必修一Unit2TravellingAround單元培優(yōu)綜合測試卷

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

（2024?浙江紹興?三模）BestofNashvilleTNVacation

EnjoythebestofthisuniquecitywiththeBestofNashvilleTNVacationpackage.Thispackageallowsyouto

experiencehand-pickedactivitiesthatwillhelpyoutohaveatrulymemorableMusicCityadventure.Package

Includes

?5Nights'Accommodationsinyourchoiceofover46hotels

?DiscoverNashvilleTour

?GrandOleOpryatOpryHousePreferredSeating

?GeneralJacksonShowboatEveningDinnerCruiseAbouttheIncludedDiscoverNashvilleTour

SeeallofthemostexcitingattractionsinNashvillewiththeincredibleDiscoverNashvilleTour.Thistourwillgive

youviewsofhistoricdowntown,theTennesseestatecapital,theParthenonandmanyotherwonderfulattractions.

ThistouralsoincludesadmissiontothelegendaryRymanAuditoriumwherethetraditionoftheGrandOleOpry

beganaswellasadmissiontothehugeCountryMusicHallofFameandMuseum.AbouttheIncludedGrandOle

OpryatOpryHouse

GuestswillalsobeabletoattendthemostfamouscountrymusicshowintheworldwithGrandOleOpryTickets!

HeadtotheOpryHousetoseesomeoflegendarystarsinthecountry.Youneverknowwhoyoumaygettosee!

ThispackageincludesPreferredSeating.AbouttheIncludedGeneralJacksonShowboatCruise

ExperienceoneofthemostbelovedactivitiesinNashville,TNwithticketsontheGeneralJackson.Climbaboard

thisfantasticshowboatandsetoffforaneveningofgreatentertainment,sightseeing,anddeliciousfood.Enjoy

someofthemostbeautifullandmarksinNashvilleandglimpsetheskylinefromthewater.It'ssuretobean

awesomeadditiontoyourjourney!AbouttheIncludedLodging

Visitorsonthisvacationwillalsobeabletochoosewhichlodgingoptionbestsuitstheirneeds.Whether

theywishtostayinabudget-friendlyhotelthatwillfittheentirefamilyorwouldlikeamorepeacefulsuiteina

resorthotel,thereareoptionsforeveryone.Thepackageincludesfivenightsoflodging.

ExperiencethebestofthebestofNashville'sfinestattractions,cruises,andmore!Youandyourlovedones

areboundtohaveanawesometimewiththesefunactivitiesandfivenightsoflodging.

1.WhatisNOTincludedintheBestofNashvilleTNVacationpackage?

A.Meetingsuperstarsofthecountry.B.Learningthehistoryofthestatecapital.

C.Appreciatingthesceneryontheshowboat.D.Enjoyingthemostfamouscountrymusicshow.

2.Whatistrueabouttheincludedlodgingaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thelodgingoptionisfixed.B.Awidechoiceofhotelsareoffered.

C.Thehotelstobeselectedareluxurious.D.Extraexpensesareneededforaccommodations.

3.Whatisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atraveljournal.B.Atextbook.

C.Anadvertisingpage.D.Anewsreport.

B

（2024?安徽合月巴?三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool,IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure（長期聘

用），Ihadtobeproductive.However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexpert

toldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.

Weallgetrejectedatwork,whetherifshavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.It

causespain.Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家）havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcluded

fromanonlinegame.Thephysiological（生理學(xué)的）responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.

Apparently,thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn'thurt,youmighthavebeenperfectly

comfortableleavingyourtribe,whichwouldnotbegoodfbryoursurvival.Butit'sleftusnervousandlikelyto

overreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou'veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceina

roomfullofsmiles,youknowwhatImean.

Thafsthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly."Whenyou'reinsecure

inone,yourelyontheotheronethafsdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability（柔韌性）isthedefinitionofstrength,9,

saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.

Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.My

identityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn'twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.I

hadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.However,Ihadn'thadthechance:Thefirsttwoyearsofmy

programweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.

IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections,Ihadtofindawaytoteach.I

convincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents,andIstartedmeetingwith

themweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajor

papers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.

4.Whatwastheauthor'sreactiontotheleadingexpert'swords?

A.Hetookhisadvice.B.Hefeltdiscouraged.

