2025年暑假新七年級英語銜接學習系列

專題15閱讀理解之詞義猜測題（題型與策略）

。＞知識直漏補缺---------------------------------------

一、題型特點

詞義猜測題旨在考查同學們通過上下文語境來推斷生詞、短語或句子含義的能力。在英語閱讀中，即

便同學們掌握了一定的詞匯量，也難免會遇到不認識的單詞。此時，能否利用文章所提供的線索，如上下

文的邏輯關(guān)系、定義解釋、舉例說明等，對生詞的含義進行合理推測，就顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。這類題型要求同

學們擺脫對詞典的依賴，學會在閱讀過程中“就地取材”，依據(jù)已知信息去理解未知內(nèi)容，從而準確把握文

章的整體意思。

二、常考方法

命題人通常會在一篇英語文章中挑選一些對于理解文章至關(guān)重要，但同學們可能不熟悉的單詞、短語

或句子，通過設(shè)置問題的方式，讓同學們猜測其在文中的含義。這些被考查的詞匯或表達可能是較為生僻

的單詞，也可能是常見詞在特定語境下的特殊含義，或者是一些固定短語、習語等。例如，文章中提到“Tom

isveryfrugal.Heneverwastesmoneyandalwaystriestosaveeverypenny.這里的“frugal”對于七年級同學

可能較陌生，題目就可能圍繞它的含義進行考查，要求同學們根據(jù)"Heneverwastesmoneyandalwaystriesto

saveeverypenny.^^這一上下文信息來猜測詞義。

三、提問方式

直接對生詞含義提問：Theunderlinedword""inthepassagemeans_.例如：Theunderlinedword"pest"in

thepassagemeans.

對多義詞在文中的含義提問：Theword“"inthepassageprobablymeans—.（這里的單詞通常是同學們熟

悉，但在文中有不同含義的詞）o比如：Theword“bank”inthesentence"Hesatonthebankoftheriver.^^

probablymeans.

對短語或句子含義提問：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase""mean?/Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence

mean?例如：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ookafter^^mean?/Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Timeand

tidewaitfornoman.^^mean?

對代詞的指代對象提問：Theword"it/them”inthefirstparagraphrefersto.如：Theword"them"in

thesentence“IboughtsomeapplesandIwanttogivethemtomyfriends.refersto.

四、解答策略

L利用上下文邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義

因果關(guān)系：如果上下文中存在because,so,asaresult等表示因果關(guān)系的詞或短語，那么可以通過已知

的"因"或"果"來推測生詞的含義。例如："Hewasveryhungry,sohedevouredallthefbodontheplate.”因

為前面提到“他很餓”，所以可以推測“devoured”意思是“狼吞虎咽地吃”。

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,yet等詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)折前后的內(nèi)容意思相反。例如：“Thecoatisexpensive,but

itisverydurable.Icanwearitformanyyears.^^前面說外套貴，后面說能穿很多年，通過轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知

“durable”意思是"耐用的”。

并列關(guān)系：and,or等連接的兩個部分在語義上相近或相關(guān)。比如：“Inthepark,wecanseemanybeautiftd

flowersandlovelyshrubs.,,tcflowers^^是花，與之并列的“shrubs”很可能也是公園里的植物，可推測為“灌

木”。

2.根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義

下定義：作者可能會直接對生詞進行定義，常見標志詞有be,mean,becalled,bedefinedas等。例如：

“Athermometerisaninstrumentthatisusedformeasuringtemperature.通過“isaninstrumentthatisusedfor

measuringtemperature"（一種用于測量溫度的儀器）這個定義，可知"thermometer”是“溫度計

同位語：用逗號、破折號等引出對生詞的解釋說明。如："Weareonthewaytothehospital-theplacewhere

peoplegowhentheyare破折號后的內(nèi)容解釋了“hospital”是人們生病時去的地方，即“醫(yī)院”。

3.借助同義詞、反義詞猜測詞義

同義詞：如果文章中出現(xiàn)了與生詞意思相近的詞，那么可以通過已知的同義詞來推測生詞含義。例如：

“Thegirlisverybright.Shealwaysgetsgoodgradesinexams.Sheisascleverashersister.99這里“bright”和

“clever”是同義詞，都表示“聰明的”。

反義詞：利用表示對比的詞，如while,unlike等，找到與生詞相反意義的詞來猜測。例如：“Mysisteris

veryoutgoing,whileIamrathershy.^^^4while^^表示對比，可知“shy"和“outgoing”（夕卜向的）意思相反，即“害

羞的”。

4.通過舉例猜測詞義

Suchas,forexample等詞引出具體例子，通過例子來推測生詞的大致范圍或含義。例如："Therearemany

kindsoffruitsintheshop,suchasapples,bananas,andoranges.^^從后面列舉的蘋果、香蕉、橙子可知"fruits”

