Unit3Celebrations一、詞匯清單單詞1.stickyadj.黏性的，黏的2.adultn.成人，成年人3.immediatelyadv.即刻，馬上4.accountn.描述，報(bào)道5.hostn.主人；東道主；主持人6.sweepvt.掃；打掃7.charactern.字，字體；人物，角色8.winen.葡萄酒9.throughoutprep.在整個(gè)期間，自始至終10.customn.風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣；傳統(tǒng)11.weddingn.婚禮12.beern.啤酒13.teenagern.青少年，十幾歲的孩子14.studion.錄音室15.neatadj.整潔的16.suitn.套裝17.puddingn.布丁;甜食,甜點(diǎn)心18.effortn.努力；力氣19.somehowadv.不知怎的；不知為什么20.polen.地極,北/南極21.envelopen.信封22.lapn.大腿部23.even.前夕；前一天24.branchn.樹枝25.platen.盤;碟26.whispervi.&vt.低聲說，低語27.wavevi.&vt.揮手；招手28.affairn.事件29.eventn.事件；活動(dòng)30.downstairsadv.往樓下，在樓下31.nowhereadv.什么地方都不32.calmvi.&vt.（使）平靜，（使）鎮(zhèn)定adj.冷靜的，沉著的33.uniformn.制服34.tearn.眼淚,淚水短語1.atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)2.putup張貼3.letoff使某物爆炸4.fromtoptobottom上上下下，完全5.sweepaway掃除；清除6.upsidedown倒置地，顛倒地7.lightup照亮8.scaresb./sth.sb./sth.away把……嚇跑9.asfaras就……而言10.ingeneral普遍地；一般來說11.makeaneffort盡力12.movein搬來（和某人）一起居住13.overandover（again）再三地，重復(fù)地14.catchsb.'seye吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意15.passaway去世16.nolonger不再etomind涌入腦海18.calmdown冷靜下來熟詞生義lap,branch,flight,stuff,sweep,character句型1.ItisbelievedthatwhenFuisputupsidedown，happinessarrives.（It+be+過去分詞+that...）人們相信“?！弊值怪N時(shí)，幸福就會(huì)到來。2.Everyyear,themomentIgetonthetrain,IamsurroundedbyShanxiaccents—IknowthatIamheadinghometomyfamily.（themoment引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句）每年，一坐上火車，我就會(huì)被山西方言包圍——我知道我踏上回家的路了。3.AndcouldyougiveussomeadviceaboutwhattodoatpartiesintheUK?（特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式）你能給我們一些關(guān)于在英國的派對上做什么的建議嗎？4.WhenIthinkaboutwhatmakesChristmassomagical,it'snotjustgiftsandFatherChristmasthatetomind.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）當(dāng)我思考是什么讓圣誕節(jié)如此神奇時(shí)，我想到的不僅僅是禮物和圣誕老人。5.FirstIgotdressedquickly.（get+過去分詞）首先我迅速穿好衣服。語法被動(dòng)語態(tài)二、知識點(diǎn)精講知識點(diǎn)1occasionn.重要的社交活動(dòng)；時(shí)刻，時(shí)候；時(shí)機(jī)；機(jī)會(huì)；盛會(huì)；場合【拓展】（1）onoccasion 有時(shí)；偶爾；間或onthis/thatoccasion 在這/那種場合ontheoccasionof... 在……之際onnooccasion 絕不（2）occasionaladj. 偶爾的；偶然的occasionallyadv. 偶爾；偶然【寫作佳句】Onnooccasionareyouallowedtouseyourphoneduringtheexam;anyviolationwillresultinimmediatedisciplinaryaction.［應(yīng)用文寫作之通知］在考試期間，你絕不可以使用手機(jī)；任何違規(guī)行為都將導(dǎo)致立即受到紀(jì)律處分?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/詞匯、句式升級①TheMidAutumnFestivalisaspecialoccasion_

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allfamiliesgettogether，admiringthemoonandenjoyingmooncakes.[答案]when②It'shelpfultoputchildreninanoccasion_

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theycanseethemselvesdifferently.[答案]where③Everyonecanlosehis/hertemperoccasionally，butyoushouldonnooccasionsaysuchmeanwordstoher._

