Optionalcompulsory2Unit3

FitforlifeⅠ.話題單詞話題詞匯vaccinatev.給……接種疫苗

sicklyadj.常生病的；體弱的wholesomeadj.有益健康的

painkillern.止痛藥

hygienen.衛(wèi)生

clinicn.診所surgeryn.外科手術(shù)

injectionn.注射

diagnosisn.診斷

cashiern.收費處

treatmentn.治療

registrationn.掛號cancern.癌癥

influenzan.流感

sanatoriumn.療養(yǎng)院

pharmacistn.藥劑師

anaesthetistn.麻醉師

pathologistn.病理學醫(yī)生psychologistn.心理醫(yī)生

radiologistn.放射科醫(yī)生

ophthalmologistn.眼科醫(yī)生

neurologistn.神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生

pediatriciann.兒科醫(yī)師

ENTdoctor耳鼻喉科醫(yī)生emergencyphysician急診醫(yī)生Ⅱ.話題詞塊takeasample取樣

ordertests開具檢查單bloodtest血液檢測

checkone'spulse把脈

painreliever止痛藥

performsurgery/anoperation做手術(shù)haveamedicalhistory有病史

diagnoseadisease診斷疾病

takeone'stemperature量體溫

medicalbill醫(yī)療賬單

treatsymptoms治療癥狀

physicaltherapy物理治療medicalinsurance醫(yī)療保險

reduceinflammation減輕炎癥

undergoatreatment接受治療sufferfromacondition/disease患有某種疾病prescribeacourseoftreatment開一個療程Ⅲ.話題句式1.Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossible

forpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.在過去的幾十年里，醫(yī)療技術(shù)進步已經(jīng)使得人們比過去活的時間更長成為可能。2.Thereisnodenyingthefactthat

airpollutionisanextremelyseriousproblemandthecityauthoritiesshouldtakestrongmeasurestodealwithit.無可否認，空氣污染是一個極其嚴重的問題：市政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來解決這個問題。3.Whenitcomesto

ahealthydiet,nutritionistsbelievethattheincreasingconsumptionofvegetablesandfruitscanlowertherisksof

strokeandcoronaryheartdisease.說起健康飲食，營養(yǎng)學家認為多吃蔬菜水果可以降低中風和冠心病的發(fā)病危險。4.Accordingto

arecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledie

eachyearfrom

diseaseslinkedto

smoking.根據(jù)最近的一項調(diào)查，每年有四百萬人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。Ⅳ.語法填空Genomeeditingbringsmanyexcitingpossibilities.1.__________iswellknowntoyou,genesplayacriticalroleinshapingourlives,andourownpersonalgenomecontainsinformationthathelpsdetermineourlifespanandaffectsourchancesofcontractingcertaindiseases.Asaresult,geneticists2._______________(try)toidentifywhichgenesrelatetowhichdiseases,astheybelievegenomeeditingis3._______effectivemeansofdiseasetreatmentandprevention.Inthenearfuture,itwillserveasanewweaponinthefightagainst4._________(disease),leadingtoafundamentalchangeinourapproachtohealthcare.However,5.____________thetechnologycontinuingtodevelopatafastpace,questionsariseabouthowtouseit6._____________(appropriate).AshavebeentryinganappropriatelydiseaseswithGenomeeditingalsobringsussomemoralproblems.Therefore,manypeoplehaveallstartedtowrestlewithsuchissues.Wehavetofindouthow7._________(keep)thetechnologyfromrunningwild.Thismeans8._______(put)appropriatecontrolsinplacetomakesurethatgenomeeditingwillworktoouradvantage.Ifwedidn'thavethem,genomeeditingcouldbeasdangerousasacaroutofcontrol.Inaword,there9._______(be)stillmuchtobeexploredanddebatedongenomeediting.Withoutdoubt,genomeeditingisoneofthe10.____________(great)innovationsinthehistoryofscience.tokeepputtingisgreatest單詞通關(guān)1.identify

vt.找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；確認，認出；顯示，說明身份教材原句：Geneticistshavebeentryingtoidentifywhichgenesrelatetowhichdiseases,astheybelievegenomeeditingisaneffectivemeansofdiseasetreatmentandprevention.(P30)遺傳學家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān)，因為他們認為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。identify…as…認出/顯示……是……identifywithsb.與某人產(chǎn)生共鳴；同情某人identity

n.身份；特性；一致identitycard[C]身份證identification

n.確認；身份證明；鑒定，辨認identical

adj.完全同樣的

beidenticalto/with…與……完全一樣?

