GrammarPresentperfecttenseXiaoLilivesinXiamen.NowheandhisfriendJohnMartinisvisitinghishometown.It___________(be)sixyearssincetheylast_____(see)eachother.AndthisisthefirsttimeJohnMartin___________(visit)XiaoLi’shometown.He_________(see)quitealotofChinaand_________(visit)somebeautifulcities,buthethinksXiaMenisoneofthemostattractiveplaceshe_______(be)to.Thecityislivelyanditspeoplearesofriendly.XiaoLisaysthathefeelsfortunatelivinghere.Manymodernbuildings_______________(putup),andtherearesomegreatshoppingmallsinthebusinessdistrict.XiaoLi’swife________________(justbuy)abeautifuldressfromoneoftheshopsthere.AndnowJohnMartinisstarving,sotheydecidetoparktheircartohavelunchinanicelittlefishrestaurant.XiaoLilivesinXiamen.NowheandhisfriendJohnMartinisvisitinghishometown.It___________(be)sixyearssincetheylast_____(see)eachother.AndthisisthefirsttimeJohnMartin___________(visit)XiaoLi’shometown.He_________(see)quitealotofChinaand_________(visit)somebeautifulcities,buthethinksXiaMenisoneofthemostattractiveplaceshe_______(be)to.Thecityislivelyanditspeoplearesofriendly.XiaoLisaysthathefeelsfortunatelivinghere.Manymodernbuildings_______________(putup),andtherearesomegreatshoppingmallsinthebusinessdistrict.XiaoLi’swife________________(justbuy)abeautifuldressfromoneoftheshopsthere.AndnowJohnMartinisstarving,sotheydecidetoparktheircartohavelunchinanicelittlefishrestaurant.hasbeensawhasvisitedhasseenhasvisitedhasbeenhavebeenputuphasjustboughtThePresentPerfectTensedefinitionstructureUsagesadverbialsThePastSimpleTense表示動作發(fā)生在過去，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。presentpastfuture肯定句：否定句：疑問句：被動句：have/has+S+doneS+have/hasnotdoneS+have/hasdoneS+have/has+beendone--Hasthebossleftyet?--Yes,hehas.leaveyetDescribethepictureinthePresentPerfectTensewiththewordsgivenyetdoyourhomework--Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?--Yes,Ihave.nowThecompletionoftheaction------Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?------I’velivedherefortwentyyears.------Twentyyears!That’salongtime.------Yes,I’vebeenheresince1976.nowThecontinuationoftheactionHewillcomeassoonashehasfinishedhiswork.futureHewillcomeassoonashehasfinishedhiswork.在時間或條件狀語從句中表示將來完成的動作。

Tosumup--Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?--Yes,Ihave.表示動作在說話時已經(jīng)完成，但對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生某種后果或影響。I’velivedherefortwentyyears.表示動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能持續(xù)下去。Payattetion:IhaveboughtanewcarIhaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.Ihavehadanewcarfortwoweeks.瞬時性動詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時，但是不可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用；必須與表示時間段的狀語連用時，要用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。AnexcitingtripI

(justreceive)aletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.He

(be)thereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.Heisworkingforabigfirmandhe

(alreadyvisit)agreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

(justbuy)anAustraliancarand

(go)toAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrother

(neverbe)abroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.havejustreceivedhasgonehasalreadyvisitedhasjustboughthasbeenhasneverbeenHehaslosthiskey.Helosthiskeyyesterday,butnowhehasfoundit.

yesterday--Hasthebossleftyet?--Yes,hehas.leaveyet----Whendidheleave?----Helefttenminutesago.yetdoyourhomework--Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?--Yes,Ihave.---Whendidyoudoit?---Ididithalfanhourago.現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結果，落腳點在現(xiàn)在。一般過去時著重說明動作發(fā)生在過去，強調(diào)動作本身，落腳點在過去。NowrongnumbersMr.JamesScotthasagarageinSilburyandnowhe

______(justbuy)anothergarageinPinhurst.PinhurstisonlyfivemilesfromSilbury,butMr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisnewgarage,sohe______(justbuy)twelvepigeons.Yesterday,apigeon_______(carry)thefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.Thebird(cover)thedistanceinthreeminutes.Uptonow,Mr.Scott

(send)agreatmanyrequestsforsparepartsandotherurgentmessagesfromonegaragetotheother.Inthisway,he

(begin)hisownprivate‘telephone’service.hasjustboughthasjustboughtcarriedcoveredhassenthasbegunMakeupaplaywiththeknowledgewehavelearnttodayandactitout