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（倒裝句）［名師點(diǎn)津］occasion作先行詞表示時(shí)間時(shí)，常用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，意為“時(shí)刻、機(jī)會(huì)”；occasion作先行詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，意為“場合”。[答案]Everyonecanlosehis/hertemperonoccasion，butonnooccasionshouldyousaysuchmeanwordstoher.知識點(diǎn)2stickyadj.黏性的，黏的【拓展】stickv. 粘貼;刺n.枝條;棍狀物stickto 堅(jiān)持，信守stickout 伸出，探出；醒目，顯眼stickupfor支持；維護(hù)be/getstuckin... 陷入……；困在……中【寫作佳句】Thoughstuckintheproblem,hewillsticktoinvestigatingthefact.盡管被這個(gè)問題難住了，但他仍將堅(jiān)持調(diào)查真相?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/句式升級①Whenthedoctorexaminedme,heaskedmetostick_

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mytongueandsay“AH”.[答案]out②Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytostick____healthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.[答案]to③Wewerestuckintrafficforoveranhour,sowefailedtocatchourflight.→_

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,wefailedtocatchourflight.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）[答案]Havingbeenstuckintrafficforoveranhour［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］表示“被困在……”的短語還有：（1）be/getcaughtin；（2）be/gettrappedin；（3）be/getlockedin；（4）be/getblockedin知識點(diǎn)3congratulationn.恭喜，祝賀【拓展】（1）express/offer/sendone'scongratulationstosb.（onsth.） （因某事）向某人致以祝賀aletterofcongratulation 一封祝賀信（2）congratulatevt. 向（某人）道賀；（因某事）為自己感到自豪congratulatesb.on（doing）sth. 因（做）某事向某人祝賀【寫作佳句】Afterreceivingthegoodnewsofherpromotion,Iimmediatelypennedaletterofcongratulationtoexpressmyheartfeltjoyandbestwishesforherfuturesuccess.收到她晉升的好消息后，我立即寫了一封祝賀信，表達(dá)我內(nèi)心的快樂和對她未來成功的最美好祝愿。【練練不忘】單句語法填空/同義替換①[2023·浙江卷1月]Weletoourprogram,MissJohnson._

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（congratulate）onwinningtheTeacheroftheYearAward.[答案]Congratulations②Thecoachcongratulatedtheplayer___theirexcellentperformanceinthegame.[答案]on③Shecongratulatedthegraduatesontheirachievement,remindingthemthatthisisonlythebeginningofanewandexcitingjourney.→She_

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thegraduatesontheirachievement,remindingthemthatthisisonlythebeginningofanewandexcitingjourney.[答案]expressed/offered/senthercongratulationsto［名師點(diǎn)津］congratulation意為“對某件事的祝賀”時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。知識點(diǎn)4accountv.認(rèn)為；說明；總計(jì)有n.賬目；說明；計(jì)算；理由；描述，報(bào)道【拓展】（1）accountfor 說明；做出解釋；占……（比例）onaccountof 由于，因?yàn)閛nnoaccount 決不（置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝）oaccount 把……考慮進(jìn)去takeaccountof 考慮到……（2）accountantn． 會(huì)計(jì)員；會(huì)計(jì)師【寫作佳句】I'mwritingtogiveyouafullaccountofmyunforgettableexperienceinavolunteerprogramme.我寫信的目的是向你詳細(xì)講述我在志愿者項(xiàng)目中難忘的經(jīng)歷。【練練不忘】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子/微寫作①（譯林選必四U2）Onlywhenyougiveseriousconsiderationtotheirpointsofviewwillyoubeabletoseewhataccounts_

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theiremotionsandempathizewiththem.[答案]for②Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthat_

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（他們決不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)）inhisclass.[答案]onnoaccountshouldtheyusemobilephones③[2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ滿分作文]總之，我真誠地希望你能考慮我上面所說的。Tosumup,it'smysincerehopethatyoucan_

