目錄外研版必修1Unit5Intothewild 1PetsintheUK 1TheMonarch’sJourney 1AnEncounterwithNature 2譯文： 3詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練 4名校模擬試題閱讀 701野生動物的“第六感” 702病毒從動物到人的傳播途徑及變異 9真題閱讀 1201保護(hù)區(qū)黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀 1202美國不同尋常的時裝秀 14主題寫作訓(xùn)練——運(yùn)動健康相關(guān) 1601通知保護(hù)野生動物 1602保護(hù)瀕危動物 1703介紹大熊貓 1804最喜歡的動物 19外研版必修1Unit5IntothewildPetsintheUKHowmanypeopledoyouknowwithapet?Well.thereareanimalloversallaroundtheworld.Nearly50%ofBritishhomeshaveapetandtheyspendover1.9billionpoundsayearfeedingthem.Themostpopularpetanimalsarecatsanddogs.Thereareabout8millioncatsand8.5milliondogsintheUK.Icouldwalkoutfor2minutesandIcouldwalkbackintheroom,andmydogsareabsolutelyoverjoyedtoseeme.Theydon’tgivemeanytroubleatall.Theyarealwayshappy.AndIjustwanttogivethemthebestIcan.Thisismycat.HernameisLola.She’soneyearoldandIfeedhertwiceaday.BecausepeopleintheUKlikedogsandcatssomuch,therearespecialshowswherepeoplecometowatchthem.ThisisCruftsDogShow.ItisheldinMarcheveryyear.Dogscompetetobethebestinshow.Thedogscanalsotakepartinanagilitycoursewheretheymustrunoverdifferentobstacles.Thebestinshowwinsacupandahundredpounds.However,winningdogscanearnmuchlargersumsofmoneyadvertisingpetfood.OtherpopularpetsintheUKincludefishgardenponds,rabbits,guineapigsandthatarekeptinsideintanksandoutsidecagedbirds.AswellaslookingaftertheirownpetsmanyBritishpeoplesupportcharitiesthathelpprotectanimalsthroughouttheUK.ThemostimportantanimalcharityistheRSPCAtheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals.Thiswasfoundedin1824toimprovethelivesofworkinganimalssuchaspitponies,horsesthatwereusedincoalmines.Nowadaystheyhelplookafterallkindsofanimals,includingpetsfarmanimalsandanimalsinthewild.TheMonarch’sJourneyManyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisannualmovementiscalledmigration.Theymigratetofindfood,seekapartner,orinsearchofwarmerweather.OneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsinnatureisthatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.Everyautumn,millionsofthesebeautifulinsectswithfineblackandorangewingsbeginalonganddifficultjourney.Somehowtheymanagetotravelaround4,000kilometressouthandfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.However,untilrecentlynooneknewhowtheydidthis.AteamofscientistsledbyProfessorEliShlizermanattheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundtheanswer.Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofday.Itusesitseyestomeasurethepositionofthesun.Thesetwopiecesofinformation—thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky–allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch’samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.Itspopulationhascrashedbyasmuchas90percentinthelastfewyears.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Inmanyoftheplaceswherethebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedestroyingthenaturalenvironment.Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsthatmonarchcaterpillarseat.Theresearchonthemonarch’sbehaviourhashoweverledtoagreaterawarenessofthiscreature.Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforittofeedon.Ifthisworks,theremaycomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesincreasesonceagain.Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreature,thegreaterthechanceitwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome.AnEncounterwithNatureAsanaturephotographer,Ihavetobravetheelements.Butdespitethewindandtherain,Istillenjoyworkingoutsideinthewild.Oneofthebestthingsaboutthisjobisthatyoucanobserveanimalsintheirnaturalenvironment.MyfavouriteplacetotakephotosisYellowstoneNationalPark.Astheworld’sfirstnationalpark,Yellowstoneisfamousforthevarietyofitswildlife,butitisprobablybestknownforitsbears.Thesehuge,stronganimalscanlivefor30years.Despiteaweightofupto300kilograms,theycanrunataspeedofaround64kilometresperhourandarealsoexcellentswimmers.LastspringinYellowstone,Ifollowedapaththattookmethroughadarkforest.WhenIfinallysteppedoutofthetrees,theviewwasbreathtaking.Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains,whichwerereflectedinthestilllakebelow.WhileIwasconcentratingonphotographingthisamazingscene,IsuddenlyhadafeelingthatIwasbeingwatched.Slowly,andwiththecamerastillheldtomyeye,Iturned...andfroze.Onlymetersawayfrommewasabear.Withwaterfallingoffitsthick,brownhair,thebearstaredbackatme.TimestoodstillasthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst.Mylegsstartedshaking.Somehow,Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton.Asecondlater,thebearturnedandranbackintotheforest.WhenIrecoveredfromtheshock,Ilookedatmycamera.Mymostfrighteningbutmagicalexperiencewasnowcapturedforeverinasingleimage.FromtimetotimeIlookatthephotoasaremindertoshowrespecttoallanimals.Itisafterallwewhoarethevisitorstotheirworld.譯文：黑脈金斑蝶的旅程許多動物都會在每年的特定時間從一處遷移到另一處。這種一年一度的行為叫做“遷徙”。動物為了覓食、尋找配偶或溫暖的環(huán)境而遷徙。自然界中最為壯觀的遷徙之一是北美洲黑脈金斑蝶的遷徙。每年秋天，數(shù)百萬這種翅膀橙黑相間的美麗昆蟲都會開啟漫長且艱辛的旅程。它們總是能夠完成約4000公里的南行旅程，成功到達(dá)（美國）加利福尼亞州或墨西哥。然而，直到最近人們才明白它們是如何做到的。一支由伊萊·史萊澤曼教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的來自華盛頓大學(xué)的科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)現(xiàn)已找到了答案。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑脈金斑蝶可以判斷時間，并能用眼睛測量太陽的位置。這兩條信息——一天中的時刻和太陽在天空中的位置——讓黑脈金斑蝶能夠判定前進(jìn)方向，最終成功抵達(dá)過冬的地點(diǎn)。黑脈金斑蝶這一驚人能力的奧秘被揭開時，這一生物正處于水深火熱的生存狀態(tài)中。其數(shù)量在近年內(nèi)減少了百分之九十之多。不幸的是，人類活動是造成其數(shù)量下降的主要原因。在黑脈金斑蝶生存的許多地方，人們正破壞著那里的自然環(huán)境。他們砍伐樹木，他們所用的化學(xué)制劑殺死了黑脈金斑蝶幼蟲食用的植物。不過，對黑脈金斑蝶行為的研究也使得人們對這種生物有了更多的了解。人們已經(jīng)在共同努力，記錄它的遷徙，并確保它有足夠的食物。如果這些努力產(chǎn)生效果，黑脈金斑蝶的數(shù)量在未來有可能再次回升。我們對這種迷人的生物了解越多，它們在自然界中得以長久生存并保持其位置的可能性就越大。一次與自然的邂逅身為一名自然攝影師，我必須要風(fēng)雨無阻地行動。但盡管風(fēng)吹雨淋，我仍然享受在野外工作。這項(xiàng)工作的好處之一是你可以觀察到自然狀態(tài)下的動物。我最喜歡的拍攝地點(diǎn)是黃石國家公園。黃石公園是世界上第一個國家公園，因其野生生物的多樣性而聞名，不過其中最廣為人知的可能還是那里的熊。這種動物體型龐大，健壯有力，壽命長達(dá)30年。雖然體重最高可達(dá)300公斤，它們卻能以約64公里的時速奔跑，還非常擅長游泳。去年春天，我沿著黃石公園的一條小路穿過一片昏暗的森林。當(dāng)我終于走出森林，眼前的景色令人嘆為觀止。白雪皚皚的山峰倒映在山腳下平靜的湖面上，一只鷹掠過山頂。我正聚精會神地拍攝這驚人的景觀，突然感覺有什么在盯著我。我慢慢地轉(zhuǎn)身，相機(jī)還端在眼前……然后我僵住了。那是一頭熊，就在幾米開外。它也盯著我，厚厚的棕色皮毛滴著水珠。時間凝固了，我和熊都等著看誰會先動。我的雙腿開始顫抖。但我竟然還硬是按下了快門。一秒鐘過后，那頭熊轉(zhuǎn)身跑回了森林。等我從震驚中緩過神來，我查看了相機(jī)。