第九講：介詞

一、【考點解讀】

介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句子中不能單獨作成分。介詞后面一般有

名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀

語、表語、補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時間介詞、地點介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。

介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng)，可以用來表示各種不同的意

Mrs.Smith'skitchen

Mrs.Smith'skitchenissmall.

Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.

Therefrigeratoriswhite.

Itisontheright.

Thereisanelectriccookerinthekitchen.

Thecookerisblue.

Itisontheleft.

Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom.

Thereisabottleonthetabi已

Thebottleisempty.

Thereisacuponthetable,too.

Thecupisclean.

知識點1------時間介詞at,on,in的用法

1.at

（1）表示具體時刻，如：

atthreeo'clock在三點鐘athalfpasteight在八點半

（2）固定搭配：

atnoonatnightatdawnatdusk

atthemomentatfirstatthebeginningatpresent

atlastatsunriseatsunsetattheageof

atthesametimeatdinnertimeattheendofatChristmas

2.on

（1）表示具體某一天（包括節(jié)假日），如:

onMarch8th,2016在2016年3月8日

onChildren'sDay在JL童節(jié)（attheSpringFestival）

onSunday在星期天

（2）表示具體某一天的早、中、晚，如：

onSaturdaymorning在周六早上

onarainyevening在一個下雨的傍晚

onahotafternoon在一個炎熱的下午

3.in

（1）表示月份，季節(jié)，年，年代，世紀(jì)，如：

inJuly在七月.insummer在夏天in2016在2016年

inthe1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)inhistwenties在他20多歲

（2）后面跟一段時間，表示“…?.之后”，指將來的時間，如：

inaweek一周之后inafewmonths幾個月之后

I'llbebackinafewminutes.我?guī)追昼姾蠡貋怼?/p>

(3)固定搭配

inthemorninginEnglishinaminute

inahurryintimeintheend

注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight,all,most等詞之前——般不力口介詞。如:

thismorning今天早晨（on）thatday在那天（thatday更常用些）

lastweek上周nextyear明年

nextmonth下個月everyday每天

onemorning一天早晨yesterdayafternoon昨天下午

tomorrowmorning明天早晨allday/morning/night整天/整個早晨/整晚

知識點2-地點、方位介詞at,in,on,above,below的用法

1.at表示在某個具體地點，即“小地方”（比城市?。?

athomeatschoolatthebusstation

atthecorneratthetopofattheschoolgate

atthecrossroadsatthefootofattheairport

2.in"在…之中”，表示在某范圍之內(nèi)，或某個地方（城市，國家等大地方），如:

Therearemanybooksinmyschoolbag.

MygrandparentsareinBeijingnow.

固定搭配:

inthecar.inthemiddleofinthelibrary

inthehospitalinShanghaiinChina

intheworldintheeastinthesky

注意：在某個地理范圍內(nèi)的“東、南、西、北”方，也用in,如:

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

3.on"在…之上”，表示某物體上面并與之接觸，如:

Mybookisonthetable.

固定搭配:

onthedeskonthewallontheplayground

ontheroadontheright/leftonabus/train

ontheshelfonone'swaytoonbothsidesoftheriver

注意：地理上與某個地方接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用on,如:

ShanghaiisonthesouthofJiangsu.

補(bǔ)充：地理上與某個地方不接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用to,如:

JapanistotheeastofChina.

4.above意為“高出…”，“超過…”，指在上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over）與below相對,

如:

Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.

5.below意為“在...之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under），如:

Thefishwereswimmingbelowthesurfaceofthewater.

圖示總結(jié)

o1,1eoone?

“相距”“相鄰""包含”

三.表運(yùn)動方向和位置的介詞：

1.across/through/over/by經(jīng)過

①across指橫穿，穿過.表示動作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.②through指穿過，透過，表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通

過.

③over表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過，不與表面接觸.④by/past表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.

Canyouswimtheriver?/Theelephantissobigthatitcan'tgothegate.

Idon'tthinkanyonecanjump___thefence./IwalkedthebankofChinayesterday.

2.between,among

①between指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；Thereisabankbetweenthepostofficeandthepolicestation.

②among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間eg:Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.3.in,into,out

of

①in：在...里面，用于表示靜止的位置。Hermotherworksinthehospital.

②into：進(jìn)入，用于表示有特定終點的運(yùn)動方向，經(jīng)常與表示動作的動詞連用如,e,go,run,rush等。

Thechildranintohismother'sarms,這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里

③outof：從...里出來，與into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動方向。如：

Allthechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomwhenthebellrang.

四?表示方式的介詞with/in/by表示“用...”（注意格式要對齊）

l.with表示“用...”一般指有形的工具/手段/人體器官.

Hecuttheappleintohalvesaknife.注：with表伴隨，”帶有,含有“

Hecameinabigsmileonhisface.

2.ina）表示用某種語言，方式，途徑.或書寫/繪畫所用的材料..

CanyousayitEnglish?/Hewrotealetterblueink.

b）以…方式inthisway用這種方法behaveinapoliteway

c）也可表交通方式travelinacard）“穿著"inred穿紅色的衣服

3.bya）表示乘坐交通工具,travelbybus

b）以...方式、方法或手段Istudyforatestworkingwithagroup.

4.ona）通過studyontheair/radio通過廣播學(xué)習(xí)b）乘坐onabus/onabike

注意：l）.byphone=onthephone2）.bycar=inacar3）.inpen=withapen=withpens

五.范圍介詞

In在..里邊inourclassbetween在兩者之間betweenus

among在三者或三者以上的中間amongstudents

besides除了..之外還有（包括后面的賓語）Tom,JimbesidesLily.

except除了..之外（不包括后面的賓語）Tom,JimexceptLily.

including包括Allthestudentsincludingme.

六.介詞詞組辨析

1.onthetree/inthetree

①onthetree表示“樹上本身長的東西”在樹上.②inthetree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中”人或物在

樹上.

Therearesomeapplesthetree./Thereisaboythetree.

2.inthewall/onthewall

?inthewall表示“門窗在墻上“②onthewall表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”

apicturethewallthewindowthewall

3.except/besides/exceptfor

l).except除了...之外，都...不包括在范圍之內(nèi)，排除同類的.WeallwentswimmingexceptLucy.

注：nothingbut…除了…之外，什么也沒有.Thereisnothingbutaletterinthebox.

2).besides除了...之外，還有...包括在范圍之內(nèi).WestudyJapaneseandFrenchbesidesEnglish

3)exceptfor句中的主語與exceptfor后的賓語不同類：

Smithisagoodman,exceptforhisbadtemper.史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個好人

4.with/without

l).with具有，帶有反義詞：without沒有詞組:withthehelpof=withone'shelp反義詞：without

one'shelp

2).without的用法:A).without+sb./sth.沒有某人或某物

B).without+doingsth.Heleftherewithout(say)“Goodbye'、。us

C).withoutsth常與if引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.Ifthereisnowater,wecan?tlive.=Wecan?tlive

5.bemade+介詞的區(qū)別：

bemadeof由...制成(看得見原材料)；bemadefrom由...制成(看不見原材料)

bemadein+地點由哪兒生產(chǎn)；bemadebysb.由某人制造

bemadeinto+成品制成某種產(chǎn)品

6.since/for(常用于現(xiàn)在完成時).

1).since:a).since+表示過去的時間短語(since+yesterday/twoyearsago/lastweek)

b)since+過去時態(tài)的句子

2)for:for+段時間=since+過去的時間

7.其他固定搭配

befullof充滿；befilledwith裝滿...；bebornin出生于；besureof確信；

beusedto習(xí)慣于...；belatefor遲到；bestrictwithsb對某人要求嚴(yán)格；beexcitedabout對...感到激動。

介詞與動詞的固定搭配:

arrivein/at到達(dá)大/小地方；agreewith同意，贊同；askfor要求，請求

catchupwith趕上，追上；efrom來自；dowellin在...做得好；

decideon決定；fallbehind落后;getto至U達(dá)；gotoschool去上學(xué);

getonwith與某人相處；goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事；gotobed(sleep)去睡覺；

gotothecinema去看電影；havenothingwith與...無關(guān)；hearof聽說；

hearfrom收到...來信;help...with…在（某方面）幫助；handin交上來。

8、常用的詞組

athome在家inEnglish用英語

atnight在夜里intheend最后

atwork上班inthestreet在彳野上

atschool上學(xué)introuble有麻煩

beafraidof害怕knockat敲（門）

befullof充滿laughat嘲笑

begoodat擅長listento聽....

bytheway順便提一下lookafter照料

bekindto對....好lookat看...

belatefor遲到ofcourse當(dāng)然

getreadyfor為....做準(zhǔn)備onone'swayto在去某地的路上

goover復(fù)習(xí)ontheleft/right在左/右邊

handin上交ontime準(zhǔn)時

helponeselfto隨便吃…..takepartin參加

hundredsof成百的talkabout談?wù)?/p>

inahurry匆匆忙忙地takecareof照料

inaminute一會兒后waitfor等待

9.不用介詞的情況：

1.當(dāng)時間狀為：tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等時，不用介詞.Whatareyougoingtodotonight?

2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等時間狀語.HewenttoWuhanlastweek.

3.以all開頭的時間狀語前面不用介詞.Hehasworkedallday.

4.以some,any,one等構(gòu)成的時間狀語前不用介詞.

Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanacoldmorning.

三、【典例探究】

【例題1】：

()1.BettyArrivedParistheeveningofJune1.

A.at;inB.on;onC.in;inD.in;on

答案：D(解析：本題主要考查國家和城市前面需要加介詞in,在具體的某一天的早上、中午、晚上，要

用介詞ono)

()2.Mymotherisusuallybusyhouseworkatnome.

A.doB.withC.inD.for

答案：B(解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于busy的固定搭配“bebusy(in)doing/withsth.”(忙于做某事。)學(xué)生只要

掌握這個用法就可以輕而易舉的解題了。)

()3.Itwassofoolishhimtoaskhersuchaquestion.

A.ofB.forC.toD.with

答案：A(解析：本題主要考查關(guān)于it的固定搭配“Itis+adj.+todosth”其中Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosth前

面的形容詞主要是表示人的品行的，如：kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever........

則由of連接人若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對不定式行為者的品格進(jìn)行評價，用forsb.,這類形容詞

Wdifficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible等等。

()4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsand____movingXotherichlandinthesouthofChina.

A.fromB.withC.atD.on

答案：A(解析：本題主要考查stop的用法“stop..￡omdoingsth.阻止某事的發(fā)生”，建議學(xué)生能夠積累一些

關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配)

四、【課堂運(yùn)用】

【基礎(chǔ)】

【練習(xí)1】

I.Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions

1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairportWednesday.

2.WhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?

3.Thefirstclassbegins8o'clockthemorning.

4.WewillbeinNanjingTuesday.

5.Mr.Blackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.

6.theendoflastspringWanghaijoinedthearmytheend.

7.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.

8.Theplaneisflyingthemountains.

9TheDeadSeaisthesealevel.

10.TaiwanisthesoutheastofChina.

11.ChildrengetgiftsNewYear'sDayandtheirbirthdays.

12Thesportsmeetingwasheldasunnyday.

13.Thereisawindowthewall.

14.Thereisamapandaclockwallourclassroom.

15.Tomgoestoschoolhisfather^careveryday.

II.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>

1.Wetraveledovernightandarrivedhomethemorning.

A.on;inB.at;inC.in;inD.at;on

2.LookthemapofChinathewall,please.

Aat;inB.for;atC.at;onD.on;in

3.Thecarisstartingfiveminutes.

A.atB.onC.inD.of

4.Wereturnedtoourhometown.

A.inlastweekB.inthelastweek

C.lastweekD.foraweek

5.ChildrenwakeupveryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.

A.inB.onC.forD.at

6.Whydidyougetupsoearlythismorning?

A.onB./C.atD.in

7.HearrivedShanghai9:30March5.

A.at;in;atB.to;on;at

C.in;on;atD.in;at;on

8.MissWangisingtoBeijingtwodays.

A.afterB.inC.onD.before

9.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwontheend.

A.byB.atC.inD.on

10.NewYear'sEve,peopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.

A.inB.atC.onD.for

【鞏固】

【練習(xí)1]

I.填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~

1.MypencilcaseisLiLei'sdesk.

2.Thereisabridgetheriver.

3.Theplaneisflyingtheclouds.

4.Pleasedonotwritethisline.

5.Thefishswimthebridge.

6.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.

7.HeonlywatchesbasketballgameTV.

8.EnglandisthesouthofIrelandandtheeastofEurope.

9.theafternoonofthisSunday,myuncleisarrivingShanghai.

10.1amgoingtomeethim__________thestationthisevening.

II.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>

1.SouthKorealiestheeastofAsia,thesouthofNorthKorea.

A.in;onB.on;inC.in;toD.on;on

2.JiangsuistheeastofChina,butJapanistheeastofChi.na.

A.to;inB.in;toC.on;toD.to;on

3.TheUnitedStatesis______thesouthofCanadaand____—theeastofJapan.

A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on

4.Therewasabigsmile______ourteacher'sface.

AoffB.nearC.onD.between

5.Theywillhaveamathtest______twodays.

A.forB.atC.inD.after

6.Wehadourbreakfast______aquarter______seven.

A./,toB.in;toC.at,toD.on,to

7.Don'tshouttheoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepoliteher.

A.to;atB.al;toC.in;forD.from;for

8.HastheteachergivenyouanyadviceyourEnglishstudy?

A.fromB.withC.onD.in

9.Alittlemonkeyisplayingatreeandtherearealotofbananasit.

A.on;onB.in;onC.on;inD.in;in

10.Whoaretheboys______greensportsshirts?

A.withB.inC.atD.from

【拔高】

【練習(xí)1]

l.Alargegroupofstudentsarewaitingthebusstopfortheschoolbus.

A.forB.atC.toD.on

2.Tom,youarethepersonI'mlooking!etohelpmedealwiththecase.

A.atB.forC.afterD.up

3.PeopleonChongmingIslandcangotoShanghaiundergroundsoon.

AinBbyCatDon

4.AustraliaisfamousitsPinkLake,butnowpeoplecan'tenjoythesceneryanylonger.

A.forB.withC.ofD.from

5.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.

A.inB.onC.betweenD.among

6.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtodigthemountaintomakeatunnel（隧道）.

A.acrossB.throughC.aboveD.throughout

7.ThefilmWolfWarriors11turnedtobeabigsuccessin2017.

A.outB.overC.onD.down

8.Itw.asabsolutelyimpossibletobuildafirethatcoldwinternight.

A.onB.inC.ofD.by

9.Franceisfamousitsgreatwine,touristattractionsandfashionshows.

A.asB.forC.toD.with

10.A:Fmthirsty.rd.likeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Dad?

B:Ipreferacupofcoffeenothinginit.

A.withB.withoutC.forD.to

11.ThetourguidehappenedtomeetahugefiercemonsterMysteryIsland.

A.inB.onC.atD.by

12.1wasangrymyselfformakingsuchastupidmistake.

A.ofB.atC.withD.for

13.Leadersfrom20countriesandorganizationattendedtheHangzhouG20Summit_September,2016.

A.onB.inC.atD.for

14.Nicholsset_earlythismorningforhisfarmhouseinCalifornia.

A.withBoffCaboutDup

15.PleaseconnectthespeakerstheCDplayersothatwecanhearthesongsclearly.

A.byB.ofC.atD.to

16.Lefshavearestthetimebeing,thenwewillcontinuetodiscusstheplan

A.onB.inC.atD.for

17.USpresidentDonaldTrumpstartedhisvisittoChinaNovember8,2017.

A.withB.inC.onD.of

18.Ourheadmasteralwaysencouragestheschoolcookstoservehealthymealsjunkfood.

A.underB.ofC.withD.without

19.Insteadtellinghimtheanswer,theteacherhelpedhim

toreadthetextagain.

A.ofB.forC.atD.to

20.Lilyspentyearscaringhersickuncle.

A.ofB.atC.forD.with

21.AgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivityDec.20th.

A.inB.onC.toD.at

22.Someyoungparentsareunawarethedangerofgivingtheirbabiessmartphones.

A.withB.forC.inD.of

23.Therewere22medicalserviceareastheroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.

A.alongB.withC.throughD.across

24.Sue'sstillveryangrymeforforgettingherbirthday

A)forB)toC.withD)by

25.Theworld*ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscoveredasmallCaribbeanisland.

A)onB)inC)forD)at

26.1rememberthatmycousinPetercametoseeusaverycoldnightlasttime.

A)inB)onC)atD)with

27.1fsmonknowledgethatleaveschangefromgreentobrownautumn.

A)atB)onC)byD)in

28.Withanaveragetemperatureof20degrees,springisitswaytoShanghai.

A)onB)inC)ofD)by

29.Thestorysoundsquitefamiliar____me,andIgotalittlebored.

A)offB)forC)toD)with

30.Tomysurprise,theanswerturnedtobequiterightatlast.

A)intoB)downC)outD)in

31.The24thWinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijingFebruary,2022.

A)inB)onC)atD)by

32.1apologizedtotheteachernotfinishingtheexercisesintime.

A)forB)atC)asD)of

33.Howmuchtimedoyouspendyourstudyeveryday?

A)inB)onC)atD)with

34.ThemanagerwasangryMorrisbecausehesentemailstothewrongcustomeragain.

A.atB.toC.withD.from

35.Zhujiajiao,anoldtownwithahistoryofhundredsofyears,liesthewestofShanghai.

A.onB.inC.toD.among

36.ThetraveleraskedsomewaterwhenhepassedGrannyLi'shouse.

A.byB.forC.withD.of

37.WeallknowMother'sDayiscelebratedthesecondSundayofMay.

A)inB)toC)onD)at

38.Thelawpreventsbusinessmenbuyingandsellingivory,toothoftheelephant.

A.byB.ofC.againstD.from

39.LastweekendImetaforeignerinthestreetandshowedhimthewayEnglish.

A)w汕B)onC)inD)by

40.Arightfashionablescarf,necklace,beltetc.canaddvarietysimpleclothes.

A)forB)byC)withD)to

41.Jerrylosthiswayinthefield,thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.

A.orB.forC.butD.so

五、【課后鞏固】

【習(xí)題1】

一、填入正確的介詞。

1.Thereisamapoftheworldthewall.

2.Thestationismyhome.Ittakesonlyafewminutestogetthere.

3.Thesunrisestheeastandgoesdown.thewest.

4.SheesEngland.

5.Who'sknockingthedoor?

6.It'susuallyquiethereSundaymorning.

7.school,theboysplayfootball.

8.Ifshalffivenow.

9.It*s