單句語法填空①Hisaccentidentifiedhim__________aFrenchman.②Infact,twins,whoare__________(identify)toeachotherinappearance,cansometimesprefertousedifferenthands.③Forlackofsimilarexperiences,moststudentsfindithardtoidentify________thecharactersinthefilm.④Youmustcollectthemailinpersonandtakealongsomeformof___________(identify).asidenticalwithidentification2.relate

vi.&vt.聯(lián)系，使有聯(lián)系；敘述，講述relateto涉及，與……相關(guān)relate…to…把……和……聯(lián)系起來related

adj.有聯(lián)系的，相關(guān)的；有親屬關(guān)系的berelatedto…與……有關(guān)；與……有親屬關(guān)系relative

adj.相對的；相比較而言的n.親屬relation

n.聯(lián)系；親屬inrelationto關(guān)于，涉及；相對……而言relationship

n.關(guān)系，聯(lián)系?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelated______pollinator(傳粉昆蟲)habitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(2023·全國新課標Ⅰ卷·浙江)②Themoneyhe'dbeenorderedtopaywasminimal________relationtohissalary.③Youputorganismsinnew_______________(relation)andobservewhat'shappening.(2023·全國新課標Ⅰ卷)④明晚要舉行的聚會與中國傳統(tǒng)習俗有關(guān)。Thepartytobeheldtomorrowevening_________________________________.(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信)toinrelationships

isrelatedtotraditionalChinesecustoms3.means

n.(pl.means)方法，方式；財富，錢財bymeansof借助，依靠bynomeans絕不(用于句首，句子倒裝)byallmeans一定，務(wù)必；盡一切辦法；當然bythismeans用這種方法byanymeans無論如何tryeverymeanstodosth.想方設(shè)法做某事themeansofdoingsth.做某事的方法?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Whateverthereasonsbehindthesespeciesenteringourcities,onethingisforsure—asit'soften________meansoftheirsurvival,theycouldbewithustostay.②Everypossiblemeans____________(try)sofar.③Ifyouenjoyreading,then______________(盡一切辦法)dothatwheneveryouwant.④Thisisacoursetaught____________(借助)lecturesandseminars.a

hasbeentried

byallmeans

bymeansof

?一句多譯⑤沒有Paul的好心幫忙，Mac絕不會赤手空拳把狼嚇跑。_______________________________________withbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.＝________________________________________withbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.(用倒裝句)Maccouldbynomeansscarethewolfoff/awayBynomeanscouldMacscarethewolfoff/away4.restrict

vt.限制，限定；束縛，妨礙；約束，管束教材原句：Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnologytothetreatmentandpreventionofdiseases?(P31)我們應(yīng)該把這項技術(shù)的使用限制在治療和預(yù)防疾病上嗎?restrict…to把……限制/限定在……(數(shù)量、范圍等)內(nèi)restrictsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.約束某人/自己(做)某事restricted

adj.(大小或數(shù)量)有限的，很小的；(指能做的事)有限的，受限制的restriction

n.限制；約束；制約因素；限制規(guī)定?

單句語法填空①Theswimmingclubisopentofamiliesintheneighborhoodwithout__________(restrict).②Theaccidentleftherwith____________(restrict)movementinherrightleg.③There'snoreasontorestrictyourselftojust___________(play)onafull-sizedcomputerwhenyouwanttosurfonlinegames.restrictionrestrictedplaying5.prohibit

vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能教材原句：Shouldweprohibitgeneticistsfromusingittoenhancehealthybodies?(P31)我們是否應(yīng)該禁止遺傳學家使用它(基因組編輯技術(shù))來使健康的身體更加強健?prohibit(sb.from/sb.'s)doingsth.禁止(某人)做某事prohibition

n.(尤指通過法律的)禁止；禁令aprohibitionagainst/on…一項對……的禁令?