是"水果"的意思。

結(jié)合生活常識猜測詞義：有些生詞可以根據(jù)同學們已有的生活經(jīng)驗和常識來猜測。比如："Themoongoes

aroundtheearth.^^根據(jù)常識，我們知道圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)的是“月亮"，所以"moon"就是這個意思。

5.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義

對于七年級同學，簡單了解一些常見的前綴、后綴有助于猜測詞義。比如，“un-”這個前綴表示否定，

“happy”是“開心的”，那么“unhappy”就是“不開心的”；“-er”后綴常表示做某事的人，“teach”是“教”，

“teacher”就是“教師”。

五、語段分析

（語段一）

Mylittlebrotherisverynaughty.Yesterday,hebrokemyfavoritecup.Healsodrewsomefunnypictureson

thewallwithhiscrayons.Andhemadethewholeroominamess.

【題目】

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"naughty"mean?

A.Quiet

B.Clever

C.Mischievous

【分析】

從文中描述弟弟“打破我最喜歡的杯子”“在墻上用蠟筆畫畫”“把整個房間弄得一團糟”這些行為，可以

看出弟弟很調(diào)皮搗蛋。A選項“Quiet”意思是安靜的，與文中弟弟的行為不符；B選項“Clever”是聰明

的，也不符合語境；C選項“Mischievous”意思是調(diào)皮的、淘氣的，符合對弟弟行為的描述，所以答案是C。

（語段二）

Thereisanewrestaurantnearmyhome.Itservesdifferentkindsofdeliciousfood.Themostpopulardish

thereistheroastduck.Peopleoftenqueueupoutsidetherestauranttowaitforatable.

【題目】

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"serves"mean?

A.Sells

B.Offers

C.Cooks

【分析】

根據(jù)上下文，餐廳有各種美食，最受歡迎的是烤鴨，人們排隊等座位?？梢酝茢喑觥皊erves”在這里是“提

供”食物的意思。A選項“Sells”側(cè)重于售賣，更強調(diào)交易的行為，不太能準確表達餐廳提供食物供顧客

享用的意思；C選項“Cooks”是烹飪，餐廳肯定有烹飪食物的過程，但這里說的是餐廳對顧客的服務(wù)，“提

供”更合適；B選項“Offers”有提供、給予的意思，符合語境，所以答案是B。

6題型特訓(xùn)提分---------------------------------------

1

Doyouhaveagoodsleep（睡眠）everynight?March21isWorldSleepDay.Ifsagoodtimetothinkabout

oursleepinghabitsandgetmoresleep.

Sleepisimportant（重要的）becauseithelpsourbodiestorecover（恢復(fù)）fromthestress（壓力）ofliving.

Buttoday,heavystressandthehabitofusingsmartphonesbeforebedtimemakepeoplelosesleep.About62%

ofadultsintheworldfeelthattheydon'tsleepwell,accordingtoasurvey.InAmerica,around50millionto60

millionpeoplesufferfromsleepproblems.Losingjustoneortwohoursofsleepeverynightcanaffect（影響）us.

“Ifyoudon'tgetenoughsleepatnight,youmightsleepinschool.Ifyou'reasleep,youdon'tlearnanything,

saysMaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownMedicalSchool.

Howmuchsleepdoyouneed?Thatdependsonhowoldyouare.TheSleepFoundationsaysthatteenagers

（青少年）need8.5to9hoursaday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,sleepcanhelp.

A.recoverfromstressB.learngoodhabits

C.thinkaboutworkD.usesmartphones

2.Theunderlinedwords"'sufferfrom55inParagraph3means.

A.遠離B.遇見C.解決D.遭受

3.A16-year-oldboyshouldsleepaday.

A.7hoursB.8hoursC.9hoursD.10hours

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Morethanhalfofadultshavegoodsleep.

B.ManyAmericanpeoplehavesleepproblems.

C.Losingoneortwohoursofsleepisnotaproblem.

D.Ifwesleepatschool,wecanlearnsomething.

2

Afamilyisagroupofpersons.Inthefamily,familymembersloveandtrytohelpeachother,Inan

Americanfamily,thereisafather,amotherandbrothersandsisters.Thefatherworkstoearnmoneyandthe

motherdoeshousework.Thejobofeachparentisveryimportant.Thechildreninthefamilyusuallylearnfrom

theirparents.

Theimportantfactor（要素）inkeepingafamilyislove,butit'salsoimportanttoknowthatthisfeelingis

pure.Otherfactorsarealsoimportant.Theyarerespectandtrust.Everyoneinthefamilymustshowrespectfor

othermembers.Thatmeanshavingagoodopinionoftheircharacterorideas.Nobodyismoreimportantthan

familymembers.

Somechildrenonlyrespecttheirparents,buttheydon'ttrustthem.Idon'tthinktheyareright.Ifkidsdonot

trusttheirparents,theycan'tsharethefeelingswitheachother.Moreover,theycan'tlearnhowtoliveintheworld

fromtheirparents.

Inaword,allthefamilymembersshouldhaveloveandtheyshouldloveeachother.

1.WhatdoesthefatherdoinanAmericanfamily?

A.Hedoesmuchhousework.B.Heworkstomakemoney.

C.Helearnsfromhisparents.D.Helearnsfromhischildren.

2.Theunderlinedword“respect“means""inChinese.

A.稱贊B.理解C.尊敬D.反感

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Childrenshouldrespectandtrusttheirparents.

B.Childrenshouldonlyrespecttheirparents.

C.Childrenshouldonlytrusttheirparent.

D.Childrenshouldrespectandtrusttheirfriends.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AnAmericanfamilyB.Helpyourparents

C.ThejobofeachparentD.Afamilymeanslove

3

ItisErin'sbirthday,butsheisnothappy.Everyyear,Dadiswithheronherbirthday.Buttoday,Dadisn'tat

home.Heistoobusyatwork.

MomwantstomakeErinhappy.Shemakesabigbirthdaycake,getsherfavoriteice-cream,andsheeven

buysabeautifulgreendressforErin.Butitisofnouse.

Dadcomeshomeat7:30p.m.Theyhaveaquickdinnerandthenseeafilm.ButErinisstillupset.Shegoes

tobedearly.Shehopestomorrowwillbegood.

ThenextdayisSaturday.Intheearlymorning,Erinseesmanyballoons（氣球）inherroom.Theyarered,

yellowandblue.Thereisasmallpurpleboxandacardsays,"Tmsorry-Dad^^.Sheopenstheboxandseesanice

necklace（項鏈）.Dadtakesheroutforlunchandtheyplayinthepark.Erinhasgreatfun.ShethanksDadalot.

Itisabadbirthdayatfirstbutitendsup（結(jié)束）great.

1.WhyisErinnothappyonherbirthday?

A.Becausenofriendscome.B.Becausethereisn'taparty.

C.Becauseshehasabusyday.D.Becauseherdadcan'tbewithher.

2.WhatcolorisErin^newdress?

A.It'sred.B.It'sblue.C.Ifsgreen.D.Ifspurple.

3.WhafstheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“upset“inParagraph3?

A.失落的B.后悔的C.著急的D.擔心的

4.WhenisErin'sbirthday?

A.OnThursday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.D.OnSunday.

5.WhatdoesErin'sdadbuyforher?

A.Cake.B.Ice-cream.C.Dress.D.Necklace.

4

Oh,therain!HowSarahatestherain!Shecannotgooutsidetomeetherfriendsforagame.Hermothersays

toher,"Youmaycatchacold（感冒）ifyouplayintherain."ButSarashouts,"Itisraining,butit'shotoutside!"

Hermotherstilldoesn'tletheroutintherain.

Saragoesuptoherroomandliesdowninfrontofherwindow.Infactshehasmanythingstodoinherroom.

ThereisaTV,somebooksandtoys.Butshedoesn'tlikeanyofthem.

Sarasitsbythewindow.Shedoeseverythingtomaketheraingoaway.Firstsheopensthewindowsothe

raincanhearher.Shewishestherainawaybutthatdoesn'twork.Sheasksittogoawaybutthatstilldoesn'twork.

Shestandsupandshoutsattherainbutthatstilldoesn'twork.

"Well,ifyou'regoingtobehereandruin（毀壞）myday,youcanfindsomethinginterestingformetodo!"

Sheshoutsandagainshegetsnoanswer.

Soshesitsbackdownonthewindow."Fine,"shethinks,"Icangoswimming,ridemybikeandplaywith

myfriendswhentherainstops."Shethinkssohardaboutherideas,soonshefallsasleep（入睡）onthewindow.

1.Fromthestoryweknowitisaday.

