【英語】高考英語試題真題分類匯編閱讀理解一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?A.

Theyareexpensive.

B.

Theycandegradenaturally.C.

Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.

D.

Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.

TizianoisfromGermany.

B.

Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.C.

Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.

D.

TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.

Theairpollution.

B.

Theediblecutlery.C.

Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.

D.

Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.

Themeasurestostopthepollution.

B.

Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.C.

Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..

D.

Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了飲食和環(huán)境的問題，并且提出了相應的解決方法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂貴”不是edibleplates的優(yōu)勢。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞，同時也給政府帶來了數(shù)百萬的垃圾管理。塑料袋經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在垃圾填埋場或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會導致有毒氣體污染空氣。作為對此的回應，世界各國政府正在出臺嚴格的回收法規(guī)。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾對環(huán)境造成的破壞?！惫蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文講述的是飲食和環(huán)境問題的解決方案。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Notre-Dame,thecathedral(大教堂)thatservesasoneofParis'smostbelovedmonuments,isonfire.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,thefirebeganaround6:30p.m.localtime,whentouristsurgentlyrushedoutofthebuilding.WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhiledamagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic（災難性的）.

CNNreportsthatover400firefightershavebeensenttofightthefire,butthattheymaybeunabletosavethecathedral.Builtinthe12thcentury,Notre-DamehousesseveralrelicsimportanttoCatholics(天主教徒).NBCNewsreportsthatrelicsfromSaintGenevieveandSaintDenismaybeenlost,togetherwitharelicbelievedtobefromJesusChrist'scrownofthorns,butitstatesthatauthoritiesnowbelievethatthecathedralhasbeensavedfrom“totaldestruction”.

Notre-Dameisvisitedbyareported30,000peopleadayand13millionpeopleperyear.Itsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturalloss."Thisisjusthorrible",MohamedMegdoul,33,afilmproducerandwitnesstothefiretoldTheTimes,speakingthroughtears."Athousandyearsofhistoryisbeingwipedaway.Thisbelongedtothewholeworld,andnowit'sdisappearing."

FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronexpressedhissadnessonTwitter."Notre-DameofParisinflames,"readsanEnglishtranslationofhisstatement."Emotionforawholenation.ThoughtsforallCatholicsandforalltheFrench.Likeallourcountrymen,I'msadtogethertoseethispartofusburn."Otherpoliticians,includingMelanisTrump,LondonMayorSadiqKhan,U.K.PrimeMinisterTheresaMayalsosharedtheirsadnessonTwitter.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutNotre-Dameaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasbeencompletelydestroyedbythefire.B.It'sahugepoliticallosstotheworld.C.It'sonlymeaningfultoCatholics.D.Thereasonofthefireremainedtobefoundout.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?A.ThehistoryofFranceisdestroyedbecauseofthefire.B.Thelossthefirecausedishuge.C.ThedamageofNotre-Dameisbeingwipedoff.D.Thecathedralhasbeensavedfrom"totaldestruction".（3）What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.ToreportadisasterofNotre-Dame.B.Toexpresspeople'ssadnessofthedestruction.C.ToemphasizethevalueofNotre-Dame.D.Toshowtheconcernsfromtheworldwide.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了舉世聞名的法國巴黎圣母院發(fā)生火災的相關信息。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhiledamagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic（災難性的）”這起火災的原因還不得而知,對建筑的破壞是災難性的，并沒有說建筑被完全破壞了。故選D。（2）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturalloss‘Athousandyearsofhistoryisbeingwipedaway.’”可知,它的毀滅代表了全球文化的損失。MohamedMegdoul說道：這很糟糕，一千年的歷史就這樣被破壞殆盡。wipeaway“擦掉，破壞殆盡”。由此判斷出這就話顯示了火災造成的損失是巨大的。故選B。（3）考查寫作意圖?？v觀全文可知，本文是一篇新聞報道，文章報道了舉世聞名的法國巴黎圣母院發(fā)生火災的相關信息。因此本文的目的在于報導巴黎圣母院遭遇的巨大災難。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

LIANGTAOsold80pinkGivenchybagsin12minutes.BeckyFangsold100MiniCoopercarsinjustfive.Botharewanghong,literally“red-hotontheweb”.EverydaymillionsofChinesesearchsocialmediaforwanghongpostsortuneintolive-streamsforwanghong'sopinionsoneverything.ThefansarehelpingthisnewChineseInternetstartomakemoneyoutoftheirpopularity—andtoshakeupthecountry'se-commerceindustryintheprocess.