單句語法填空①Thephoneandcomputerandwhateverotherpiecesoftechyou'readdictedtoshould____________(prohibit).②Whatarechildrenprohibited____________doingattheMuseum?(2022·全國新高考Ⅱ卷)③Theenvironmentalgroupisdemandingacomplete____________(prohibit)againstthehuntingofwhales.beprohibitedfromprohibition

?

改寫句子④Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibitpeople'susingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.＝Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibit_______________mobilephonesinsomeplaces.＝Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessaryto_____________mobilephonesinsomeplaces.peoplefromusingprohibitusing6.equipvt.配備；使有能力教材原句：Belowisapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.(P34)下面是一位配備有機械手的女孩的自述。equipsb./oneself/sth.with(for…)(為了……)使某人/某人自己/某物配備……be(fully/poorly)equippedwith…(齊全/簡陋地)裝備/配備……equipsb.forsth.使某人能夠勝任某事equipsb.todosth.使某人能夠做某事equipment

n.設(shè)備；配備，裝備

apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備?

單句語法填空①Operationofthis__________(equip)requiresspecialtraining.②Thoseroomsareequipped_________modernelectronicfacilities,allofwhicharelinkedtotheInternet.③Withoutabasiceducation,theyoungentrepreneursaren'tequipped_________(manage)thebusinessestheycreate.④Toachievedesiredoutcome,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequip__________(they)withaccurateworldknowledge.(2022·天津卷)⑤Theseareskillswhichequipthem_________realsituationstheymightfaceintheirlives.equipmentwithtomanage

themselvesfor7.adjust

vt.&vi.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)，習慣；整理教材原句：Theschoolhasadjustedallthelightstomakesuretheclassroomsarewelllit.(P37)學校調(diào)整了所有的燈以確保教室燈光明亮。adjust…to…根據(jù)……調(diào)整adjust(oneself)to(doing)(使自己)適應(yīng)(做)……adjustment

n.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)makeanadjustmentto對……作出調(diào)整?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Jeanwasworriedaboutherchildren's_________(adjust)tothisnewsituation.②Ittookafewsecondsforhereyestoadjust________thedarkness.③Ittookafewweeksforhertoadjustto__________(live)inthecity.④得知你在適應(yīng)新的學校生活方面有些困難，我寫信給你一些建議，希望能對你有幫助。Knowingthat_____________________________________________________________,I'mwritingtogiveyousometips,whichIhopewillbeofhelptoyou.(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)adjustmenttolivingyouhavesomedifficultyinadjustingyourselftothenewschoollife8.evidencen.證據(jù)，證明；物證，人證vt.證明，表明教材原句：ThereisevidencethatacupuncturedatesbacktotheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody.(P39)有證據(jù)表明針刺療法可追溯到石器時代，當時一種叫做“砭”的石器被用來按壓身體部位。thereisevidencethat…有……的跡象/證據(jù)(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)thereisevidencetodo…有證據(jù)做……evidenceof/forsth.……的證據(jù)evident

adj.清楚的，顯然的itisevidentthat…顯然……?

單句語法填空①Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwasinterpretedas__________(evident)thatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.(2022·全國乙卷)②Onaverage,positivepeoplehavestrongerimmunity,andthereisevidence__________theylivelonger.③Anotherevidence__________badluckwasthatHarryhadhiscellphonestolen.evidencethatof/for詞塊積累1.withoutdoubt

毫無疑問，的確(＝beyonddoubt)教材原句：

Withoutdoubt,genomeeditingisoneofthegreatestinventionsinthehistoryofscience.(P31)毫無疑問，基因組編輯是科學史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。nodoubt無疑，很可能(常在句中作狀語)thereisnodoubtthat…毫無疑問……thereissomedoubtabout/whether…對……有些懷疑sb.doesn'tdoubtthat…某人確信……sb.doubtswhether/if…某人懷疑是否……?