A.windyB.sunnyC.rainyD.cold

2.Sara*smotherdoesn'tletheroutbecauseSaramay________intherain.

A.rideabikeB.goswimmingC,playtoysD.catchacold

3.Shewishestherainawaybutthatdoesn'twork.Here"doesn'twork,*means"

A.不工作B.不奏效C.不經(jīng)營D.不操作

4.Wecaninfer（推理）Saramaywhentherainstops.

A.playwithherfriendsB.watchTVC.playtoysD.readbooks

5.Fromthepassage,weknow.

A.SarafindssomethinginterestingtodointherainB.Sarafallsasleeponthewindow

C.Sara'smotherletsheroutatlast.D.theraingoesawaywhenSaraopensthewindow

5

Todaywefindthatschoolstudentshardlyspendmuchtimeonsports.Isitbecausetheyaren'tinterestedin

sports?No,theyoftensaytheyhaveothermoreimportantthingstodo.

Whataretheseimportantthings?Exams!Theyhavetospendmuchtimeonallkindsofexamsatschool.So

manyofthemalmostbecomebookworms（書呆子）.Booksstopthemfromgoingoutforsports.Becauseofthe

pressurefromtheirparentsandteachers,thestudentshavetoworkharderandspendmostoftheirtimeonbooks.

Asforthestudents,theywanttogetgoodresultssothattheycanimprovetheirstudies.Soitisnecessaryforthem

togivealloftheirfreetimetotheirstudiesandstoptheirschoolsports.

Infact,educationcan*tgowithoutenoughexercise,becauseaquickmindhardlygoesalongwithaweak

body.Ifyoudon*thaveastrongbodyyoucannevergetanythingoranygreatsuccessinyourlife.

1.Becauseoftheschoolstudentscan'tspendmuchtimeonsports.

A.nointerestB.examsC.educationD.exercise

2.Theunderlinedword"pressure"means""inChinese.

A.幸福B.壓力C.好辦法D.深深的愛

3.Ifyoudon'thavea,youcannevergetanything.

A.goodfatherB.strongbodyC.weakbodyD.goodface

4.Thewritermeansthestudentsshould.

A.workalldayandallnightB.notplaysports

C.haveenoughsportsafterstudyingD.spendthefreetimeonthestudiesandgiveupthesports

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Thestudentsdon'tgooutforsportsbecauseoftheweather.

B.Theystoptheirschoolsportsbecausetheyarebusywiththeirstudiesandexams.

C.Withoutastrongbodyonecan*tgetanygreatsuccessinhisorherlife.

D.Goodgradesalsodependonphysicalexercise.

6

Hello,mynameisPeter.Ihaveabigandhappyfamily.Mygrandparents,myparents,mysisterandIarein

it.

Mygrandparentsareoldbuthealthy.Theylikestayingathomeandlisteningtomusicontheradio.

Sometimes,theygotothesupermarkettobuythingsforthefamily.

MyparentsJackandRoseworkinthesamemiddleschool.Theyarenicetotheirstudentsandtheirstudents

lovethemverymuch.Theylikesports.Theyplaytenniseveryday.Sotheyareveryhealthy.

MysisterJaneisastudent.Shelikestotakeatrip.OnSaturdaysorSundays,sheoftengoesoutwithher

friends.Shelikespets（寵物）too.Shehastwocats.Everydayafterschool,sheplayswiththem.

I'malsoastudent.Atschool,Ihavemanygoodfriends.Iliketobewiththem.Onweekends,wehaveno

classes.Soweplaysportsorgotoparties.

1.HowmanyfamilypeoplearethereinPeter'sfamily?Thereare

A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six

2.Peter?sparentsareveryhealthybecausethey

A.areniceteachersB.lovetheirstudentsC.workintheschoolD.playsports

everyday

3.Fromthepassage,wecanknow

A.JackandRoselovetheirstudentsB.JanealwaystakestripsonSaturdays

C.Peter'sgrandparentslikedoingsportsD.Janelikesplayingwithherfriendsafterschool

4.Theunderlinedword^cthem^^refersto（指代）

A.catsB.friendsC.studentsD.parents

5.Thepassageisabout

A.Rose'snicefriendsB.Jack'sfavouritesports

C.Jane'sinterestingpetsD.Peter'shappyfamily

7

Mr.Brownis75yearsold.Helivesinasmallvillage（小村莊）.Mr.Brownhasthreesons,David,Jeffand

Stefan.Theyhavejobsinbigcities.Andtheydon'tcometoseeMr.Brownveryoften.Thesonsfeelsorryfortheir

father,sotheybuildabighouseforMr.Brown.Andtheygivehimalotofmoney.Butitdoesn*tmakeMr.Brown

happy,Heisalwayslonely.