這個可怕至極卻又如此神奇的經(jīng)歷已經(jīng)被永遠(yuǎn)地定格在一張照片中。我不時地會看看這張照片，提醒自己尊重所有的動物。畢竟，我們才是他們世界的訪客。詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練1.charity/?t??r?ti/n.慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，慈善團(tuán)體請翻譯：為了為貧困地區(qū)的孩子上學(xué)籌集資金，學(xué)生會將舉行慈善義賣。Inordertoraisemoneyforthekidsinpoorareastogotoschool,theStudents’Unionwillholdacharitysale.2.determine /d??t??m?n/v.測定，確定請翻譯：在他的鼓勵下，我決心為我的夢想更加努力。Encouragedbyhim,I’mdeterminedtoworkharderformydream.3.eventually/??vent?u?li/adv.終于，最終請翻譯：此外，每當(dāng)我在某些事情上與父母意見不一致時，我們的談話最終會變成激烈的爭論。Besides,wheneverIcannotseeeyetoeyewithmyparentsonsomething,ourconversationwilleventuallyturnintoaheatedargument.4.solution /s??lu??n/ n.解決，解決方法請翻譯：更重要的是，你最好在遇到困難時和老師談?wù)?，因?yàn)槔蠋熆偸怯凶约旱姆椒▉斫鉀Q學(xué)生的問題。What’smore,you’dbetterhaveatalkwithyourteacherwhenintrouble,forteachersalwayshavetheirownwaystofindsolutionstostudents’problems.5.destroy/d??str??/v. 破壞，毀掉請翻譯：導(dǎo)游告訴我，這座美麗的城市肯定被1906年發(fā)生的一場可怕的地震摧毀了。Theguidetoldmethatthisbeautifulcitywasdefinitelydestroyedbyaterribleearthquakethatoccurredin1906.6.survive/s??va?v/v. 活下來，幸存請翻譯：最后，他給了我們一些關(guān)于如何在大火中幸存下來的實(shí)用建議。Lastly,hegaveussomepracticaladviceonhowtosurviveabigfire.7.effect/??fekt/ n.影響，結(jié)果請翻譯：這些講座對我們高中生產(chǎn)生了積極而深遠(yuǎn)的影響，因?yàn)槲覀兇蠖鄬ξ磥砩鐣ξ覀兊钠谕粺o所知。Thelectureshaveapositiveandfar-reachingeffectonushighschoolstudentsgiventhatwearemostlyill-informedofwhatisexpectedofusinthefuturesociety.8.accommodation/??k?m??de??n/n.住處，工作場所請翻譯：您為我們安排的舒適住宿和一流的當(dāng)?shù)孛朗辰o我們留下了深刻印象。Weweredeeplyimpressedbythecomfortableaccommodationandthesuperblocalcuisineyouarrangedforus.9.authority /???θ?r?ti/n.當(dāng)權(quán)，權(quán)力請翻譯：在某種程度上，孫悟空是叛逆的，但他總是說真話，即使面對權(quán)力或權(quán)威，這是我認(rèn)為孫悟空最喜歡的角色的最重要原因。Tosomeextent,SunWukongisrebellious,buthisalwaysspeakingthetruth,eveninthefaceofthepowerorauthority,isthemostimportantreasonwhyIconsiderSunasmyfavoritecharacter.10.recover/r??k?v?(r)/v.(從糟糕經(jīng)歷中)恢復(fù)請翻譯：我堅(jiān)信，在全國人民的共同努力下，中國將贏得這場戰(zhàn)斗，并迅速恢復(fù)。I’mdefinitelyconvincedthatwithjointeffortsofthewholenation,Chinawillwinthebattleandmakeaquickrecovery.11.encounter /?n?ka?nt?(r)/ n.意外地遇見，與...邂逅請翻譯：我的建議是，當(dāng)你遇到可能的問題時，保持開放的心態(tài)。Myadviceistostayopen-mindedwhenyouencounterpossibleproblems.12.breathtaking /?breθte?k??/adj.令人驚嘆的請翻譯：為了報答你的好意，我想邀請你今年暑假去杭州旅游，那里以驚人的風(fēng)景和文化景點(diǎn)而聞名。Inreturnforyourkindness,I’dliketoinviteyoutotravelinHangzhouthissummervacation,whichisfamousforitsbreathtakingsceneryandculturalsites.13.concentrate/?k?nsntre?t/ v.專注，專心請翻譯：所以一些乘客建議他專心開車，但他沒有注意。Sosomepassengersadvisedhimtoconcentrateondriving,buthedidn’tpayanyattention.14.reaction /ri??k?n/ n.(對某一情形或事件的)反應(yīng)請翻譯：注射后，建議在現(xiàn)場停留30分鐘，以確保您沒有相關(guān)反應(yīng)。Aftergettingtheinjection,it’srecommendedtoremainatthesitefor30minutestomakesureyoudonothaveaconcerningreaction.名校模擬試題閱讀01野生動物的“第六感”WildanimalsseemtohaveescapedtheIndianOceantsunami,addingweighttoideasthattheypossessa“sixthsense”fordisasters,expertssaidonThursday.SriLankawildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastseeminglymissedwildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound.“Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening.”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLankan’sWildlifeDepartment,saidonWednesday.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto3km(2miles)inlandatYaleNationalParkinthesoutheast,SriLankan’sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephants.“Therehasbeenalotofevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,”saidMatthewvanLeroy,ananimalbehaviorspecialistatJohannesburgZoo.“Therehavebeennospecificstudiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting.”hesaid.Otherauthoritiesagreedwiththisconclusion.“Wildlifeseemstobeabletopickupcertainphenomenon,especiallybirds.Therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingcomingdisasters.”saidCliveWalker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators(食肉動物).Theideaofananimal“sixthsense”isalastingonethattheevidenceonSriLankan’sdamagedcoastislikelytoaddto.24.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.whyanimalscansavethemfromnaturaldisastersB.thedifferentopinionsaboutanimalsnaturalpowerC.howtoprotectthewildlifewhendisasterhappensD.thedamagethatwascausedintheIndianOceantsunami25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext？A.Ithasbeenprovedthatanimalshavea“sixthsense”.B.It’sgenerallyconsideredthatanimalscansensethecomingofdisasters.C.Researchhasbeenmadeonthespecialmovementsofanimalsbeforedisasters.D.AnimalshavedependedontheknownsensestoescapetheIndianOceantsunami.26.Whatdoestheterm“sixthsense”inthetextmeans?A.Itistheanimal’simaginationinthebrain.B.Itisakindofsensethatisthesameassmellorhearing.C.Itisthenaturalabilityofanimalsthatcansavethemfromdanger.D.Itissomehiddenpowertosayinadvancethatsomethingwillhappen.27.Whichsectiondoesthetextmostprobablyappearinanewspaper?A.NewsReport. B.Culture. C.ScienceFiction. D.Discovery.【24~27題答案】【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，野生動物憑借自己的“第六感”逃過了自然災(zāi)害，并具體分析了這一現(xiàn)象的原因?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀文章，結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容“WildanimalsseemtohaveescapedtheIndianOceantsunami,addingweighttoideasthattheypossessa“sixthsense”fordisasters,expertssaidonThursday.”（周四，專家表示，野生動物似乎已經(jīng)逃過了印度洋海嘯，這為他們對災(zāi)難擁有“第六感”的觀點(diǎn)增添了砝碼。）可知，作者在第一段中介紹了野生動物似乎已經(jīng)逃過了印度洋海嘯這一現(xiàn)象，并在后文介紹了為什么動物能把它們自己從自然災(zāi)害中拯救出來，它們所擁有的“第六感”是什么，由此可知，這篇文章主要講述的是為什么動物能把它們自己從自然災(zāi)害中拯救出來。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容““Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening.”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLankan’sWildlifeDepartment,saidonWednesday.”（“沒有大象死亡，甚至連死野兔或死家兔也沒有。我認(rèn)為動物能感覺到災(zāi)難。它們有第六感。它們知道事情發(fā)生的時間?！彼估锾m卡野生動物部副主任H.D.Ratnayake周三說。）和第四段關(guān)鍵句““Therehasbeenalotofevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,”saidMatthewvanLeroy,ananimalbehaviorspecialistatJohannesburgZoo.”（約翰內(nèi)斯堡動物園的動物行為專家MatthewvanLeroy說：“有很多證據(jù)表明，在火山爆發(fā)或地震之前會出現(xiàn)狗吠或鳥類遷徙。但這一點(diǎn)尚未得到證實(shí)?！保┛芍?，文章中列舉了一些動物專家的觀點(diǎn)，例如斯里蘭卡野生動物部副主任H.D.Ratnayake認(rèn)為動物能感覺到災(zāi)難，翰內(nèi)斯堡動物園的動物行為專家MatthewvanLeroy認(rèn)為在火山爆發(fā)或地震之前會出現(xiàn)狗吠或鳥類遷徙，由此可推斷出，人們普遍認(rèn)為動物能感覺到災(zāi)難的來臨。