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.［應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信］[答案]takewhatI'vestatedaboveintoaccount［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］意為“決不”的短語還有innocase、bynomeans、atnotime、innoway、undernocircumstances等。知識點(diǎn)5attachvt.貼；固定；附上；使附屬；使依戀；認(rèn)為有（重要性、意義、價(jià)值等）【拓展】（1）attachto 依附，附屬；加入；使依戀attach...to... 把……固定/附在……上attachgreatimportance/significanceto（doing）sth.認(rèn)為（做）某事有重要性/意義（2）attachedadj. 依戀的；附屬的beattachedto 喜歡，依戀；附屬于；附在……上（3）attachmentn. 附件；附屬物；依戀【寫作佳句】Hetookoutthehammock，attachedittothetreesandlayinitfortably，listeningtohisfavoritemusic.他拿出吊床，拴到樹上，愜意地躺在里面，聽著他最喜愛的音樂?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/微寫作①Withmoreimportanceattached____traditionalculturetheseyears，hanfuhasbeeincreasinglypopular.[答案]to②[2025·八省聯(lián)考]BeingaFriendiseasy.Simplypletethemembershipform,returnitwithyourannualmembershipfeeinthe_

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（attach）envelope,andbeginenjoyingyourbenefitsimmediately.[答案]attached③在學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的過程中，你再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀的重要性也不為過。You_

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duringthecourseoflearningaforeignlanguage.[答案]canneverattachtoomuchsignificancetoreading知識點(diǎn)6scarevt.嚇唬；使（某人）驚恐vi.受驚嚇【拓展】（1）scaresb.intodoingsth. 恐嚇某人做某事（2）scaredadj. 害怕的；對……感到驚慌或恐懼的bescaredtodosth. 害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb./（doing）sth.害怕某人/（做）某事bescaredtodeath 嚇得要死（3）scaryadj. 嚇人的；恐怖的【寫作佳句】Iwasscaredatthethoughtoflivingwithloadsofnewpeopleforthreemonths.一想到要和一群陌生人一起生活三個(gè)月，我就感到害怕。［讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫］【練練不忘】單句語法填空/微寫作①（外研必修二U6）Peoplehavealwaysbeenscaredsharks,butJawsmadethingsworse．[答案]of②The_

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looksuggestedthattheremustbesomething_

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aroundher.（scare）[答案]scared；scary③Itwasafrighteningstoryandchildrenwerescared___deathwhentheyheardit.[答案]to④她害怕走進(jìn)院子，因?yàn)槔锩嬗幸恢淮蠊?。She_

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becauseabigdogwasinit.［讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫］[答案]wasscaredtogo/ofgoingintotheyard知識點(diǎn)7surroundvt.環(huán)繞，圍繞；包圍【拓展】（1）surround...with... 用……包圍/圍繞……besurroundedby/with...被……包圍（2）surroundingadj. 周圍的surroundingsn. 環(huán)境；周圍的事物【寫作佳句】Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceonhowtoadapttotheunfamiliarsurroundings?［應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信］你能就如何適應(yīng)這個(gè)不熟悉的環(huán)境給我提供一些有利的建議嗎？［名師點(diǎn)津］（1）surroundings表示周圍的具體物質(zhì)環(huán)境；（2）environment是集體名詞，常用單數(shù)形式，表示對人的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響的自然環(huán)境或生活環(huán)境?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/微寫作①[2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ]Inaddition,there'snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthe_

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（surround）environment.[答案]surrounding②[2023·浙江卷1月]IntheMingDynasty，thecenterwastheForbiddenCity，_

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（surround）inconcentric（同心的）circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.[答案]surrounded③Thechildrenplayedhappilyinthesafeandweling_

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（surround）oftheirneighborhoodpark.[答案]surroundings④綠樹掩映，這個(gè)農(nóng)場坐落于我們學(xué)校附近的山腳下，為工作和休閑提供了一個(gè)寧靜且風(fēng)景如畫的環(huán)境。_

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,thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool,providingapeacefulandpicturesqueenvironmentforbothworkandrelaxation.［應(yīng)用文寫作之地點(diǎn)介紹］[答案]Surroundedby/withgreentrees知識點(diǎn)8patiencen.耐心；耐力【拓展】（1）havethepatiencetodosth. 有耐心做某事withpatience耐心地outofpatience 失去耐心；不耐煩runoutof/losepatience（withsb.） （對某人）失去耐心（2）patientadj.耐心的n． 病人bepatientwithsb. 對某人有耐心（3）patientlyadv. 耐心地；有毅力地impatientlyadv. 沒有耐心地【寫作佳句】Afterwaitingforhourswithoutanyupdates,thecustomerswereoutofpatienceandstartedplainingloudlytotheservicedesk.在等待了數(shù)小時(shí)沒有任何更新之后，顧客們失去了耐心，開始大聲向服務(wù)臺投訴。【練練不忘】語段填空/詞匯升級①Trulyexcellentteachers_