Afewofwanghonghavebeenhiredbyluxurybrands.Jaeger-LeCoultre,aSwisswatchmaker,hiredPapiJiangforavideoadtargetingyoungurbanites(都市人),includingher27mfansonSinaWeibo,aTwitter-likemicroblog.ZhangYiofiiMediaResearch,aconsultingfirm,estimatesthatupto15%ofsalesonshoppingsiteslikeTaobaoorsocial-mediaappssuchasWeChatareinfluencedbywanghong'spublicsupport.Thelengthofadressmightbedecidedbyasurveyofawanghong'sfans;itslaunchdatemightbebasedonthenumberofhits,sharesorcommentsitcollects,someofwhichcancauselast-minutedesignchanges.

Thisposesanewchallengeforretailers(零售商),whosesupplychainsmustrespondevermorequicklytowanghong'sopinions.Whereaspreviouslyacompanywouldlookforacelebritytomatchitsimage,wanghongandtheiradmirersareshapinggoods.

Anotherchallengecomesdirectlyfromwanghongthemselves.Theyincreasinglymakemoneynotmerelyfromonlinesupportoradvicebutbylaunchingtheirowne-commercestores.Salesofgoodsaccountedforjustunderhalfofwanghongearningsof53bnyuan($8bn)in2016,estimatesAnalysys,aChinesemarket-researchfirm(therestcamemostlyfromlive-showtipsandadverts).

Somewanghongaregoingastepfurther.InNovemberBeckyFanglaunchedherownclothingline.Partofhermotivation,shesays,wasthatthebrandsshesupporteddidnotalwaysmatchthetrendsshewassharingwithherfollowers.Bycreatingherownbrand,Becky'sFantasy,shehavefullcontrolofthequality.Shealsogainsanewincome.Forthetimebeingonly3-5%ofwanghongfollowBeckyFang'sexample,iiMediaResearchestimates.Butitexpectsthemodeltobecomeanindustryinitsownright,includingentertainmentande-commerce,anddrivenbyonlinedata.（1）Whycanwanghongusetheirpopularitytomakemoney?A.

BecausetheyareInternetstars.

B.

Becausetheyusesocialmedia.C.

Becausetheiropinionsinfluencefans.

D.

Becausetheycanshakethee-commerceindustry.（2）Whatisthecharacteristicoftheproductssupportedbywanghong?A.

Itisfans-based.

B.

Itissocial-media-based.C.

Itisdesign-shared.

D.

Itisyouth-targeted.（3）Whatarethechallengesforretailers?A.

Onlinesupportandadvice.

B.

Increasingsalesofgoodsonline.C.

Quickresponsestothemarketchanges.

D.

Wanghong'sopinionsande-commercestores.（4）Whydosomewanghongcreatetheirownbrands?A.

Becausetheywanttoattractmorefans.

B.

Becausetheywanttosharewiththeirfollowers.C.

Becausetheywanttosetupanewindustrymodel.

D.