C.Hepaidnoattention.D.Heconsultedanotherexpert.

5.Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout?

A.Rejectionreallyhurts.

B.Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.

C.Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.

D.Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.

6.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection?

A.Findoutthereasonsbehindit.

B.Forgivethosewhorejectus.

C.Turntoourstrongeridentity.

D.Learnalessonfrompastfailures.

7.Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast?

A.Heleftgraduateschool.

B.Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.

C.Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.

D.Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.

C

（2024?重慶?三模）InOceanside,acoastalsuburbabout40milesnorthofSanDiego,thepalmtreeswave

andthetemperatureisalmostperfect.Teenagerswatchsurfersrideglassywaves.Everydayitfeelslikethemost

perfectsummerday.Thereisjustoneproblem:Thesandisdisappearing.

Whilemanyvisitors,andevenlifelongCaliforniansintheindustrialstate,mightseewideareasofsandas

partofthestate'snaturalbeauty,therealityisthatoverdecades,thecoasthasbecomeahighlyengineeredwonder.

Millionsofcubicyardsofsanddugfromotherpartshasbeenaddedinthelastcenturytobuildthepostcard-worthy

beachliketheoneinSantaMonica.

ButarangeofforceshaveshrunkbeachesallalongCalifornia'scoastline.Californiacouldloseasmuchas

75%ofitsbeachesby2100,giventhesealevelriserelatedtoclimatechange.Overtime,beachsandgetssweptup

intothewater.Someofitmovestowardsotherbeaches.Besides,damsandconcretecanalshavereducedthe

amountofriversediment（沉淀物）flowingdownstreamthatcouldhelpfillbeachesasasupplement（補(bǔ)充）.Ifthe

shorelinewereallowedtoevolvewithouthumanintervention,thebeachescouldcontinuetoexistasweknowthem.

ButinCalifornia,thedevelopmentinmanyplacesalongthecoasthascreatedahardbarrier,disturbingthatnatural

evolution.

Overtheyears,localgovernmentsworkedtogetheronafewmajorsandsupplementprojects.Butthose,still,

haveprovedtobefleetingsolutions."'Everythingwedoisashort-termfix,"saidGaryGriggers,aprofessor

specializingincoastalscience.Inrecentyears,asthesand'sdisappearancegrewmoreextreme,longtimeOceanside

residentsformedanorganizationcalledSaveOceansideSand.Abeachtowncannotexistwithoutabeach.Leaders

herelaunchedsomeinternationaldesigncompetitions,aimingatfindingnewwaysofgettingandkeepingsandon

thecity'sbeaches.

“It'sreallyarace.Ithinkthere9sabsolutelynothingwecandotoholdbackthePacificOcean,saidGairy

Griggers.

8.Whatdoestheauthormeanbymentioningtheengineeredwonder?

A.Mostvisitorsareengineers.B.Californiaisanindustrialstate.

C.Ifstheperfectholidayvacation.D.Thebeachisartificiallymaintained.

9.WhatisareasonforthecrisisofbeachesalongCalifornia'scoastline?

A.Sandsupplementhasbeenadded.B.Sealevelriseresultsinclimatechange.

C.Muchriversedimentisflowingdownstream.D.Humaninterventionblocksthenaturalevolution.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fleeting“inParagraph4mean?

A.Efficient.B.Temporary.C.Sustainable.D.Complex.

11.WhichofthefollowingwasdonetopreserveCalifornianbeaches?

A.Designcontestswereheld.B.Damsandcanalswerebuilt.

C.Man-madebeacheswereexpanded.D.Sand-themedpostcardswerepublished.

D

（2024?山西?模擬預(yù)測）AteamofscientistsfromtheCenterforCognitionandSocialityandtheData

ScienceGroupattheInstituteforBasicScience（IBS）madeanexcitingdiscoveryabouthowcomputersandhuman

brainsworksimilarlywhenrememberingthings.Theyfoundoutthatthewayartificialintelligence（AI）models,

likethoseinsmartrobots,storememoriesisalotlikehowourbrain?smemorycenter,calledthehippocampus（海

馬體），doesit.Thispartofthebrainisreallyimportantforfeelingsandmemories.