完成句子①_______________________(毫無疑問),culturalrelicsarevaluablewealthofhumanbeings,but_________________(我懷疑是否)itisnecessarytorebuildthem.②___________________(我確信)afriendlyandharmoniousenvironmentisofgreatimportancetousall.③Suchwrinkleswill___________(毫無疑問)beironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.(2023·全國新課標Ⅰ卷·浙江)Without/BeyonddoubtIdoubtwhether/ifIdon'tdoubtthat

nodoubt2.datebackto追溯到，始于，自……至今[＝datefrom(無被動語態(tài))]教材原句：ThereisevidencethatacupuncturedatesbacktotheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody.(P39)有證據(jù)表明針刺療法可追溯到石器時代，當時一種叫做“砭”的石器被用來按壓身體部位。outofdate過時的uptodate最新式的，現(xiàn)代的makeadatewith與……約會?

完成句子①Chinesedumplings_________(追溯到)theSouthernandNorthernDynasties.②Heisalwaysmeticulous(細心的)inkeepingtherecords_________(最新的).③Theprintedbookisnottotally__________(過時的).(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)datebacktouptodateoutofdate句式點撥1.

“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句：Wehavetofigureouthowtokeepthetechnologyfromrunningwild.(P31)我們必須想辦法防止技術(shù)失控。疑問代詞(who、what、which等)、疑問副詞(when、where、how等)及whether后跟不定式，構(gòu)成“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，可以在句中作主語、賓語(一般用在tell、understand、explain、advise、discuss等后面)、表語、同位語等。?

完成句子①______________________________(何時何地開會)remainstobediscussedfurther.②Herearesomesuggestionson______________(從哪里開始)yourBangkokeatingadventure.(2023·全國甲卷)③Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I'moftenaskedbycuriousfollowers______________(怎樣開始)anartjourney.(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)④Thequestion__________________(是否要幫助他)troubledthegirl.Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingwheretostarthowtobeginwhethertohelphim2.without的虛擬語氣教材原句：Withoutthem,genomeeditingcouldbeasdangerousasacaroutofcontrol.(P31)如果沒有它們(適當?shù)目刂拼胧?的話，基因組編輯可能會像一輛失控的汽車一樣危險。?當without表示“如果沒有”，談?wù)摰氖且环N與事實相反的假設(shè)時，句子要用虛擬語氣，此時without與butfor的用法相同。?如果without談?wù)摰闹皇且环N普通的假設(shè)，并不強調(diào)與既定事實相反，則句子不用虛擬語氣。?without部分相當于一個條件狀語從句，句子的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體語境確定，一般遵循虛擬語氣的時態(tài)規(guī)則。?