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（有耐心回答每個(gè)學(xué)生的問題）,nomatterhowsimpleorplexitmaybe.They_

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（對學(xué)生也有耐心）whostruggletounderstandaconcept.However,eventhemost_

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（patience）teachercansometimes_

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（失去耐心）whenfacedwithcontinuousdisruptions.[答案]havethepatiencetoanswereverystudent'squestion；arealsopatientwithstudents；patient；runoutofpatience/losehis/herpatience②Theteacherapproachedeachstudentpatiently,ensuringthattheyallunderstoodtheplexmathematicalconcepts.→Theteacherapproachedeachstudent_

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,ensuringthattheyallunderstoodtheplexmathematicalconcepts.[答案]withpatience知識點(diǎn)9behaviourn.行為，舉止；習(xí)性【拓展】（1）behavevt. 表現(xiàn)vi.&vt.表現(xiàn)得體；有禮貌behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.對待某人好/差behaveoneself 守規(guī)矩；舉止得體（2）wellbehavedadj. 表現(xiàn)好的badlybehavedadj. 表現(xiàn)差的【寫作佳句】Ifyoubehavewelltowardsothers,theywilltreatyouwithrespectandkindnessaswell.如果你對他人好，他們也會(huì)以尊重和善意來對待你?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/微寫作①[2024·北京卷]Thesesocialemotionsprepareourbrainstoshapeour_

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（behave）accordingtothenormsandvaluesofourfamilyandourmunity.[答案]behaviour②老師提醒學(xué)生們在參觀博物館時(shí)要表現(xiàn)得體，因?yàn)榱己玫男袨閷τ谶@次學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)至關(guān)重要。_

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,asgoodconductisessentialforthislearningexperience.［應(yīng)用文寫作之活動(dòng)介紹］[答案]Theteacherremindedthestudentstobehavethemselvesduringthemuseumvisit知識點(diǎn)10whisperv.耳語；低聲說，低語；私語n.耳語；低語【拓展】（1）whispersth.tosb. 把某事悄悄告訴某人whisper（sth.）inone'sear在某人耳旁小聲說（某事）Itis/waswhisperedthat... 有人私下說……；據(jù)秘密傳聞……（2）inawhisper/inwhispers（=inalowvoice）低聲地【寫作佳句】Themanpaidnoattentiontoallthis,butthewhisperandlaughterbegantogethisattention.這個(gè)人并沒有把注意力全放在這里，但竊竊私語和笑聲開始引起了他的注意?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/微寫作①Thefamilyspoke___whispersforfearofwakingthesleepingbabyinthebedroom.[答案]in②Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisper____myselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.[答案]to③為了不被周圍的人聽見，湯姆在我的耳邊低語。Inordernottobeheardbypeoplearound,Tom_

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.［讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫］[答案]whisperedinmyear知識點(diǎn)11descriptionn.描述，描寫；形容；說明【拓展】（1）beyonddescription 無法形容（2）describevt. 描述，描寫；描繪describe...as... 把……描述成……describesth.tosb. 向某人描述……【寫作佳句】WearelookingforwardtovisitingGuilin,whosebeautyisbeyonddescription.我們期待著參觀桂林，桂林的美麗是無法形容的。［名師點(diǎn)津］describe后不接雙賓語，若語義需要，常與介詞to來引出間接賓語。類似動(dòng)詞還有say、explain、announce、report、express、municate等。【練練不忘】單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①TheBeatlesweredescribed___aBritishinvasionbylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime.[答案]as②Whateveritis，theresultisafineandvivid_

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（describe）ofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.[答案]description③Itisdescribedinthisbookthattheblackwerenottreatedequally.→_

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,theblackwerenottreatedequally.（定語從句）[答案]Asisdescribedinthisbook知識點(diǎn)12calmvi.&vt.（使）平靜，（使）鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的，冷靜的，沉著的【拓展】（1）calmdown 平靜下來；鎮(zhèn)定下來calmsb./sth.down 使某人/某物平靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來（2）keep/stay/remaincalm 保持鎮(zhèn)靜（3）calmlyadv. 冷靜地；平靜地【寫作佳句】Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergencyandhasappealedtothepublictostaycalm,waitingforfurtherinformation.政府已經(jīng)宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)，并呼吁公眾保持冷靜，等待進(jìn)一步的消息?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/微寫作①Thishelpsyourbodyreceiveasignaltorelax.Thenyoucancalm_