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容““Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening.”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLankan’sWildlifeDepartment,saidonWednesday.”（“沒有大象死亡，甚至連死野兔或死家兔也沒有。我認(rèn)為動物能感覺到災(zāi)難。它們有第六感。它們知道事情發(fā)生的時間。”斯里蘭卡野生動物部副主任H.D.Ratnayake周三說。）可知，H.D.Ratnayake認(rèn)為動物有第六感，正因如此，它們能感覺到災(zāi)難，能預(yù)測災(zāi)難發(fā)生的時間，由此可知，文章中的“sixthsense”指某種能夠提前預(yù)測某事會發(fā)生的隱藏的力量。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀文章，結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容“WildanimalsseemtohaveescapedtheIndianOceantsunami,addingweighttoideasthattheypossessa“sixthsense”fordisasters,expertssaidonThursday.”（周四，專家表示，野生動物似乎已經(jīng)逃過了印度洋海嘯，這為他們對災(zāi)難擁有“第六感”的觀點(diǎn)增添了砝碼。）可知，這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，野生動物憑借自己的“第六感”逃過了自然災(zāi)害，并具體分析了這一現(xiàn)象的原因，由此可知，這是科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于動物和自然的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，更可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的“發(fā)現(xiàn)”版面。故選D項(xiàng)。02病毒從動物到人的傳播途徑及變異Everyanimalspeciescarriesuniquevirusesthathavespecificallyadaptedtoinfectingit.Overtime,someofthesehavejumpedtohumans—theseareknownas“zoonotic”viruses.Asthepopulationgrows,wemoveintowildareas,whichbringsusintomorefrequentcontactwithanimalswedon’tnormallyhavecontactwith.Thusvirusescanjumpfromanimalstohumansandtheycanspreadbetweenhumans,throughclosecontactwithbodyfluids(體液)likebloodorurine.Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it’srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.Whenthisdoeshappen,it’sbychance,anditusuallyrequiresalargeamountofcontactwiththevirus.Initially,thevirusisusuallynotwell-suitedtoitsnewhostanddoesn’tspreadeasily.Overtime,however,itcanevolveinthenewhosttoproducevariantsthatarebetteradapted.Whenvirusesjumptoanewhostaprocesscalledzoonosis,theyoftencausemoreseveredisease.Thisisbecausevirusesandtheirinitialhostshaveevolvedtogether,andthespecieshastimetobuildupresistance.Thenewhostspecies,ontheotherhand,mightnothaveevolvedtheabilitytotackle(應(yīng)對)thevirus.Forexample,whenwecomeintocontactwithbatsandtheirviruses,wemaydeveloprabiesorEbolavirusdisease,whilethebatsthemselvesarelessaffected.It’slikelythatbatsaretheoriginalsourceofthreerecentlyemergedcoronaviruses:SARS-CoV(2003),MERS-CoV(2012)andSARS-CoV-2.Allofthesejumpfrombatstohumansviaanintermediateanimal;inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins(穿山甲),butmoreresearchisneeded.12.Whyisitrareforavirustoinfectanotherspecies?AThenewhostcandealwiththevirus.B.Thenewspeciesbuildsupresistance.C.Everyviruscan’tadapttothenewspecies.D.Eachvirusdevelopstotargetaspecificspecies.13.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theresistanceoftheoldspecies.B.Theabilityofthenewhostspecies.C.Theprocessoftheviralinfection.D.Thereasonforthevirusvariation.14.Whichofthefollowingvirusesaremostlikelytohostinpangolins?A.SARS-CoV. B.SARS-CoV-2.C.Notmentioned. D.MERS-CoV.15.