完成句子/改寫句子①_____________________(沒有了教育)Iwasthrowingaway,I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.(2023·北京卷)②Withoutyourhelpandguidance,Ishouldhavefailed.＝________________________yourhelpandguidance,Ishouldhavefailed.＝________________________yourhelpandguidance,Ishouldhavefailed.WithouttheeducationButforIfitweren'tnotfor素養(yǎng)挑戰(zhàn)Ⅰ.七選五About8%to9%ofschool-agechildrenintheUSAarehomeschooledaccordingtoresearch.__1__Manyparentschoosetohomeschoolalsoduetodissatisfactionwiththeeducationalqualityoflocalschools.However,manyparentsconsideringhomeschoolingmaybeespeciallyconcernedabouthowhomeschoolingmightaffecttheirchild'sacademicprogressandsocialdevelopment.Doestheresearchfindanydifferencesbetweenhomeschooledchildrenandchildreninconventionalschools?Homeschooledstudentstendtoscorehigherontestsofacademicskillswhencomparedtochildreninpublicschoolsacrossmoststudies.__2__Thereasonisthattheydon'tconsiderimportantfamilydemographicfactors(人口因素)orcompareself-selectedhomeschoolingfamilies'testscorestonationalaverages.__3__Somestudieshavefoundnodifferenceinsocialskillsbetweenchildreninhomeschoolenvironmentsandconventionalschools.Somestudieshavefoundthathomeschooledchildrenscorehigheronmeasuresofsocialability,andsomehavefoundthathomeschooledchildrenscoreloweronoverallsocialskills.MoststudiesfindthathomeschooledchildrentendtohavehighercollegeGPAsthanchildrenfromconventionalschools.Inaddition,moststudieshavefoundnodifferencebetweenhomeschooledandconventionalstudentsincollegegraduationrates.However,mosthomeschooledstudentsdon'tattendcompetitivefour-yearcollegesandonestudyhasfoundthathomeschooledstudentsmayhavelowermathGPAsincollegethanchildrenfromconventionalschools.__4__It'simportanttonotethatthisresearchisdifficulttointerpretbecausefamiliesthatchoosetohomeschoolaredifferentfromfamilieswhodon'tinmanyotherways.__5__Forexample,wecannotconcludethathomeschoolingwillimproveyourchild'stestscoressincehomeschooledchildrenmayhavemoreeducatedmothersanditmaybethemothers'educationallevelsthatdrivethehighertestscores,nothomeschoolingitself.A.Thefindingsonsocialskillsseemtobemoremixed.B.Andsomefactorslikelycontributetotheresultsaswell.C.However,it'sdifficulttodrawanyconclusionfromthem.D.Theymayhaveparentswithhigherincomeoreducationallevels.E.Asaresult,theymaybemorelikelytoworkinalower-paidjob.F.Themostcommonreasonisconcernaboutthelocalschoolenvironment.G.Homeschooledchildrenusuallystudyunderastructuredhomeschoolprogram.答案及解析：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究，關(guān)于在家上學的孩子和在傳統(tǒng)學校上學的孩子有什么不同。1.F下文“Manyparentschoosetohomeschoolalsoduetodissatisfactionwiththeeducationalqualityoflocalschools.(許多家長選擇在家上學也是因為對當?shù)貙W校的教育質(zhì)量不滿意。)”提到了選擇在家上學的另外一個原因，選項F中reason是關(guān)鍵詞與下文呼應(yīng)，所以F選項“最常見的原因是擔心當?shù)氐膶W校環(huán)境?！蹦茔暯酉挛?，符合語境。故選F。2.C上文“Homeschooledstudentstendtoscorehigherontestsofacademicskillswhencomparedtochildreninpublicschoolsacrossmoststudies.(在大多數(shù)研究中，與公立學校的學生相比，在家上學的學生往往在學術(shù)技能測試中得分更高。)”提到了在家上學的學生的優(yōu)勢，下文“Thereasonisthattheydon'tconsiderimportantfamilydemographicfactors(人口因素)orcompareself-selectedhomeschoolingfamilies'testscorestonationalaverages.(原因是他們沒有考慮重要的家庭人口因素，也沒有將自主選擇在家上學的家庭的考試成績與全國平均水平進行比較。)”提到了沒有考慮到的因素，選項C中However是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系且引起下文，所以C選項“然而，很難從中得出任何結(jié)論?！狈险Z境。故選C。3.A下文“Somestudieshavefoundnodifferenceinsocialskillsbetweenchildreninhomeschoolenvironmentsandconventionalschools.Somestudieshavefoundthathomeschooledchildrenscorehigheronmeasuresofsocialability,andsomehavefoundthathomeschooledchildrenscoreloweronoverallsocialskills.(一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在家上學的孩子和傳統(tǒng)學校的孩子在社交技能方面沒有區(qū)別。一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在家上學的孩子在社交能力方面得分更高，而另一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在家上學的孩子在整體社交技能方面得分更低。)”提到了社交技能方面的比較，選項A中socialskills是關(guān)鍵詞，能引起下文內(nèi)容，所以A選項“關(guān)于社交技能的研究結(jié)果似乎更加復(fù)雜?！蹦芨爬ㄏ挛膬?nèi)容，是本段的主題句。故選A。4.E上文“However,mosthomeschooledstudentsdon'tattendcompetitivefour-yearcollegesandonestudyhasfoundthathomeschooledstudentsmayhavelowermathGPAsincollegethanchildrenfromconventionalschools.(然而，大多數(shù)在家上學的學生并沒有進入競爭激烈的四年制大學，一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在家上學的學生在大學里的數(shù)學平均成績可能比傳統(tǒng)學校的學生要低。)”提到了在家上學的學生的劣勢，所以E選項“因此，他們可能更有可能從事低薪工作。”能承接上文，其中解題點they指代的是前句提到的傳統(tǒng)學校的學生。故選E。5.B上文“It'simportanttonotethatthisresearchisdifficulttointerpretbecausefamiliesthatchoosetohomeschoolaredifferen