題型組合練(八)(對應學生用書第183頁)Ⅰ.閱讀理解——文化教育(江蘇省名校高三入學摸底卷(題型卷))SarahLynnthemselves.Shelconsultantandteacher，thinksEnglishlearnerscanimprovetheirabilitytorememberandusenewwordsbytestingthemselves.Sheaddsthatself-testingimprovesretrieval(數(shù)據(jù)檢索)—theabilitytouseandremembernewwords.Ifyouarelikemostlearners，youmayhavefacedsuchasituation:topic.Yetyouunderstandatopic.Yetwhenaskedtousewhatyouhavelearnedinformation.Notletoremembertheinformation.Notbeingabletoretrievenewideascouldhappenonatestoreveninaconversation.effort.ItLynn.Oneeffort.Ittakeseffortbecausethelearningprocesschangesthebrain，saysSarahLynn.Onewayitchangesthebrainisbycreatingconnections，whicharecalleddendrites(樹突)．Lynnsuggeststhatdendriteconnectionsareimportantforretrieval.Therearethreemainideasabouthowtogrowdendritesandimproveretrieval,makingconnections，usingrepetitionandtestingyourself.Lynnisnottheonlyexpertwhoremendsself-testing.ApaperinJournalofAppliedResearchinMemoryandCognitionsaysonebenefitoftestingpracticeisthatitimprovesretrieval.Retrievinginformationoncemakesretrievingthatinformationeasierinthefuture.Inaddition，thepapersays，whenstudenttestthemselvesaspartofstudying，theylearnwhattheydonotknow.Whenstudentsknowwhattheydonotunderstand，theycanpayattentiontooveringtheirweaknesses.Lynnremendsthatlearnerstestthemselvesbygettingawayfromwhattheyarestudying.Then，theyshouldtestthemselvesbythinkingaboutwhattheyhavelearned.Sheremendsthatlearnersmakethemselveswriteorspeaksomething.Lynnsuggestsreadingsomethingorwatchingavideoonthetopic，thengettingridofthereadingoraudiomaterialandsummarizingit.Thiswillallowlearnerstotestwhattheyknow.Thebenefitsofsuchpractice，Lynnsays，arenotjustaboutimprovingyourabilitytorememberinformation.Bytestingyourself，youcanbuildconfidenceintheskillsyouhavedeveloped.Whenyoutestyourself，Lynnsays，youwillseehowmuchprogressyouhavemade.Thisprogresswillsatisfyandencourageyoutodomoreinthefuture.NexttimeyouarestudyingEnglish，trytotestyourself.Asimplewaytotestvocabularyistocreateflashcardswithcluesononesideandtheanswerontheback.Anotherwayistouseonlineservicestocreatedigitalflashcards，throughwhichlearnerscandoavarietyofactivitiesbasedononesetofnewwordsorinformation.Youcanmatchwordswithmeanings，writeawordafterlookingatapicture，orlistentoawordandwriteit.Youcanalsoplaygameswiththenewwordsandmeanings.Anotherwayistoaskyourselfquestionsattheendoftheday，attheendofastudysession，oratothertimes.Lynnremendsthatlearnersaskthemselvesquestionssuchas，“WhatdidIlearntoday?WhatwerethosewordsthatIthoughtwereinteresting?WhatwasthatverbtenseIlearned?Howdoesitwork？”Theimportantpointisthis：Effective_learning_takes_time，effort_and_practice．Donotjustassumethatyoucanreadsomethingonceortwiceandfullyunderstandit.Evenifyouhighlightimportantpointsortakenotesinaclass，youprobablydonotfullyunderstandwhatyoulearned.Afterall，Olympicathletescannotlearnhowtoswimorrunjustfromreadingabook.Theyhavetopracticeswimmingorrunningeverydayforyears.Theyoftenpeteinracestotesttheirskills.Likethoseathletes，successfullanguagelearnerspracticeasmuchastheycan，andtestthemselvestoimprovetheirskills.Self-testingisonewaytoimproveyourretrievalandinformyourfuturecourseofstudy.Giveitatry，andletusknowhowitworksforyou.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了SarahLynn提出的自我測試可以提高英語學習者記憶和使用新單詞的能力的觀點。1．AccordingtoSarahLynn，what'sthemonsituationfacedbyEnglishlearners?A．