Time\@"yyyy年M月d日星期W"2013年1月5日星期六第頁Readingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1--7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked(a),(b),(c)and(d).Forquestions8--10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheFreshers'FairTheFreshers'Fairusuallytakesplaceaboutaweekafteryoubeginuniversityandoffersfreebies,give-aways,adviceandinformation.Itisoftenagreatopportunityfornewstudentstominglewithotherfreshers,currentstudents,tutors,andrepresentativesfromtheStudentUnion.AlluniversitieshaveclubsandsocietiesandmanyofthemusetheFreshers'Fairastheiropportunitytoletyouknowwhatisonoffer.Thereisusuallyawiderangetochoosefrom,includingsports,drama,debating,groupsforallthemainreligions,musicalandliterarygenresandfilmclubs.Youmayalsofindthatyourcoursehasacluborsocietyforstudentsstudyingyoursubjectaswellasgroupsfordisabledandinternationalstudents.Clubsandsocietiescanbeagreatwayofmeetingnewpeopleinyourfirstweeksandanidealchancetotrynewactivitiesandexplorenewinterests.Rememberthatsomeoftheclubsandsocietiesonofferwillbemoreestablishedthanotherssoifyoulikethesoundofaclub,askifyoucanpopalongtotheinitialget-togetherbeforeyoucommityourself!Makesureyouaren'tpressurisedintoanythinganduseyourdiscretion.Ifclubsinvolveamembershipfee,thinkcarefullybeforeyoucommittoaregularpayment—youmayfeelabletopartwiththecashinSeptemberbutifaregularpaymentiscomingoutofyourbankaccounteven'month,youmayregretitlateron.TheFreshers'Fairisagreatwaytofindoutabouttheservicesandfacilitiesofyourlocalcityortown.Thereareoftenrepresentativesfromlocalentertainment,leisurefacilities,restaurants,clubs,pubs,insuranceagencies,travelagents,mobilephonecompanies,taxiservicesandrecruitmentagencies.Theyaretheretopromoteoffersgearedtowardsstudentsandsomewillbecompetitiveanddiscounteddeals,butremembertheyareinterestedinattractingnewcustomers—thinkcarefullyabouttheprosandconsofanyservicesbeforesigningup.Theuniversityhealthcare,counselling,welfareservicesandotheragencies,allusuallyhavesiallsattheFreshers'Fairsoyoucangetinformationandfindouthowtoaccesssupportifyourequireitduringyourcourse.Andifyoumissastallorneedmoreinformation,don'tpanic,contactyourStudentUniontolearnmoreortofindouthowtogetinvolved.GettingthemostfromtheFairDonotwaituntilFreshers'Fairtomakecontactwithyouruniversityorcollege'sDisabilityAdviser/LearningSupportTutor.Theyarelikelytobeattheirbusiestthen.ContactthembeforeyouarrivetogetassistancewiththenecessaryformfillingwhichaccompaniestheissueofstudentIDcardsandStudentUnioncardsduringFreshers'Fair.GetintouchwiththemifyouwishtoarrangeforsomeonetobeyoursightedguideattheFair.Robert'sexperiencesRoberthasjustcompletedhissecondyearstudyingHistoryattheUniversityofYork."Freshers'Fairisthemainopportunityforthesesocietiestosellthemselvestofirstyearstudents.ItgavemeanideaofthechallengesIwouldfaceandhowIwouldovercomethem.Imagineamassofstudents,squeezedintoamedium-sizedexhibitionarea,movingineverydirection.I'dresearchedthesocietiesIwantedtojoin.Iknewtheirwebsitesinsideout,thejoiningfeesandactivities,butonevitalpieceofinformationismissing—wheretheywereintheroom.SoIbegantosearchtheaislesfromoneendtotheother—untilIrealisedthattherewaslittlepointincontinuinganddecidedtoasksomebodyforhelp.ThesomebodyIaskedturnedouttobeamemberofthepoliticalsocietyIwasplanningtojoin.Hewaspleasedtohaverecruitedanewmember.Oncethemembershipformwasfilledin,heintroducedmetootherswhointurnhelpedmetofindmyothersocieties.NotonlyhadIpluckedupthecouragetoseekouthelp,butInowhadmyfirstnetworkofacquaintances,whoinfuturewouldrecognizeandhelpme."MeetingnewfriendsMeetingnewpeopleandmakingnewfriendsatUniversitycanbenerve-wracking.Weaskedsomethirdyearundergraduatestudentsfortheiradviceaboutstartinguniversityforthefirsttime.1WhendoestheFreshers'Fairstart?