ThereisaschoolnexttoMr.Brown'shouse.SomestudentsoftencomeandseeMr.Brown.Mr.Brownis

happytoseethem.

BeforeMr.Browndies（死亡）,hewantstogivehishouseandmoneytotheschool.Hesays,"Idon*twant

money.Iwantlove.Andthestudentsgiveittome.Loveisnotmoney,Loveiscompany（陪伴）

1.Mr.Brown*ssonsare

A.insmallcitiesB.inbigcitiesC.inasmallvillageD.inabigvillage

2.Mr.Brown'ssonsbuild_forhim.

A.ahouseB.aschoolC.ahotelD.afarm

3.Theunderlinedword"lonely”meansinChinese.

A.充實的B.有錢的C.自信的D.孤單的

oftencomeandseeMr.Brown.

A.Mr.Brown*ssonsB.SomestudentsMr.Brown'sstudentsD.Mr.Brown's

friends

Detective（偵探）Dinoisonholiday.Hetravelstoanothercityandgoesintoahotel.Thekeepergiveshima

one-bedroom.Alltheroomsonhisfloorareone-bedones.Thekeepersaystohim,“Oneroomisforoneperson

only.Don'tbringanyoneelsetoyourroom.Yourroomisonthethirdfloor."Dinotakestheroomandgoestothe

thirdfloor.

AyoungladylivesnextdoortoDino.WhenDinogoesbythelady'sroom,theladyistelephoningthekeeper.

Shesaysthatherwalletintheroomismissing.She'sjustbackfromthecinema.

Intheevening,someoneknocksonDino'sdoor.Heopensthedoor.Ayoungmanstandsinfrontofhim.

“Oh!Eh...Isn'titRoom408?”theyoungmanasks.

“No,itisRoom308.“Dinoanswers.

'Tmsorry."Dinoclosesthedoorandcallsthepolice.Thepolicecomeandcatchthemaninanotherone-bed

room.Heisthethief.

1.WhydoesDinogotoanothercity?

A.Tocatchthethief.B.Tomeetthekeeper.

C.Tohelptheyounglady.D.Toenjoyhisholiday.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthehotel?

A.Alltheroomsinthehotelareone-bedrooms.

B.Youcan'tlivewithothersinaone-bedrooms.

C.Onlymencangetone-bedroomsinthehotel.

D.TheroomnexttoDino'sisatwo-bedroom.

3.Whendoestheladyfindherwalletintheroommissing?

A.Whenthepolicecome.B.Whenthekeepertelephonesher.

C.WhenDinogoesbyherroom.D.Whenshecomesbackfromthecinema.

4.Thedetectivedoesafewthingsinthehotel.Whafstherightorder（M頁序）ofthem?

a.hearaladymakingacallb.gettheroomcardc.callthepoliced.talkwiththekeepere.meetayoungman

A.d-b-a-e-cB.b-d-a-e-cC.d-b-e-a-cD.b-d-e-a-c

5.Whatisa"thief'inChinese?

A.服務(wù)員B.客人C.小偷D.店主

9

HighSchoolMusicalTicketPlace:Huai9anGrandTheatre

Date:7:00p.m.Jan.20th

Number:6,Row9,Floor1

Price:RMB80

?Don'tbringanydangerousthings.

?Ifyou'relate,pleaseenterthetheatrequietly.

?Theuseofcamerasandvideosisnotallowed.

?Turnoffyourcellphonesorsetthemtovibrationmode（振動模式）.

?Pleasecheekyourseatnumberandbeseatedbeforetheplaybegins.

?Afterthetickethasbeensold（被售出），thereisnorefund.

1.Wecanenjoythemusicin________.GrandTheatre.

A.BeijingB.NanjingC.Huai9anD.Guangzhou

2.Theplaybeginsat

A.7:00a.m.B.9:00p.m.C.7:00p.m.D.9:00a.m.

3.Whatcan'twetakeintothetheatre?

A.Water.B.Food.C.Longknife.D.Cellphone.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Theseatnumberis9,Row6.

B.Thepriceoftheticketis￥80.

C.Iyouarelate,youcan'tenterthetheatre.

D.Youcantakephotosandvideosinthetheatre.

5.Theunderlinedword“refimd“means"

A.入場B.出場C.退票D.簽票

10

Formostpeople,theword“fhshion“m