Theyarealwaysforgettingwhattheyhavejustlearneddespitetheireffort.B．Theyhavetoimprovetheirabilitybothonatestandinaconversation.C．Theydon'tlearnsomethingaswellastheythoughttheydid.D．Theydon'tmasterwaystoimprovetheirskillsonatest.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifyouarelikemostlearners，youmayhavefacedsuchasituation:Youthinkyouunderstandatopic.Yetwhenaskedtousewhatyouhavelearned，youarenotabletoremembertheinformation...”可知，SarahLynn認為英語學習者普遍存在的一個問題是他們掌握的知識并沒有自己想象中的那么好。故C項正確。]2．What'sonebenefitofself-testing?A．Developpeople'sinterestintheirstudy.B．Improvepeople'spsychologicalquality.C．Focuspeople'sattentionontheirstudy.D．Helppeoplethinkmorecritically.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Bytestingyourself，youcanbuildconfidenceintheskillsyouhavedeveloped.”可知，你可以通過自我檢測建立自信心，即自我檢測可以提高一個人的心理素質(zhì)。]3．WhichistheadvicegivenbySarahLynnabouttestingoneself?A．Presentwhat'slearnedwiththebookclosed.B．Rememberwhat'slearnedbyrepetitivereciting.C．Questionyourteachersonwhatyoudoubtbravely.D．Challengeyourselftomakeplicatedflashcards.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Lynnremendsthatlearnerstestthemselvesbygettingawayfromwhattheyarestudying.”和“Lynnsuggestsreadingsomethingorwatchingavideoonthetopic，thengettingridofthereadingoraudiomaterialandsummarizingit.”可知，Lynn建議人們脫離閱讀材料或音頻材料進行自我檢測，故A項正確。]4．Whichsayingcontradictstheideaoftheunderlinedsentence?A．Nopains，nogains.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Eachcoinhastwosides.D．Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.C[細節(jié)理解題。解答該題的關(guān)鍵是理解畫線句中的關(guān)鍵詞“time”“effort”“practice”。A項“不勞則無獲”體現(xiàn)了努力(effort)的重要性；B項“熟能生巧”體現(xiàn)了練習(practice)的重要性；D項“羅馬不是一天建成的”體現(xiàn)了時間(time)的重要性。而只有C項“任何事物都有兩面性”在句中未得到體現(xiàn)。]5．WhyareOlympicathletesmentionedinthepassage?A．ToshowhowtobesuccessfulOlympicathletes.B．TomakepeoplemoreconfidentoflearningEnglish.C．TointroduceSarahLynn'sinterestintheOlympicGames.D．TostressthesignificanceofpracticeinEnglishlearning.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Theyhavetopracticeswimmingorrunningeverydayforyears.”和“Likethoseathletes，successfullanguagelearnerspracticeasmuchastheycan，andtestthemselvestoimprovetheirskills.”可知，作者提及奧運選手是為了說明英語學習也需要練習，即強調(diào)在英語學習中練習的重要性，故D項正確。]6．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．LearningactuallytakeseffortmostB．ImprovingyourEnglishbytestingyourselfC．TryingyourbesttomemorizemorenewwordsD．CreatingconnectionsworksbestinEnglishlearningB[主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中本文的主旨句“Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirabilitytorememberandusenewwordsbytestingthemselves”可知，本文主要講的是英語學習者可以通過自我檢測來提高掌握單詞的能力，故B項做文章標題最佳。]【導學號：】Ⅱ.任務型閱讀(2017·鹽城市高三三模)Weallknowwhatmakesforgoodcharacterinsoldiers.We'veseenthemoviesaboutheroeswhodisplaycourage，loyaltyandcoolnessunderfire.Butwhataboutsomebodywhositsinfrontofakeyboardallday?Isitpossibletodisplayandcultivatecharacterifyouarejustaninformationageofficeclerk，alonewithamemooryourputer?Ofcourseitis.Evenifyouarealoneinyouroffice，youarethinking.Thinkingwellunderaneraofinformationmaybeadifferentsortofmoralchallengethanfightingwellunderahailofbullets，butit'sacharacterchallengenonetheless.Intheirbook，IntellectualVirtues，RobertC．RobertsofBaylorUniversityandW．JayWoodofWheatonCollegelistsomeoftheIntellectualvirtues.Wecanallgradeourselvesonhowgoodweareateachofthem.First，thereiscourage.Theobviousformofintellectualcourageisthewillingnesstoholdunpopularviews.Buttheslighterformisknowinghowmuchrisktotakeinjumpingtoconclusions.Theimpulsivethinkertakesafewpiecesofinformationandleapstosomefarawaytheory.Theperfectionist，ontheotherhand，isunwillingtoputanythingoutthereexceptunderidealconditionsforfearthathecouldbewrong.Intellectualcourageisselfregulation，RobertsandWoodargue，knowingwhentobedaringandwhentobecautious.ThephilosopherThomasKuhnpointedoutthatscientistsoftensimplyignorefactsthatdon'tfitwiththeirexistingparadigms(范式)，butanintellectuallycourageouspersoniswillingtolookatthingsthataresurprisinglyhardtolookat.Second，thereisfirmness.Youdon'twanttobeapersonwhoabandonshisbeliefsattheslightestsignofopposition.Ontheotherhand，youdon'twanttoholdrigidlytoabeliefagainstallevidence.Themedianpointbetweenflaccidity(軟弱)andrigidityisthevirtueoffirmness.Thefirmbelievercanbuildasteadyworldviewonsolidmaterialsbutstilldelightinnewinformation.Hecangracefullyadjustthestrengthofhisbelieftothestrengthoftheevidence.Firmnessisaqualityofmentalalertness.Third，thereismodesty，whichisnotlettingyourowndesireforstatusgetinthewayofaccuracy.Themodestpersonfightsagainstprideandself-importance.He'snotwritingthosesentencespeoplewritetomakethemselvesseemsmart；he'snotthinkingofhimselfmuchatall.Themodestresearcherdoesn'tbeearroganttowardhissubject，assuminghehasmasteredit.Suchapersonisdelightedtolearnfromanyoneatanystageinlife.Fourth，thereisautonomy.Youdon'twanttobeapersonwhoblindlyadoptswhateveropinionyourteacherorsomeauthorgivesyou.Ontheotherhand，youdon'twanttorejectallguidancefrompeoplewhoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.Autonomyisthemedianofknowingwhentobowtoauthorityandwhennotto，whentofollowarolemodelandwhennotto，whentosticktotraditionandwhennotto.Finally，thereisgenerosity.Thisvirtuestartswiththewillingnesstoshareknowledgeandgiveotherscredit.Butitalsomeanshearingothersastheywouldliketobeheard，lookingforwhateachpersonhastoteachandnotlookingtojumponothersfortheirerrors.Montaigneoncewrotethat“Wecanbeknowledgeablewithothermen'sknowledge，butwecan'tbewisewithothermen'swisdom.”That'sbecausewisdomisn'tabodyofinformation.It'sthemoralqualityofknowinghowtohandleyourownlimitations.Charactertestsareexistingeverywhereeveninmoderneverydaylife.It'spossibletobeheroicifyou'rejustsittingaloneinyouroffice.Itjustdoesn'tmakeforagoodmovie.IntellectualVirtuesPassageoutlineSupportingdetailsIntroduction7.________youarenotaheroatwarandliveinpeace，youstillhavechancestodisplayintellectualvirtues.Intellectualvirtues8.________bytheexperts●Apersonwithintellectualcourageiswillingtosticktotheviewsnotwell9.________.●Youshould10.________flaccidityandrigiditytopossessthevirtueoffirmness.●Inadditiontotheestablishedsteadyworldview，youshouldbe11.________tonewideasandadjustyourbeliefflexibly.●Ratherthanbeingproudandself-important，modestpeopleare12.________onlearningfromotherswheneverpossible.●Autonomymeansyouhavetheabilitytomakeyourowndecisionsaboutwhattodoinsteadofbeing13.________bysomeoneelseortoldwhattodo.●Agenerouspersontendstoshareknowledgeandapplaudothersin14.________oftheirachievements.●Youshouldbeagoodlistenerandlearnerinsteadoffinding15.________withothers.SummaryOnlywhenweknowhowto16.________withourlimitationscanwebewise.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。同智識上的美德相關(guān)。7．Though/Although/While[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Evenifyouarealoneinyouroffice，youarethinking...butit'sacharacterchallengenonetheless.”可知盡管你不是一個戰(zhàn)爭英雄且身處和平年代，你仍然有機會展示你智識上的美德。]8．listed[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Intheirbook...listsomeoftheIntellectualvirtues.”及右欄的內(nèi)容可知，此處指專家們列出的一些智識上的美德。故填listed。]9．received/accepted[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的“First，thereiscourage.Theobviousformofintellectualcourageisthewillingnesstoholdunpopularviews.”可知，知識上的勇氣有一種明顯的表現(xiàn)形式，即樂于持有不受歡迎的觀點。]10．balance[信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Second，thereisfirmness.Youdon'twant...Themedianpointbetweenflaccidity(軟弱)andrigidityisthevirtueoffirmness.”可知，堅定這一智識上的美德就存在于軟弱和固執(zhí)的中間點上。由此可推知：你應該平衡軟弱和固執(zhí)來擁有這種堅定的美德。]11．open[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段的第五句“Thefirmbelievercanbuildasteadyworldviewonsolidmaterialsbutstilldelightinnewinformation.”可知，堅定地持有某些觀念的人，可以用可靠的素材搭建起穩(wěn)固的世界觀，但仍然樂于接觸新信息。beopento“愿意接受”。]12．keen/bent[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Suchapersonisdelightedtolearnfromanyoneatanystageinlife.”可知，無論處于人生的哪個階段，這樣的人都愿意向他人學習。bekeenondoingsth.“熱衷于做某事”；bebentondoingsth.“一心想做某事”。]13．influenced[信息歸納題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，自主意味著人們有能力就自己要做的事情作決定而不受其他人的影響或者按照他們說的去做。]14．recognition[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Thisvirtuestartswiththewillingnesstoshareknowledgeandgiveotherscredit.”可知，慷慨大方的人往往愿意分享知識，認識到別人取得的成績并能給予表揚。]15．fault[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段的最后一句“Butitalsomeanshearingothersastheywouldliketobeheard，lookingforwhateachpersonhastoteachandnotlookingtojumponothersfortheirerrors.”可知，慷慨也意味著在別人希望自己被傾聽時予以傾聽，尋找每個人能為人師表之處，不因他人的過錯而批評他們。findfaultwithsb.“找某人的毛病，批評某人”。]16．deal/cope[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第三句“It'sthemoralqualityofknowinghowtohandleyourownlimitations.”中的handle的提示可知，這里應填deal/cope。dealwithsth./copewithsth.“處理某事”。]Ⅲ.書面表達(2017·南通市高三三模)請閱讀下面短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。PresidentXiJinpingstatedthatChinesetouristsshouldbebetterbehavedwhentravellingabroad.“Ourcitizensshouldbeeducatedtobehaveinacivilizedwaywhentravellingabroad.Donotthrowwaterbottleseverywhere.Donotdamagecoralreefs.Eatmoreseafoodandlessinstantnoodles.Spendmoretohelplocaleconomiesgrow，”saidXiJinping.Chinesetourismabroadhasgrownrapidly.Itisreportedthat100millioncitizenstravelledabroadlastyear，andthatnumberisexpectedtodoubleby2020asindividualwealthgrowsalongwiththeeconomy.Yettheawarenessofpropermannershasnotgrownasfastasthenumberoftourists.SomeChinesetouristshavebeenheavilycriticizedinrecentyearsformisbehavingwhiletravellingabroadforreasonssuchasbeingnoisy，jumpingqueuesanddamagingculturalrelics.Recently，incidentslikeChinesetouristsdrawinggraffiti(涂鴉)inanancientEgyptiantemplehaveseverelydamagedtheimageofChineseholidaymakers.Inresponse，theChinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstoeducateChinesetouristsonappropriatebehaviourwhentravellingbothabroadandwithinChina.[寫作內(nèi)容]1．用約30個單詞寫出上文概要；2．用約120個單詞闡述你對文明出游的看法，并用2～3個理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。[寫作要求]1．寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱；3．不必寫標題。[評分標準]內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________