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（you）downandgetcentered.[答案]yourself②ThelastthingIsawwasDon'sface，looking_

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（calm）backatme.[答案]calmly③孩子們?nèi)绱思?dòng)以至于難以平靜下來。Thechildrenaresoexcitedthat_

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.［應(yīng)用文寫作之?dāng)⑹露涛模輀答案]itishardforthemtocalmdown知識點(diǎn)13putup張貼；建造；提供住宿；舉起【拓展】putoff 推遲……，使……延期putforward 提出（意見、建議）puton 穿上；上演putin 投入（時(shí)間、心思等）putaway 將……收起;儲存putupwith 容忍，忍受putdown 放下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓putaside 儲存……備用；留下……供專用putthrough 接通（電話）；完成【寫作佳句】（1）Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.今日事，今日畢。（2）（人教選必一U3）Famouscountrymusicgroupsputonperformancesthereallyearround,indoorsandoutdoors.著名鄉(xiāng)村音樂團(tuán)體全年都在那里演出，或在室內(nèi)，或在室外?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/語段寫作①[2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ]AstatuememoratingShakespeareandTangwasput___atShakespeare'sBirthplaceGardenin2017.[答案]up②[2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ]You'llhitroadblocks,andyou'llfeeldiscouragedattimes.Pushthrough,giveittimeandput___theeffort.[答案]in③得知你難以忍受陌生的環(huán)境，我寫信與你分享一些建議。首先，你最好放下你的負(fù)面情緒，積極參加課外活動(dòng)。此外，永遠(yuǎn)不要把今天該做的事拖到明天。我真誠地希望你能采納我提出的以上建議。Learningthatyouhavedifficulty_

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，Iamwritingtosharesomesuggestionswithyou.Firstly，you'dbetter_

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andactivelyparticipateinextracurricularactivities.Furthermore，_

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whatshouldbedonetodayuntiltomorrow.Isincerelyhopethatyoucanadopttheabovesuggestions_

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.［應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信］[答案]puttingupwiththeunfamiliarsurroundings；putasideyournegativeemotions；neverputoff；（that/which）Ihaveputforward知識點(diǎn)14catchsb.'seye吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意【拓展】keepaneyeon 照看，留神，留意fix/keepone'seyeson 注視，盯著看keepaneyeout/open（for） 密切注意，提防，警覺haveaneyefor... 對……有鑒賞力looksb.intheeye（s） 直視/正視某人shut/closeone'seyesto...對……視而不見inone'seyes 在某人看來【寫作佳句】Whenshakinghandswithpeople,it'spolitetolookthemintheeyeandgivethemafirmgrip,showingrespectandsincerity.［應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信］與人握手時(shí)，禮貌的做法是看著對方的眼睛并給予堅(jiān)定的握力，以示尊重和真誠?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/補(bǔ)全句子/微寫作①（譯林必修三U3）Witheyesnolonger_

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（fix）onourphones,wehadachancetoreallyenjoyeachother'spany.[答案]fixed②Althoughyoushouldbepraisedforacplishingyourpositionaheadoftime,youcannot_

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（對那些語法和拼寫錯(cuò)誤視而不見）.[答案]shut/closeyoureyestothosegrammarandspellingmistakes③_

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（在我看來）,hisperseverancemayaccountforhisgreatachievementinhisresearchwork.[答案]Inmyeyes④我偷偷地從床上爬起來，躡手躡腳地走出屋子，試圖不引起媽媽的注意，但失敗了。Isneakedoutofmybedandtiptoedoutofthehouse，_

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，butinvain.［讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫］[答案]tryingnottocatchmymother'seye知識點(diǎn)15passaway去世；消失【拓展】passup 放過，放棄，錯(cuò)過（機(jī)會(huì)）passby 經(jīng)過（……旁邊）pass（sth.）on（tosb.） 傳/遞給（某人某物）passdown 世代相傳，流傳passthrough 穿過；通過passout 昏倒；失去知覺【寫作佳句】Myfavoriteproverbis“Wherethere'sawill，there'saway.”，whichmeanswewillbeabletogetoverallkindsofchallengesifwecansticktoourdreamsandneverpassup.我最喜歡的諺語是“有志者，事竟成?！边@意味著如果我們能堅(jiān)持自己的夢想，永不放棄，我們將能夠克服各種挑戰(zhàn)?！揪毦毑煌繂尉湔Z法填空/微寫作①ChinesekungfuisaveryimportantanduniqueformofChineseculture,whichhasbeenpassed_

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fromgenerationtogeneration.［應(yīng)用文寫作之傳統(tǒng)文化］[答案]down②（譯林必修一U4）JenniferJones,15,toldfriendsinherclassthatshewasfeelingunwell.Shethenpassed_

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inhermorningPElessonandwasrushedtohospital.③（人教選必一U1）On18April1955,itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassed_

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,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.④如果你對中國的古代史感興趣，你一定不能錯(cuò)過這個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)！IfyouareinterestedintheancienthistoryofChina,youmustn't_

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！［應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信］[答案]out；away；passupthisexcellentopportunity三、語法清單被動(dòng)語態(tài)【感知·語法規(guī)律】ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenhere.Allvisitorstothistown①aretreatedwithkindness.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.Thetownlifehaschangedgreatlysince1992.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhich②werethrownawayinthepast.TheTownHallwhich③waspletedinthe1800'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthetownandalotoffactories④havebeensetup.Thechurchtowerwhich⑤isbeingrestoredwillbeopentotouristssoon,becausethework⑥willbefinished.,1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：am/is/are＋過去分詞，如加黑處①。2．一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：was/were＋過去分詞，如加黑處②③。3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：am/is/arebeing＋過去分詞，如加黑處⑤。4．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞，如加黑處④。5．一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：will/shallbe＋過去分詞，如加黑處⑥?！揪v·語法知識】一、基本知識(一)概念語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語態(tài)通常分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。(二)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be本身無詞義，但有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。(三)用法1．講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。(這時(shí)可省略by短語)*Mybikewasstolenlastnight.我的自行車昨晚被偷了。2．借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的受動(dòng)者。*Thebikewasknockeddownbyanaughtyboy.這輛自行車被一個(gè)調(diào)皮的小男孩撞倒了。3．為使句子更加合理、流暢。*Theplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtoliveonthecampus.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃得到了希望住在校內(nèi)的人的支持。4．習(xí)慣用法的需要。這類詞常見的有born、determine、devote、seat、dress、situate等。*HewasborninChinain2017.他于2017年出生在中國。[即時(shí)演練1]——單句語法填空(1)Ifnothingisdone(do)，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.(2)Theoldtowerwasbuilt(build)in1976andisnowstillinagoodstate.(3)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicantsareinterviewed(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.二、形式時(shí)態(tài)名稱被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋過去分詞一般過去時(shí)was/were＋過去分詞一般將來時(shí)will/shall＋be＋過去分詞過去將來時(shí)would＋be＋過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are＋being＋過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋being＋過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋been＋過去分詞過去完成時(shí)had＋been＋過去分詞*Theboyisoftenheardtoplaythepiano.人們經(jīng)常聽到這個(gè)男孩彈鋼琴。*Shewasseentoenterthehall.有人看見她進(jìn)了大廳。*Anewhousewillbebuiltbyusnextyear.明年我們要建一棟新房子。*Theproblemisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.會(huì)議上正在討論這個(gè)問題。*AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIarrivedthere.我到那兒時(shí)，正在開會(huì)。*Alltheseflowershavebeenwatered.這些花都澆過了。*ThebuildinghadbeenpletedbeforeIarrivedthere.在我到那之前那座建筑就已竣工了。*Thesebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.這些書可以借兩周。[溫馨提示]被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用get來代替?！癵et＋過去分詞”一般用來談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事件，只表示動(dòng)作，不表示狀態(tài)。*Shegothurtonherwaybackhome.她在回家的路上受傷了。[即時(shí)演練2]——單句語法填空(1)Itissaidthatthisnewshopwasbuilt(build)inourschoollastyear.(2)Aconcertwillbeheld(hold)soonatwhichtheworksofLisztwillbeplayed.(3)—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt(hurt).三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1．以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞(1)表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞，如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、prove不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其后接形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動(dòng)含義。*Thefoodtastesdelicious.這食物味道鮮美。*Thecottonfeelssoft.棉花摸上去很軟。(2)表示主語的某種屬性或特征的動(dòng)詞，如open、shut、lock、sell、write、wash、start習(xí)慣上以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常伴有一個(gè)修飾語。*Thiskindofclothwasheswell.這種布好洗。*Theenginewon'tstart.引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來。(3)need、want、require、deserve等動(dòng)詞作謂語，其主語為物時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后的v.ing形式表示被動(dòng)含義。*Theplanrequireddiscussing.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃需要討論。2．不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：appear、die、disappear、rise、end、fail、happen、last、remain、spread、breakout、etrue、fallasleep、loseheart、takeplace等。*Thepricehasrisen.價(jià)格升高了。*Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.事故是上周發(fā)生的。(2)有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：fit、have、marry、own、wish、cost、notice、watch、agreewith、arriveat/in、shakehandswith、succeedin、sufferfrom、happento、takepartin、walkinto、belongto。*Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙適合這把鎖。*Yourstoryagreeswithwhatheheard.你的故事與他聽到的相符。[即時(shí)演練3]——單句語法填空(1)Thischeesedoesn'tcut(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.(2)Theflowersinthegardenneedwatering(water).(3)Yourideasounds(sound)agoodone.四、寫作清單寫作一應(yīng)用文寫作——慶祝生日寫作要求假如你是李華，上周日是你媽媽的生日，你和爸爸還有弟弟一起為媽媽慶祝了生日。請根據(jù)下面的提示，用英語把這件事描述一下。1.上周日是媽媽的四十五歲生日；2.為媽媽生日做的準(zhǔn)備：爸爸下廚做了好吃的飯菜；我和弟弟用零花錢買花；3.大家一起祝媽媽生日快樂，感謝她為家里所做的一切。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________審題謀篇第一步：審題構(gòu)思很關(guān)鍵第二步：補(bǔ)全句子雛形現(xiàn)1．我的爸爸、弟弟和我秘密地進(jìn)行了交談。(haveatalk)Myfather,brotherandIhadatalksecretly．2．我們討論了怎樣慶祝媽媽的生日。(how引導(dǎo)賓語從句)Wediscussedhowtocelebratemymother'sbirthday．3．我們到家時(shí)，看到一張桌子已經(jīng)擺好了。(過去分詞作定語)Whenwegothome,wesawatablelaid．4．桌子上有很多好吃的食物。(Therebe結(jié)構(gòu))Thereweremanydeliciousfoodsonthetable.5．當(dāng)媽媽下班回家時(shí)，她對她所看到的一切感到非常驚訝。Mymotherwassosurprisedatwhatshesawwhenshecamebackfromwork.6．我們都對她說：“生日快樂！”(saysth.tosb.)Weallsaid“HappyBirthday！”toher．7．我們感謝媽媽為我們的家所做的一切。(what引導(dǎo)賓語從句)Weallthankedherforwhatshehaddoneforourfamily．第三步：句式升級造亮點(diǎn)8．用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語連接第二步中的句1和句2Myfather,brotherandIhadatalksecretly,discussinghowtocelebratemymother'sbirthday.9．用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)連接第二步中的句3和句4Whenwegothome,wesawatablelaidwithmanydeliciousfoodsonit.10．用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語連接第二步中的句5和句6Weallsaid“HappyBirthday！”toher,thankingherforwhatshehaddoneforourfamily.第四步：過渡銜接連成篇_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：WehadamerrydaylastSunday,foritwasmymother's45thbirthday!Severaldaysbefore,myfather,brotherandIhadatalksecretly,discussinghowtocelebratemymother'sbirthday.OnSundaymorning,mybrotherandIgotupearlyandwenttobuysomeflowersusingourpocketmoney.Whenwegothome,wesawatablelaidwithmanydeliciousfoodsonit.Mymotherwassosurprisedatwhatshesawwhenshecamebackfromwork.Weallsaid“HappyBirthday！”toher,thankingherforwhatshehaddoneforourfamily.IlovemyfamilyandIwillrememberthehappydayforever!實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，上周末陪你校的外籍教師布朗先生(Mr.Brown)游覽了長城。請你寫一篇英文稿件，介紹你們游覽長城時(shí)的所見所聞。注意：詞數(shù)80左右。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________