Becausethebrandstheyspeakforcan'tsatisfytheirfans.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了網(wǎng)紅正在利用自身的人氣幫助一些品牌銷售，在這個過程中撼動中國的電子商務行業(yè)。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Botharewanghong,literally‘red-hotontheweb’.EverydaymillionsofChinesesearchsocialmediaforwanghongpostsortuneintolive-streamsforwanghong'sopinionsoneverything.ThefansarehelpingthisnewChineseInternetstartomakemoneyoutoftheirpopularity”可知，網(wǎng)紅會利用自己的人氣賺錢，那是因為他們的觀點影響著粉絲。故選C。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thelengthofadressmightbedecidedbyasurveyofawanghong'sfans;itslaunchdatemightbebasedonthenumberofhits,sharesorcommentsitcollects,someofwhichcancauselast-minutedesignchanges.”可知，網(wǎng)紅所支持的產(chǎn)品的特點是以粉絲為基礎的。故選A。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisposesanewchallengeforretailers(零售商),whosesupplychainsmustrespondevermorequicklytowanghong'sopinions.”和第四段中的“Anotherchallengecomesdirectlyfromwanghongthemselves.Theyincreasinglymakemoneynotmerelyfromonlinesupportoradvicebutbylaunchingtheirowne-commercestores.”可知，網(wǎng)紅的觀點和他們開設的網(wǎng)上商店是對零售商的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。(4)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Partofhermotivation,shesays,wasthatthebrandsshesupporteddidnotalwaysmatchthetrendsshewassharingwithherfollowers.Bycreatingherownbrand,Becky'sFantasy,shehavefullcontrolofthequality.”可知，網(wǎng)紅之所以創(chuàng)造他們自己的品牌是因為他們代言的品牌不能滿足他們的粉絲。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的同時，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Justafewyearsoutoflawschool,IdecidedthatIwantedtowritefictions.TheonlythingIhadeverpublishedbeforewasalaw-reviewarticle.IhadmadegreateffortstowritewhenIcamehomeatnightafterwork,butIwastootired.Idecidedtoquitmyjob.

IbeganmynewlifeonaFebruarymorning.Isatdownatmykitchentableat7:30amandmadearesolution.EverydayIwouldwriteuntillunchtime.ThenIwouldliedownonthefloorfor20minutestorestmymind.Afterthat,Iwouldreturntoworkforafewmorehours.

Inmyfirstyear,Isoldtwostories.ThenIwroteanovel,butIthoughtitwasn'tgoodenough,soIendedupputtingitinadrawer.Mysecondnovel,BillyLynn'sLongHalftimeWalk,waspublishedtoglowingreviewsandreceivedtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardforfiction.

Mysuccesssoundslikeafamiliarstory,butactuallyitwasfarfromsudden.Iquitmyjob,andforeverystoryIpublishedinthoseyears,Ihadatleast30rejections.ThenovelthatIputawayinthedrawertookmyfouryears.Mybreakthroughcamein2006,18yearsafterIfirstsatdowntowriteatmykitchentable.

Sometimesgenius(天才)isjustthethingthatcomesoutafter20yearsofworkingatyourkitchen.Also,doingsomethingtrulycreativerequirestheenergyofyouth.OrsonWellesmadehismasterpiece,CitizenKan,at25.T.S.EliotwroteTheLoveSongofJ.AfredPrufrockat23.（1）Whendidtheauthordecidetodevotehimselftowritingfictions?A.

Whenhewastiredfromhiswork.

B.

Straightaftergraduationfromlawschool.C.

Onbeinginformedhislaw-reviewarticlecameout.

D.

Whenhishobbywasdisturbedbyhiswork.（2）Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor

.A.

ledawealthylife

B.

arrangedhislifereasonablyC.

wastoodiligenttorelaxhimself

D.

remainedsingle（3）Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellusinthispassage?A.

Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

B.

Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.C.

Itisnevertoooldtolearn.

D.

Itisthefirststepthatcoststroublesome.（4）WhydidtheauthorgivetheexampleofOrsonWellesandT.S.Eliot?A.

Tomakeacomparisonbetweenthemandhimself.

B.

Toshowcreativityneedsenergyandefforts.C.

Topersuadethereadersoftheirgreattalents.

D.

Torecommendtheirtwomasterpieces.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過講述自己成功的經(jīng)歷，進一步證實了“失敗是成功之母”的道理。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“IhadmadegreateffortstowritewhenIcamehomeatnightafterwork,butIwastootired.Idecidedtoquitmyjob.”可知，當他的愛好被他的工作打擾時，作者決定投身于寫作小說。故選D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“IbeganmynewlifeonaFebruarymorning.Isatdownatmykitchentableat7:30amandmadearesolution.EverydayIwouldwriteuntillunchtime.ThenIwouldliedownonthefloorfor20minutestorestmymind.Afterthat,Iwouldreturntoworkforafewmorehours.”可知，我們可以從第二段推斷出作者合理安排了他的生活。故選B。(3)考查目的意圖。根據(jù)第四段中的“Mysuccesssoundslikeafamiliarstory,butactuallyitwasfarfromsudden.Iquitmyjob,andforeverystoryIpublishedinthoseyears,Ihadatleast30rejections.ThenovelthatIputawayinthedrawertookmyfouryears.Mybreakthroughcamein2006,18yearsafterIfirstsatdowntowriteatmykitchentable.”可推知，失敗是成功之母。故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sometimesgenius(天才)isjustthethingthatcomesoutafter20yearsofworkingatyourkitchen.Also,doingsomethingtrulycreativerequirestheenergyofyouth.OrsonWellesmadehismasterpiece,CitizenKan,at25.T.S.EliotwroteTheLoveSongofJ.AfredPrufrockat23.”可知，作者引用OrsonWellesandT.S.Eliot的例子是為了要表現(xiàn)出創(chuàng)造力需要能量和努力。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和目的意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。5．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。It'salmostcampseason!

Summeriswonderful.Summeratoneofthefollowingawesomecamps?Evenmorewonderful.TahosaHighAdventureBase

Location:Ward,Colorado

Peoplepuzzle:Tahosa'sropescoursesaresomeofthenation'sbest.Useyourhands,feetandbrainstotakeuphigh-flyingchallengesandovercomeyourfears.Flyfishingat9,000feet?Yes.Fishinglicensesorexperienceneeded?No,sir!

Chooseyouradventure:Goall-inclusive,wherethestaffpreparesmealsandrunstheprogram,ortakecontrolandplanyourperfectweek.Thechoiceisyours.CampRaymond

Location:Parks,Arizona

Don'tlookdown:Whenlookingupatthestars,lightpollutionisyourenemy.ButCampRaymond'slocationandelevation(海拔)of6,700feetofferperfectconditionsforseeingotherwiseinvisiblestars.

That'scool:Don'tforgetyourcameraandajacket.Duringtheday,youcouldspotbearsanddeer.Atnight,temperaturescanfallsharply.Hotcocoaatsummercamp?Cool.PamlicoSeaBase

Location:BlountsCreek,NorthCarolina.

Gocoastal:ExploretheCarolinacoastbyboat.Youchoosetheroute,andPamlicoprovidestheequipment.Keepaneyeoutforwildhorses,lighthousesandboatloadsoffish.

Setsail:Evenifyoudon'tknowthedifferencebetweenstarboardandstar-lord,Pamlico'ssailingjourneywillmakeyouafirst-ratesailorinnotime.You'llevenpracticefindingyourwayusingthestars.BaseCamp

Location:St.Paul,Minnesota

Bigupgrade:Whathappenswhenyouchangea1907cavalrydrillhall(騎兵訓練場)intoanadventuredestinationintheheartofthecity?YougetBaseCampforovernightlock-ins,weekendretreats(隱居處)andsummercamp.

Insideout:MostofBaseCampisindoors,meaningtheactivitieslikeclimbingwallscanbeundertakenonwinter'scoldestdays.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutTahosaHighAdventureBase?A.

Itrequiresfishinglicenses

B.

ItofferslessonsonflyingaplaneC.

It'sacampthatisintendedforbravekids

D.

Itisacampwhereyoucansetyourownpace（2）WhatcanbelearnedinPamlicoSeaBase?A.

Howtotellstarboardfromstar-lord

B.

HowtochoosecampingequipmentC.

Howtousethestarsfordirections

D.

Howtomakeaboatonyourown（3）Inwhichcampcankidsclimbwallsinsideonwinterdays?A.

BaseCamp.

B.

CampRaymond.C.

PamlicoSeaBase.

D.

TahosaHighAdventureBase.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四個精彩的·夏令營活動。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TahosaHighAdventureBase部分中的“Chooseyouradventure:Goall-inclusive,wherethestaffpreparesmealsandrunstheprogram,ortakecontrolandplanyourperfectweek.Thechoiceisyours.”可知，TahosaHighAdventureBase是一個你可以設定自己節(jié)奏的營地。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PamlicoSeaBase部分中的“Setsail:Evenifyoudon’tknowthedifferencebetweenstarboardandstar-lord,Pamlico’ssailingjourneywillmakeyouafirst-ratesailorinnotime.You’llevenpracticefindingyourwayusingthestars.”可知，在PamlicoSeaBase你能學到如何使用星星來指引方向。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)BaseCamp部分中的“Insideout:MostofBaseCampisindoors,meaningtheactivitieslikeclimbingwallscanbeundertakenonwinter’scoldestdays.”可知，在冬天，孩子們可以在BaseCamp營地里爬墻。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解個題型的考查，是一篇廣告類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.Exceptforitsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.It'salmostleafless,thread-likestemshangdownontopofotherplantsthatdodderneedstostayalive.Dodderdoesnotproduceitsownfood.Instead,itstealsfoodfromotherplants.Itfeedsbysuckingjuicesfromtheplantwhichiswrappedaround,oftenmakingitshostveryweakorevenkillingit.

Doddercanfindotherplantsbytheirsmell.Whenayoungdodderplantstartsgrowing,itfollowsthesmellofplantsitprefers,liketomatoplants,potatoplants,orotherfarmcrops.Unlikemostplantsthatusuallygrowinthedirectionoflightorwarmth,adodderplantwillgrowinthedirectionof,forexample,tomatosmell—ifatomatohappenstobegrowingnearby.

However,ayoungdodderplantmustfindahostplantquickly.Itnolongerneedsitsrootonceitisattachedtothehostandwrappedaroundit.Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhostwithinafewdays,itwilldryupandvanishevenifthereisplentyofwateraround.Onceitfindsahost,theyoungdodderplantwillattachitselftoitandstartgrowingfaster.Atthatpointthedodderplantwilldropitsroot.

Dodderisthusadifficultweedtomanageandarealheadacheforfarmers.Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer'sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.Beforesowingtheirproduce,especiallyfarmersinwarmpartsoftheworldoftenchecktomakesurenounwanteddodderseedshavemixedwiththeircropseeds.Thisisagoodwaytostopdodderplantsfrommakingtheirwaytoacropfieldsecretly.（1）Whydoestheauthormentionspaghettiinthefirstparagraph?A.

Toanalyzethecontentofsomefood.

B.

Tointroducethetopicofthispassage.C.

Totelltheusageofthedodderplants.

D.

Todescribetheshapeofdodderplants.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanish”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.

invade.

B.

grow.

C.

escape.

D.

disappear.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

Dodderdoesn'tproduceitsownfood.

B.

Doddergivesoffsmelltoattractplants.C.

Doddercanaffectfarmers'income.

D.

Doddercanonlysurviveintheshade.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Tointroduceanewvarietyoffarmcrops.

B.

Tointroduceplantsthatareharmfultohumans.C.

Tointroducethespecialabilitiesofadangerousplant.

D.

Tointroducerecentimprovementsinfarmingmethods.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一種有特殊生長習性，危害農(nóng)作物生長的攀附植物——菟絲子。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Exceptforitsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.”可推斷，作者把菟絲子和意大利面條相比是用人們熟悉的東西來說明它的形狀，故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhostwithinafewdays,itwilldryup”可知，菟絲子如果不能很快找到可以寄生的植物，它就會變干，因此推斷即使周圍有許多水它也會消失死亡。故畫線詞“vanish”與D項disappear“消失”意義相近。故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer'sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.”可知，當菟絲子失去控制，也就是瘋狂的生長，菟絲子可以極大減少農(nóng)民的收成，甚至完全摧毀莊稼。因此推斷菟絲子會影響農(nóng)民們的收入。故選C。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.”和下文對菟絲子特殊的生長習性和危害的敘述可知，文章的寫作目的是主要介紹這種特殊又有危害的植物——菟絲子。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Thenextgenerationofartificialintelligence(AI)maybesittingrightbeneathyou,atleastiffurnituremakerIkeahasanysayinthematter.TheSwedishfurniturecompany's“future-living”researchlabinCopenhagenisconductingasurveytounderstandwhatpeoplewantwhenitcomestosmartfurniture.

AIisnowwalkingintomoreaspectsofpeople'sdailylives.Self-drivingcarsarejustaroundthecorner,andAIrobotscanplayandbeatthebestplayersofstrategygames.Assmarthometechnologieshavebecomemoreubiquitous,productsrangingfromsmartelectricaloutlets（插座）tosmartsmokealarmsarefloodingthemarket.Therefore,it'snotsurprisingthatIkeawouldbemovinginthesamedirection.

Exactlywhypeoplewouldwanttheirsofaorbedframetospeaktothen,tracktheirdailymovementsorofferhelpisnotyetclear.ThoughIkea'sthenewsurveydoesn'tdirectlyanswerthatquestion,itdoesprovideahintofwhatpeoplewouldfeelcomfortablewith.Mostparticipantswantedamorehuman0likeformofvirtual（虛擬的）assistants,asopposedtoonethatismorerobotic.Intermsoftheidealgender（性別）oftheassistants,themostpopularchoicewasneithermalenorfemale.FewwantedareligiousformofAI.

Justaswithhumanfriends,mostwantedAIfriendsthatwerelikethem,affirmingtheirownworldview.TheywantedanAIassistantthatwasreasonablyintelligent-thatcouldcollectdatatopredictwhatapersonwantedbeforeheorsheasked,andthatcouldpreventsomeonefrommakingmistakes.

ThisisnotthefirsttimethatIkeahassetfootinthefieldorfuturistictechnologies.Inadditiontowirelesschargingtablesandchainlessbikesthatneverrust（生銹）,thefurnituregianthasalsopicturedsmartkitchensthatcancookthebestmeal.Todecideonhowintelligentyouwantyournextsofaorbookshelftobe,youcantakeIkea'ssurveyonline.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ubiquitous"inParagraph2mean?A.

Beautiful.

B.

Common.

C.

Normal.

D.

Environment.（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.

Thedifferencesbetweenrobot-likeandhuman-likeassistants.

B.

WhatformofAIassistantspeoplewant.C.

Whatkindoffriendspeoplewant.

D.

Thepopularrobotsonthemarket.（3）MostpeoplewhoreceivedthesurveywantedanAIassistantthatcould________.A.

helpthembecamesmarter

B.

communicatewiththemwithouttroublesC.

haveitsownworldview

D.

dealwiththeirproblemsinadvance（4）WhichofthefollowingproductsarefromIkea?A.

Smartsofasthatcanspeaktoyou.

B.

Smartbedsthancantrackyourdailymovements.C.

Wirelesschargingcars.

D.

Rustlessbikeswithoutchains.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了瑞典的一家家具公司做了一項研究，調查人們想要什么樣的智能家居。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“AIisnowwalkingintomoreaspectsofpeople'sdailylives.”可猜測出Assmarthometechnologieshavebecomemoreubiquitous,這句話的意思是智能家居技術變得越來越普遍，故選B。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mostparticipantswantedamorehuman0likeformofvirtual（虛擬的）assistants,asopposedtoonethatismorerobotic.Intermsoftheidealgender（性別）oftheassistants,themostpopularchoicewasneithermalenorfemale.FewwantedareligiousformofAI.”可知第三段主要講了人們想要什么樣的人工智能助手，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“TheywantedanAIassistantthatwasreasonablyintelligent-thatcouldcollectdatatopredictwhatapersonwantedbeforeheorsheasked,andthatcouldpreventsomeonefrommakingmistakes.”可知收到調查的大多數(shù)人都想要一款可以提前解決問題的人工智能助手，故選D。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inadditiontowirelesschargingtablesandchainlessbikesthatneverrust（生銹）,thefurnituregianthasalsopicturedsmartkitchensthatcancookthebestmeal.”可知沒有鏈條的不生銹自行車是來自于Ikea的產(chǎn)品，故案選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判