UnderstandinghowAIleamsandkeepsinformationiskeytomakingitsmarter.Thescientistslookedinto

howourbrainslearnandrememberbyfocusingonaspecialprocessinvolvingtheNMDAreceptor,acriticalpart

ofthehippocampus.Thisreceptorworkslikeasmartdoorinourbrainthathelpswithlearningandremembering.It

openswhencertainbrainchemicalsarepresent,allowingthecelltoreceivesignalsandcreatememories.Aspecific

element,magnesium,actslikeaguard,onlylettingsubstancesinundertherightconditions.

Interestingly,theteamfoundthatTransformer,atypeofAImodel,usesasimilar“guarding“methodto

manageitsmemory.TheywonderediftheycouldmaketheTransformer'smemorybetterbycopyingthebrain's

process.ByadjustingsomesettingsintheTransformertomimic（模擬、模仿）thebrain'smemorydoor,they

improveditsabilitytorememberthingslong-term,justlikeadjustingmagnesiumlevelscanaffecthowwellwe

rememberstuff.

ThisdiscoveryisabigdealbecauseitshowswecanusewhatweknowaboutthebraintomakeAIsmarter.

C.JustinLEE,aneuroscience（神經(jīng)學(xué)）directorattheinstitute,mentionedthatthisresearchwasabigstep

forwardforbothAIandbrainscience.Itopensupnewwaystounderstandhowthebrainworksandtocreatemore

advancedAIbasedontheseinsights.

So,insimpleterms,scientistshavefiguredoutthatcomputerscanlearnandrememberinwaysthatare

surprisinglysimilartous,whichcouldhelpmakethemevensmarterinthefuture.

12.Whatdoestheterm“NMDAreceptor^^inparagraph2mostlikelyreferto?

A.AtypeofcomputervirusthatattacksAIsystems.

B.Anewtechnologyformakingcomputersrunfaster.

C.AcomponentinAImodelsthatpredictsfutureevents.

D.Apartofthehumanbraininvolvedinlearningandmemory.

13.WhatdidtheteamdiscoveraboutTransformer?

A.Itdirectlymimicsthebrain5smemoryprocess.

B.Itisunaffectedbychangesinmemorysettings.

C.Itusesaspecialmethodtomanagememory.

D.Itrequiresadjustmentstoenhancelong-termmemory.

14.WhatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfindingsaccordingtoC.JustinLEE?

A.Itisanewapproachtomemoryorganization.

B.ItisacrucialstepinadvancingAIandneuroscience.

C.Itisamethodforimprovingshort-termmemoryinAL

D.ItisabreakthroughinunderstandingAIemotionalprocessing.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ExploringtheNMDAreceptorinthebrain.

B.DiscussingimplicationsofneuroscienceforAL

C.Comparingcomputerandhumanmemoryprocesses.

D.DiscoveringsimilaritiesbetweenAIandhumanmemory.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

（2024?河南?模擬預(yù)測）HowtoCreatethePerfectSpringPlanter

Springcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcomersofanygardenat

thistimeofyear.16

Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.17

Theyaresolidpotsforspringastheydon'tblowoverinthoseearlyspringwinds.Checkthatthepothasalarge

drainage（排水）holetoensurethatthesoildrainswell,butalwayscoveritwithacrock（likeapiecefromabroken

flowerplanter）sothatthesoildoesn'tblocktheholeandcreateproblemswithdrainagelaterdowntheline.

Choosingtherightcompost（堆月巴）isthekeytothesuccessofanyplanting.Ithinkifsbesttousesoil-based

compostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplenty

ofshowers.18Andtoomuchwaterinthesoilwillfreeze,preventingtheplantsfromtakingupthe

vitalwater.

Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualand

perennial（多年生的）ones.19Abunchofpotsforcestheeyetolookaroundandtakeineachpot

andplantcombination.AniceoptionisplantingsummerflowerslikeDahliaorLilytocreateasummerimpact.

20Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon'thaveatallplantthenyoucanalways

raiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreate

interestanddrama.

Apleasantsmellisalwaysalovelyadditiontoaspaceaswellaswildlife.Selecttherightplantforyour

locationinyourgarden—sunorshade-loving.

A.Ilikegood,weightyplanters.

B.ItcanstillbefrostyrightuptoMay.

C.Andbesides,theyaresoeasytocarefor.

D.Ialsoliketogrouppotstogetherindifferentsizes.