(a)Aweekafteryoubeginuniverstity.(b)Immediatelyafteryouruniversitylifebegins.(c)Afterotherfreshers,currentstudents,tutors,andrepresentativesfromtheStudentUnionhaveameeting.(d)Aftertheuniversityoffersfreebies,give-aways,adviceandinformation.2TheFreshersmay________duringtheFreshers'Fair.(a)meetotherfreshers,andteachersandfindjobopportunitiesaswell(b)gettoknowotherpeople,andjoindifferentsocieties(c)meetnewpeopleandfindasenseofbelongingtouniversity(d)joindifferentclubsandgetfreebies3FreebieinPara1means________.(a)freebee(b)freeofcharge(c)anarticleorservicegivenfree(d)anopportunitygivenbytheschoolauthority4Ifaclubcallsforamembershipfee,thefreshersneedto________.(a)beinformedofit(b)bepressurisedintoit(c)lookbeforetheyleap(d)committoaregularpaymentassoonastheyknowit5StallinPara3means________.(a)aplacewheremagazinesandnewspapersaresold(b)aplacewherefreebiescanbeavailable(c)alargetableonwhichyoucanputgoodsthatyouwanttosellorinformationyouwanttogivetopeople(d)asmalltablewiththeproductsofhealthcare,counselling,welfareservicesandotheragencieslaidout6TogetmostoutoftheFair,youneedto________.(a)meettherepresentativesfromlocalentertainment,leisurefacilities,insuranceagencies,travelagents,taxiservicesandrecruitmentagencies(b)contacttheuniversitystaffinadvance(c)fillinformstogetthestudentIDcardsandStudentUnioncards(d)bothB&C7RobertbenefitedalotfromtheFreshers'Fairby________.(a)gettinghisfirstnetworkofacquaintances(b)sellinghimselftoadebatingsociety(c)searchingonlineaboutthesocietyhelongedtojoin(d)fillinginmembershipform8TherepresentativesfromservicesandfacilitiesoflocalcityortownintheFreshers'Fairaimtopromote______________________________.9Ifthefreshersneedmoreinformationabouttheservicesoflocalcityortown,theymay____________________formoredetails.10Robertisa__________________ attheUniversityofYork.Readingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions-Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Oysterisanappetisingfoodwithloadofhealthbenefits.Oystersprovideanabundanceofvitaminsandminerals,packedintoahigh-protein,low-fat,andlow-cholesterolpackage.Oystersareafavouriteamongexoticfoodsandresearchnowshowsthisshellfishtobearichsourceofzinc,oneofthemineralsrequiredfortheproductionoftestosterone.Thetextureoftherawoysterissoftandfleshy;ithasauniqueflavourthatissweetandsometimesalty.Thetextureandflavourofoysterisofteninfluencedbythewaterthattheyhavegrownin,withvariationsinsalinity,minerals,andnutrients.Oysterscanbeeatenhalfshelled,raw,smoked,boiled,baked,fried,roasted,stewed,canned,pickled,steamed,grilledanditisbestpairedwithadeliciouscocktaildrinkorwine.Healthbenefits:·Oystersarethemostconcentratednaturalsourceofzinc,whichisessentialtomaintainastrongimmunesystem,supportwoundhealing,maintainthesensesoftasteandsmell.Zincdeficiencycanresultinsymptomssuchasslowgrowth,poorappetite,decreasedwoundhealing,lossofhair,impairedsensesoftasteandsmell,morefrequentinfections.·Oysterisagoodsourceofprotein;eachservingofsixmediumoysterscontainssixgramsofprotein.Theproteinfoundinoystersishighintyrosine,anaminoacidusedbythebraintohelpregulatemoodandadapttostress.·Oysterislowinfatandcalories.Aservingofoysterscontainsjust2gramsoffat.·Oysterislowincholesterol.Itonlycontains55mgofcholesterolperserving.·Oysterhelpsmaintaincollagenandelastinfibersthatgiveskinitsfirmnessandhelppreventsaggingandwrinkles.·Oysterisaknownaphrodisiacbecauseitisrichinaminoacidsthattriggerincreasedlevelsofsexhormones.Anotherreasonisthathighzinccontentofoysteraidsintheproductionoftestosterone.·Oystercanhelpimprovevision.·Oysterisalsorichiniron,calciumandvitaminA.Pearloyster:Alltypesofoysters(and,indeed,almostallothershelledmolluscs)cansecreteconcretionsthatareknownbybiologistsaspearls,butthosewhichsometimesforminedibleoystersareunattractiveandhavenomarketvalueatall.Pearloysters,however,arenotcloselyrelatedtotrueoysters.Theyareinatotallydifferentfamily.Bothculturedpearlsandnaturalpearlscanbeobtainedfromtheseoystersandalsoyieldpearlsofcommercialvalue.Thelargestpearl-bearingoystertypeisthesaltwaterPinctadamaxima,whichisroughlythesizeofadinnerplate.Notallindividualoystersproducepearlsnaturally.Infact,inahaulofthreetonsofoysters,onlyaroundthreeorfouroystersproduceperfectpearls.Innature,pearloystersproducenaturalpearlsbycoveringaminuteinvadingparasitewithnacre(motherofpearl).Overtheyears,theirritatingobjectiscoveredwithenoughlayersofnacretoformwhatweknowasapearl.Therearemanydifferenttypesandcoloursandshapesofpearl;thesequalitiesdependonthenaturalpigmenttoneofthenacre,andtheshapeoftheoriginalirritantwhichwasbeingcoveredover.Pearlscanalsobecultivatedbypearlfarmersplacinganucleus,usuallyapieceofpolishedmusselshell,insidetheoyster.Inthreetosixyears,theoysterwillproduceaperfectpearl.Thesepearlsarenotasvaluableasnaturalpearls,butlookexactlythesame.Infactsincethebeginningofthe20thcentury,whenseveralresearchersdiscoveredhowtoproduceartificialpearls,theculturedpearlmarkethasfaroutgrownthenaturalpearlmarket.NaturalpearlshavebecomescarcerandscarcerandanecklacewithonlynaturalpearlscaneasilycostseveralhundredthousandUSdollars.Oystercookingtips:Rawoystersshouldalwaysbeservedchilledonabedofice.Thinly-sliced,butteredpumpernickelorcrispthincrackerscompletetherawoystereatingexperience.Relaxingthemusclestoshuckoystersiseasierifyoutosstheminthefreezerforabout10to15minutes,butdon'tforgetthem!Ifyouhaveliveoysterstobeusedinacookeddish,ratherthanforeatingraw,youcansteam(afewsecondswilldoit)ormicrowave(about30-60secondsdependingontheovenwattage)themjustuntiltheshellsopen.Thencutthemfromtheshellsandproceed.Oystersaresaltybynature,somostrecipesusingoysterswillnotneedtobesalted.Choosefreshly-shuckedoystersforbroiling,smoking,orbakingonthehalf-shell.Aswithmanyfoods,sizeandagemakeadifference—smallerandyoungeroysterswillmostlikelybemoretender.Mostimportantly,cookoystersgentlytoavoidturningthemintoarubbery,chewywasteofgoodshellfish.Whentheedgesbegintocurl,they'vehadenoughheat.Herbsthatpairwellwithoystersincludethyme,fennelseed,paprika,andparsley.1Oysterisahigh-protein,low-fat,andlow-cholesterolseafood.2Whereoystersgrowaffectstheirflavourandtexture.3Therearealotofwaysofcookingoyster.4ThespiritsuchasVodkacanbepairedwithoyster.5Havingtoomuchoysterwillleadtolooseskinandwrinkledface.6Thepearlswhichgrowinedibleoystersareeye-catching.7Thecolourofpearlsisdeterminedbythenaturalpigmenttoneofthenacre.8____________________produceperfectpearls.9Theculturedpearlmarkethasexpandedwhen____________________.10Withitssaltynature,donotput ____________________intooyster.Readingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked(a),(b),(c)and(d).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Mindmap mnemonictechniqueReadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SevensecretsforasuccessfulmarriageReadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked(a),(b),(c)and(d).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Behindthefirstlady,ashadowstylistMichelleObamahasbecomethemistresstoAmericanfashion."TheFirstLadytheWorld'sBeenWaitingfor",blazestheMarchcoverofVogue,whereMrsObamaappearsinafuchsia(桃紅)dressbyJasonWu,theyoungtalentshehelpedturnintoanovernightstar.NofirstladysinceJacquelineKennedyhashadamoreinstantaneousimpactonfashion.WhateverMrsObamawears,peoplenoticeandveryoftenbuy.DespitetheclosestudythatpeoplehavemadeofMrsObama'sstyle,itisnotknownthatherwardrobeisbeingmanagedlargelybyaboutiqueownerinChicago.IkramGoldman,whosestoreiscalledIkram,hasplayedanunprecedentedrolesincetheelection,servingasgatekeeperbetweenthefashionindustryandthefirstlady.AlldetailsregardingthemakingofMrsObama'swardrobefortheinauguralwereoverseenbyMsGoldman,whokeptdesignersinthedarkaboutwhethertheiroutfitwouldbechosen.Accordingtothedesignersinvolved,noneofthemhaddirectcontactwiththefirstlady—asdesignershavehadinthepastwithfirstladies.TheyworkedfrommeasurementsandotherinformationprovidedbyMsGoldmananddeliveredthefinishedgarmentstoChicagoorWashington."Itwasallveryblind,"saidMariaCornejo,whomadeeightjewel-tonesuits,twowintercoatsandthreedressesforMrsObama.MsCornejosaidshehadaroughideaofwhatwouldfitthenewfirstladybasedonthingsMrsObamahadalreadywornfromthedesigner'sline.DesignersarereluctanttodiscusstheirdealingswithMsGoldman—inpart,somesaid,becausetheyhavenotreceivedguidancefromtheWhiteHouseandinpartbecausetheydon'twanttosaysomethingthatmightcausethemtolosebusiness.AsforMsGoldman,shehasremainedvirtuallyinvisibleandhasnotmadeherselfavailableforinterviews.MrsObama'spresssecretary,KatieMcCormickLelyveld,characterizedthefirstlady'srelationshipwithMsGoldmanasthatofaloyalclient.Totheoldergenerationofdesignstars,theideathatafirstladywouldrelysoheavilyonaretailer—ratherthanondesignersoranindependentstylist,peoplewhomaketheirlivingsolvingproblemsoffitandproportion—issurprising.Tosomeinfashion,thereisalsoaquestionofapossibleconflictofinterestonMsGoldman'spart,becauseshesellsclothesbythedesignersthatMrsObamahaswornandstandstobenefitfromtheirexposure."Itisstrangetothinkthatthewifeoftheleaderofthefreeworldwouldchooseclothesfromonlyonestore,whenthereisawealthofclothesouttherefromotherdesigners,includingme,"ArnoldScaasisaid.MrScaasi,whohasdressedfirstladiessinceMamieEisenhower,thoughisperhapsbestknownforthebluevelvetandsilkinauguralgownofBarbaraBush,saidhecouldnotrecallatimewhendesignersdidnothavedirectaccesstotheWhiteHouse.HewascriticalofMrWu'sdesignforMrsObama,becauseofitsloosefit."Idon'tthinktheinauguralgownwasflatteringinanyway,"hesaid."Shecouldhavelookedmuchbetter."MrsObama'spredecessorstypicallywentdirectlytoSeventhAvenuefortheirclothes,bypassingstores,editors,stylistsandotherswhomighthaveanagendaoftheirown.Tobesure,manydesignershavebenefitedfromtheirtradewithafirstlady—fewmoresothanOlegCassini,whodressedMrsKennedyandforyearsafterwardexploitedthatconnection.MrsKennedyalsoboughtPariscopiesfromChezNinon,aboutiqueinNewYork.MsGoldman,whois41andwhogavebirthinDecembertotwins,isconsideredaretaildynamo(精力充沛的人).It'snotuncommonforhertoaskdesignerstomakespecialpiecesforcustomers,andmanydesignersappreciatehertaste,whichcombinesvintagewithmorenovelfashion.Herstore,inbothitsAsiatictrappingsandselectionofhigh-endEuropean,JapaneseandAmericanlabels,isagoodexampleofthecuratorialshoppingexperiencethatfashion-consciouswomenlikewhenhuntingdown$2,000handbagsand$6,000crystal-studdedcoats.Accordingtocampaign-financerecords,sheandherhusband,JoshGoldman,alawyer,gaveatleast$6,900totheObamacampaign.OpinionisdividedaboutwhetherMrsObama'sshoppingapproachrepresentsapositivedeparturefromthepastorraisesconcernaboutconcentratingherbusinesswithoneplace.(Asherpresssecretarypointedout,thefirstladyalsoshopsatGapandJ.Crew.)Indeed,manydesigners,battlingenormouseconomicpressures,likereducedordersfromstores,saidtheyhadnothadtimetoconsidertheimplicationsofMsGoldman'srole.ToMsToledo,whomadeMrsObama'sinauguraldayclothesandhasbeenaskedtomakenewclothesforher,thisapproachhasneverbeenfairer."It'sopenedthedoorformanyofuswhomightnothavebeenlookedatall,"shesaid.Inanemailmessage,MrWusaidhehastripledsalesappointmentsforhisfallcollection,whichhewillpresentFriday,andthatstoreslikeNeimanMarcushavegivenhisdesignswindowdisplaynexttoglobalbrandslikeDior.AnumberofstylewatchersnotewithsurprisethatMrsObamaseemstobewearinglessMariaPintosincetheelection,thoughthismaychange."Forme,themostmemorabledressesthatMichellehaswornweredesignedbyMaria,"saidthedesignerTracyReese,referringto,amongothers,thefiery(火紅的)reddressthatMrsObamaworetomeettheBushesattheWhiteHouse.SherecalledmeetingMrsObamaatapartylastJune,whenshetoldthedesigner:"Ineedtobewearingyourthings."MsReese,whosemoderate-pricedclothesarenotcarriedatIkram,saidshereceivedacallinDecemberfromMsGoldmanrequestingdaydresses.Becauseshedoesn'thaveasampleroom,MsReesehadtobringinpeopletomaketheorder,whichwassenttoIkramlastmonth."I'mstillhopingshe'llwearthedresses,"MsReesesaid.AskedifshesawaconflictofinterestthatMrsObama'sclothesarepredominantlybydesignerscarriedatIkram,MsReesesaid,"IwouldhavethoughtsoifIhadn'tgottenthephonecall."KarenErickson,whosecompanysuppliesIkramwiththeEricksonBeamonpinsthatMrsObamalikes,pointsoutthatgoingthroughMsGoldmanisnodifferentthanworkingwithaHollywoodstylist.ExceptMrsObamaisnotaHollywoodstar.Here,thereisarisk:CanthefirstladyoftheUnitedStateswearborrowedthings,likethe$17,313pairofLoreeRodkindiamondearringssheworetothe"WeAreOne"concert,onJan18,withoutappearingtosupportthemandthusincreasetheirvalue?TheWhiteHousewouldnotrespond.Itisunknownifthoseitemswerelatersold.1DesignersworkforMrsObamafrom ______________________________(a) directcontactwithher(b) informationprovidedbyMsGoldman(c) theirownimagination(d) informationfromTVandmagazines2DesignersarereluctanttodiscusstheirdealingswithMsGoldmanpartlybecause__________________(a) theyfearthattheymaylosebusiness(b) theyhaven'tgotpermissionfromtheWhiteHouse(c) itisagainstthelawtoletoutanyinformationrelatedtothefirstlady(d) theircomponentsmaylearnthesecret3Theoldergenerationofdesignstarsconsidersit ________________________thatMrsObamadoesn'trelyheavilyondesignersoranindependentstylist.(a)reasonable (b)surprising(c)amusing (d)absurd4ArnoldScaasiwascriticalofMrWu'sdesignforMrsObama,because_____________(a) hewasenviousofMrWu(b) thecolourofthedresswastoobright(c) thedresswasloose(d) MrsObamadidn'tlookgoodinthatdress5MsGoldmanisappreciatedbymanydesignersfor_______________(a) herenergy(b) hercloserelationshipwithMsObama(c) hertaste(d) hertalentforbusiness6 ManydesignersseldomconsidertheimplicationsofMsGoldman'srolebecause_________.(a) thefirstladyalsoshopsatotherstores(b) enormouseconomicpressuresoccupytheirattention(c) MsGoldmanisinfluentialinthisfield(d) theydon'twanttogetintotrouble7 ToMsToledo,MrsObama'sshoppingapproachis______________.(a)negative (b)positive(c)unfair (d)neithernegativenorpositive8 BeforeMrsObama, _____________hashadthemostinstantaneousimpactonfashionamongfirstladies.9 MrsObama'srelationshipwithMsGoldmanischaracterizedasthatof_____________.10 __________________usedtobetheplacewheremostfirstladiestypicallywentdirectlyfortheirclothes.Readingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked(a)f(b),(c)and(d).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.OnOurOwn1.Accordingtothepassage,JeanneBecker'smarriagewas ________.(a)difficulttoreach (b)unsuccessful (c)satisfying (d)broken2.AccordingtotheChildren'sBureauoftheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,athirdofadoptiveparentsaresinglewomen________.(a)intheirthirties(b)poor-educatedd)well-educatedandfinanciallysecure3.Thosesinglewomendescribetheadoptionprocessandsolochild-rearingas____________________.(a)easy (b)enjoyable (c)expensive (d)cheap4.DarsieBowdenofSkokietravelledtoChinatoadoptachildbecause__________ .(a)pickingupachildtheredoesn'tcostmuchmoney(b)sheneedn'tstaytherelongtoadoptachild(c)childrenthereareallhealthy(d)onlyChinapermitssinglewomentoadoptachild5.Parentsareencouragedbyadoptionspecialiststo__________ .(a)keepcontactwiththeirchildren'sbirthparents(b)holdmoreparties(c)gettogetherwithotheradoptiveparents(d)establishculturallinkswiththeirchildren'snativecountry6.FortypercentofchildrenattheBlackAdoptionPlacementandResearchCenterinOaklandareadoptedby___________.(a)marriedblackcouples (b)singleblackwomen(c)singlewhitewomen (d)marriedwhitecouples7.AsHopeMarindinsees,therearealwaysobjectionstosingleadoptionsbecause_________ .(a)itisbestforchildrentohavetwoparentsofoppositegenders(b)adoptedchildrenwillnotknowwhatafamilystructureis(c)singleparentscannotaffordraisingchildren(d)therearealotofunexpectedchallenges8.Afairlytypicaltimeframetoadoptachildis_______________ .9.Inmanycountries,only________________areallowedtoadoptchildren.10.Childrenwhohavespentyearsinorphanagescanexhibit__________ .Readingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked(a)(b),(c)and(d).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Whatyoucandoaboutmissedflights?Everbeenbumped(取消訂位)offaflightbecauseitwasoverbooked,missedanappointmentbecauseanairportwasclosedbybadweather,orhadaholidaycutshortbecauseyourplanehadmechanicalproblems?Frustrating,isn'tit?Butwhatcanyoudoaboutit?Whatareyourrights?Itdependsonwhatcountryyou'rein,whatairlineyou'vebookedon,whatsortofticketyouhold,whatcausedthedelay,whoyouare,andyourreasonfortravelling.Youmaybeentitledtoquitealot,oryoumaybeentitledtoverylittle.AstheaviationconsumerprotectiondivisionoftheUSDepartmentofTransportpointsoutonitswebsite,thepoliciesofdifferentairlinesvaryenormously.Itadvises,ifyouaredelayed,asktheairlinestaffiftheywillpayformealsorphonecalls.Somedonotprovideanyservicestostrandedpassengers.Othersmaynotofferservicesifbadweatherorsomethingelsebeyondtheairline'scontrolcausesthedelay.AirNewZealandisprobablyrepresentingeveryairlineintheworldwhenitsays"itisextremelyunfortunatewhendelaysoccur"andwhenitdoestheairline"iscommittedtoworkingwithitscustomerstoensureminimaldisruptiontotheirtravelplans".Butastheyarecommercialorganizations,thereisalimittohowmuchairlinesarepreparedtodoforthosecustomers.Thebaselineforwhatyoucanexpectisprovidedbyinternationalconventionsthatmostairlineshavesignedwhichstatethatapassengerwhoseflightdoesn'ttakeplaceisentitledtoafarerefund.Ontopofthat,manycountrieshavealsopassedlawslayingdownlevelsofassistancepassengersshouldbegivendependingonthecircumstances.Fromapassengerperspective,themostgenerousplacetosufferflightdelayistheEuropeanUnion,whichhasnewrulesduetocomeintoforceinFebruary—thoughtheaviationindustryischallengingthecourt—thatwouldsignificantlyincreasewhatairlineshavetoprovide.TheEUwantsanyonebumpedoffanoverbookedflighttogetto$1,000compensation,aswellasaticketrefundorabookingonanalternativeflight.Butthemostcontroversialprovisionisthatwhereaflightisdelayedforreasonsoutsidetheairlines'control—badweather,say,orstatesecurityrequirements—theEUthinkspassengerssh