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?AHumansshouldnotmoveintowildareas.B.Wildanimalsareactuallyourbestfriends.C.Aviruscanspreadfromanimalstohumans.D.Aviruscanvarytoinfectanotherspecies.【12~15題答案】【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章從科學(xué)認(rèn)知的角度說明了病毒從動物到人的傳播途徑以及病毒發(fā)生變異的情況。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第一句“Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it’srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.(因?yàn)槊恳环N病毒進(jìn)化到以特定物種為目標(biāo)，所以一種病毒能夠跳到另一種物種上是很罕見的)”可知，一種病毒感染另一種物種是很罕見的，因?yàn)槊糠N病毒都是針對特定的物種進(jìn)化的。故選D?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第五段第一句“Whenvirusesjumptoanewhost,aprocesscalledzoonosis,theyoftencausemoreseveredisease.(當(dāng)病毒跳到一個新的宿主，這個過程被稱為人畜共患病，它們通常會引起更嚴(yán)重的疾病)”可知，病毒寄存到新的宿主身上后，將會導(dǎo)致更加嚴(yán)重的疾??；再根據(jù)后半段的解釋可知，這是因?yàn)椴《竞退鼈兊某跏妓拗饕黄疬M(jìn)化，物種有時間積累抗藥性。另一方面，新的宿主物種可能沒有進(jìn)化出對付病毒的能力。因此此段主要說的是病毒變異的原因。A項(xiàng)“原物種的抵抗力”、B項(xiàng)“新宿主物種的能力”以及C項(xiàng)“病毒感染的過程”均不符合本段大意。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章最后一段中的“Allofthesejumpfrombatstohumansviaanintermediateanimal;inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins(穿山甲),butmoreresearchisneeded.(所有這些都是通過一種中間動物從蝙蝠傳染給人類的；在SARS-CoV-2的案例中，可能是穿山甲，但還需要更多的研究)”可知，穿山甲可能是病毒SARS-CoV-2傳播的中間宿主。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了病毒能夠從動物傳播到人類，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人類不應(yīng)該到荒涼的地區(qū)”的說法過于極端，不能因?yàn)楹ε虏《揪妥柚股鐣l(fā)展，故表述錯誤；B項(xiàng)“野生動物其實(shí)是我們最好的朋友”不是本文所要傳達(dá)的信息；D項(xiàng)信息與原文不符，病毒是在新的宿主身上才逐漸變異的，而不是為了傳染其他物種才變異的。故選C。真題閱讀01保護(hù)區(qū)黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.5.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現(xiàn)狀?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章第一段“shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve(她成為該保護(hù)區(qū)出生的第40頭黑犀牛)”以及文章倒數(shù)第二段“Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.(他的母親、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保護(hù)區(qū)，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保護(hù)區(qū)的繁育計(jì)劃使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，這計(jì)劃是成功的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.(她很健康，很強(qiáng)壯，已經(jīng)渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，PaulBeer認(rèn)為新生的犀牛身體狀況很好。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第一段“WhenthetinvcreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日，當(dāng)這頭小犀牛來到保護(hù)區(qū)時，她成為了第40頭在保護(hù)區(qū)出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒數(shù)第二段“ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日，犀牛媽媽Kisima分娩的第一頭小犀牛，同時也是第一個出生在PortLympne，體重約為32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一個孩子都是在一月份出生的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判斷這些小犀牛是否會成為返回野生保護(hù)區(qū)的好的候選者還為時過早)”可推知，PonLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的一些犀?？赡軙凰偷揭吧Ｗo(hù)區(qū)。故選D項(xiàng)。02美國不同尋常的時裝秀Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave（showcased）nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物種）.It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.