E.Capitalizeonthosevariationstohelpchoosecompanions.

F.Youmayfindsomeoftheseplantsinsmallerpotsorevenmulti-packs.

G.Heightisimportanttothinkaboutwhenyou'redesigningyourarrangement.

第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

（2024?重慶?三模）JuleusGhuntaisapublishedchildren'sauthorandaward-winningpoet.Butwhenyoung,

hecould21read.

HegrewupwithhisthreesistersinruralWesternJamaica,raisedbytheirsinglemother.Lifewastough,and

properschoolingwasoutofthequestiondueto22resources.

WhenGhuntafinallywenttoschool,hecouldn't23onreading.Notonlyhadhebeenkepthome

fromschoolasachild,buthehadnotbeen24tobooks.

Bysixthgrade,hecouldspellhisname,butstillcouldn'tmakeoutwordsorreadwith25.He

struggledinschoolwithadeepsenseof26andworthlessness.

Atage12,ayoungteacher-in-training27aspecialreadingprogramfor28students.

Ghuntawasthefirsttojoin.Thatteacher,whosenamehedoesnot29now,becameGhunta'sunsung

hero-thepersonwhochangedhislife.

Theteacherwasincrediblykindtohim.Underherguidance,Ghunta'sreadingskillssawmarked

improvement,andhissenseofinadequacybeganto30.

“Shehadleftmewiththegiftofliteracy,9,hesaid."Andadeeper31ofmytalent.

AfterGhunta'sexperiencewiththeteacher,hislifecourse32.Hegraduatedwithacademic

33andisnowtheauthoroftwochildren'sbooks,including“RohanBullkinandtheShadows.^^

Yearslater,Ghuntareturnedtohisoldschoolandaskedtheprincipalandteachersiftheyknewher

34butnonedid.Carryingthismemory,however,hestillhopestofindandthankherforseeinghis35

andbeingasourceoflightandhopeinhislife.

21.A.merelyB.barelyC.totallyD.simply

22.A.abundantB.publicC.limitedD.financial

23.A.giveupB.fallbehindC.missoutD.catchup

24.A.exposedB.drawnC.adaptedD.devoted

25.A.referenceB.hesitationC.cautionD.understanding

26.A.aweB.lossC.guiltD.wonder

27.A.startedB.submittedC.downloadedD.forwarded

28.A.disappointingB.strugglingC.advancedD.qualified

29.A.typeB.spellC.distinguishD.recall

30.A.disappearB.peakC.formD.spread

31.A.appreciationB.wasteC.memoryD.source

32.A.riskedB.approachedC.shiftedD.determined

33.A.skillsB.honorsC.coursesD.efforts

34.A.occupation.B.identityC.ageD.name

35.A.drawbackB.reflectionC.potentialD.ambition

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

(2024.安徽蕪湖.三模)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.GrainBudsisthe36

(eight)solartermofayear.Itmeansthattheseedsfromgrainarebecomingfullbutarenotripe.The24solarterms

37(create)thousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.Butthesolartermcultureisstilluseful

todaytoguidepeople'slivesthroughspecialfoods,38(culture)ceremonies,gardeningandevenhealthy

livingtipsthatcorrespond39eachsolarterm.DuringtheGrainBudsperiod,thesummerharvestisabout

tobegin.Asayingaboutrainduringthistimementions,“Aheavyrainfallmakestheriverfulln.Becauseofthe

greatincreaseinrainfall,riversarefullofwater,whichmakesfishandshrimpbigandfat.Thisisagoodtime

40(eat)fishandshrimp.Itisalso41harvestseasonforfishermen.AChinesefarmerproverbsays,

""MulberriesbecomeblackduringtheGrainBudsperiod^^.Thusitisagoodseasontoeatmulberries.Thistimeisa

goodperiodforthequick42(grow)offlowers.Itisalsoaseason43plantdiseasesandpestsare

atanall-timehigh.HightemperaturesandhumidityarecommonduringtheGrainBudsperiod.Theincreasein

temperatureoverthisseasonmayalsogiverisetonettlerash,sweatspotsandotherskin44（disease）.Itis

alsoimportanttoexercisetokeephealthyduringthehotsummerdays.Walking,45（jog）andpracticing

TaiChiarepopular.

第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

（