19____.Ourbodiesrequireaskintemperatureofbetween31—35℃foragoodnight’ssleep,butthiscanbehardertocontrolduringthewarmermonths.____20____—nottheSun—thatdeterminewhenwegetupinthemorning.But,asautumnapproaches,itseemswenowhaveagoodexcuseforanearlynight.A.HerearedifferenttypesofsleeppatternsB.HowlongcanahumanbeinggowithoutsleepC.Ofcourse,nowadays,itisourschoolandworktimesD.Particularlyinsummer,temperaturealsoplaysaroleE.Butwhentheseasonschange,oursleeppatternschangewiththemF.ButwhydoourbodiesandbrainsneedmorerestatcertaintimesofyearG.AGermanstudyfoundthatparticipantssleptanhourlongerinDecemberthaninJune【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了季節(jié)變化會影響人類的睡眠模式，冬季可能需要更多睡眠，而夏季溫度也會影響睡眠質(zhì)量?！?6題詳解】由上文“Afteralongwinter,thearrivalofspringcanbeawelcomerelief.Thedaysgrowlonger,thetemperaturesincrease,andthenaturalworldarounduscomestolifeagain.(經(jīng)過漫長的冬天，春天的到來是一種令人欣慰的解脫。白天變長，氣溫升高，我們周圍的自然界又恢復(fù)了生機。)”和下文“Newresearchsuggeststhathumansmayneedmoresleepinthewinterthantheydointhesummer.(最新研究表明，人類在冬季所需的睡眠時間可能比夏季更多。)”可知，本空應(yīng)引出季節(jié)變化對睡眠的影響這一話題，E選項“Butwhentheseasonschange,oursleeppatternschangewiththem(但是當季節(jié)變化時，我們的睡眠模式也會隨之改變)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選E。【17題詳解】由下文“Theparticipantsexperiencedseasonalvariationsintheirrapideyemovementsleep,alsoknownasREMsleep,aswellasintheirslowwavesleep,alsoknownasdeepsleep.(參與者的快速眼動睡眠（也稱為REM睡眠）和慢波睡眠（也稱為深度睡眠）都經(jīng)歷了季節(jié)性變化。)”可知，本空應(yīng)描述一項關(guān)于季節(jié)變化對睡眠影響的研究結(jié)果，G選項“AGermanstudyfoundthatparticipantssleptanhourlongerinDecemberthaninJune(德國的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與者在12月的睡眠時間比6月多一個小時)”能引出下文，符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳解】由下文“Theanswercouldlieinourevolutionarypast.(答案可能在于我們的進化歷史。)”可知，下文回答一個問題，本空應(yīng)對季節(jié)變化對睡眠的影響提出相關(guān)問題，F(xiàn)選項“Butwhydoourbodiesandbrainsneedmorerestatcertaintimesofyear(但是為什么我們的身體和大腦在一年中的某些時候需要更多的休息)”能引出下文，符合題意。故選F?！?9題詳解】由下文“Ourbodiesrequireaskintemperatureofbetween31—35℃foragoodnight’ssleep,butthiscanbehardertocontrolduringthewarmermonths.(我們的身體需要31-35℃的皮膚溫度才能睡個好覺，但在溫暖的月份里，這一點更難控制。)”可知，本空應(yīng)描述溫度對睡眠的影響，D選項“Particularlyinsummer,temperaturealsoplaysarole(特別是在夏天，溫度也起著作用)”能引出下文，符合題意。故選D。20題詳解】由下文“—nottheSun—thatdeterminewhenwegetupinthemorning.(——而不是太陽——決定了我們早上起床的時間。)”可知，本空應(yīng)描述決定我們早上起床時間的因素，而根據(jù)常識可知，這個因素應(yīng)該是我們的學校和工作時間，C選項“Ofcourse,nowadays,itisourschoolandworktimes(當然，現(xiàn)在，是我們的學校和工作時間)”能引出下文，符合題意。故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AyoungscientistfromAnnandale,Virginia,hassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtofoughtskincancer.Atjust14yearsold,HemanBekele____21____asthevictorofthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge,____22____amongnineotherfinalistswithhisinnovative____23____knownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS).In____24____ofhisachievement,thisninth-gradeboyissettoreceiveasubstantialcashawardof$25,00.InBekele’sownwords,“Curingcancer,onebarof____25____atatime.”His____26____forbiologyandtechnologywasthedrivingforcebehindthisclevercreation,andthe3MYoungScientistChallenge____27____himwiththeperfectplatformtoshowcasehis____28____ideas.Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekele____29____thathischildhoodplayedasignificantrolein____30____hisinnovativethinking.Having____31____peopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbut____32____howmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithprolongedsunexposure.“Iwantedtomakemyideanotonlyscientificallyexceptionalbutalsoaccessibletoabroadaudience,”Bekeleexpressedduringaninterview.____33____,Bekele’screationobtainedthe____34____ofFoodandDrugAdministration.Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekele____35____toperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdedicatedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtoundersevisemencommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.21.A.led B.competed C.emerged D.acted22.A.standingout B.pullingoff C.gettingthrough D.pickingup23.A.tool B.device C.idea D.creation24.A.search B.recognition C.favour D.memory25.A.iron B.soap C.chocolate D.cheese26.A.passion B.respect C.taste D.desire27.A.stuffed B.charged C.filled D.provided28.A.new B.crazy C.original D.basic29.A.shared B.proved C.denied D.hoped30.A.breaking B.finding C.shaping D.changing31.A.witnessed B.appreciated C.remembered D.helped32.A.confirm B.wonder C.guess D.realize33.A.Gradually B.Ultimately C.Directly D.Suddenly34.A.qualification B.requirement C.procedure D.approval35.A.affords B.agrees C.intends D.offers【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.C31.A32.B33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述14歲少年赫曼?貝克爾憑創(chuàng)新發(fā)明“皮膚癌治療肥皂”獲美國頂尖青年科學家稱號，計劃完善發(fā)明并幫助更多人。21題詳解】考查動詞短語搭配及詞義辨析。句意：年僅14歲的赫曼?貝凱萊成為2023年3M青年科學家挑戰(zhàn)賽的獲勝者。A.led(as)帶領(lǐng)（作為）；B.competed(as)競爭（作為）；C.emerged(as)以……身份出現(xiàn)/脫穎而出；D.acted(as)擔任（作為）。根據(jù)下文“asthevictorofthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge”以及語境可知，此處表示以獲勝者身份脫穎而出，emergeas為固定搭配，符合語境。故選C項。【22題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在九名決賽選手中，他憑借名為皮膚癌治療肥皂（SCTS）的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明脫穎而出。A.standingout突出；B.pullingoff成功完成；C.gettingthrough通過；D.pickingup撿起。根據(jù)下文“withhisinnovative3knownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS)”以及語境可知，這里指他的發(fā)明讓他在決賽中突出。故選A項。23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在九名決賽選手中，他憑借名為皮膚癌治療肥皂（SCTS）的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明脫穎而出。A.tool工具；B.device設(shè)備；C.idea想法；D.creation發(fā)明。根據(jù)上文“groundbreakingcreation”可知，此處指他的發(fā)明脫穎而出，creation是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞短語搭配。句意：為表彰他的成就，這個九年級的男孩將獲得25,000美元的巨額現(xiàn)金獎勵。A.insearchof尋找；B.inrecognitionof表彰；C.infavourof支持；D.inmemoryof紀念。根據(jù)下文“achievement”和“asubstantialcashawardof$25,00”可知，此處表示就赫曼?貝克爾的成就予以表彰。故選B項。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：用貝凱萊自己的話說：“一次用一塊肥皂治愈癌癥?！盇.iron熨斗；B.soap肥皂；C.chocolate巧克力；D.cheese奶酪。根據(jù)首段“abaro