Whyarescientistsconcerned

about

nutria?A.

Nutria

damage

the

ecosystem

seriously.B.Nutria

are

an

endangered

species.C.Nutriahurt

local

cat-sized

animals.D.Nutria

are

illegallyhunted.30.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“collapsed”

in

paragraph

5

probably

mean?A.

Boomed. B.

Became

mature.

C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.31.

What

can

we

infer

abouf

wearing

fur

in

New

York

according

to

Morgan?A.

It’s

formal. B.

It’s

risky. C.

It’s

harmful. D.

It’s

traditional.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設(shè)計(jì)師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉措，科學(xué)家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔(dān)憂?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀，時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風(fēng)格的衣服，項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)CreeMcCree說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談?wù)摕o罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以判斷出由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藫?dān)心以至于他們決定按照一條海貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂海貍鼠們嚴(yán)重破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故選A。【30題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的控制，但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市場在20世紀(jì)80年代末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，根據(jù)but判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認(rèn)為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，根據(jù)模特摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風(fēng)險的。故選B。主題寫作訓(xùn)練——運(yùn)動健康相關(guān)01通知保護(hù)野生動物假定你是你校英語社社長，請你寫一則英文通知，請全校師生來參加關(guān)于如何保護(hù)野生動物的一場英文報告，內(nèi)容包括：1.報告的時間和地點(diǎn)；2.報告主要內(nèi)容；3.歡迎老師同學(xué)們來參加。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.通知的首尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。NoticeDearteachersandschoolmates,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheEnglishClub【答案】NoticeDearteachersandschoolmates,Toraisetheawarenessofprotectingwildanimals,theEnglishClubwillholdalectureintheschoolauditoriumfrom3p.m.to5p.m.onFriday.Thelecturewillfirstrevolvearoundsometypicalcasesofendangeredwildanimalsbeingkilledwithoutmercy.Itaimstodeliverthemessagetothestudentsandteacherspresentthatdestroyingthemmeansdestroyingushumanbeingsbecausetheyareanindispensablepartofourecosystemandplayanirreplaceableroleinthebalanceofnature.Then,someeffectivemeasurestakenbythegovernmentandindividualswillbeintroducedwiththepurposeofappealingforeveryone’sactiveparticipationinprotectingwildanimals.Last,therewillbeaninteractivesessionrightafterthelecture.Whoevershowsinterestiswelcometoattendit.Hopefully,youcantakeanactivepartinthelectureandgivesomevaluableadviceonwildlifeprotectionaswell.Foranyinquiries,pleasefeelfreetocontactus.TheEnglishClub02保護(hù)瀕危動物我校即將舉行主題為保護(hù)野生瀕危動物的演講比賽，你想?yún)⒓舆@個比賽，請寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括:1.野生動物的現(xiàn)狀;2.造成野生動物減少的原因;3.你的呼吁注意：詞數(shù)80左右可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫Helloeveryone,________________________