福州高級中學20242025學年高二年段校本材料選擇性必修三Unit3EnvironmentalProtection單元語法單元語法：直接引語和間接引語【用法歸納】引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時有兩種方法：直接引語(direct

speech)和間接引語(indirect

speech)。一般地講，直接引語前后要加引號，間接引語不用引號，而用賓語從句來表達，并對人稱和時態(tài)進行相應的變化。1.直接引語是陳述句時

：直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that引導（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動詞，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。

1）人稱變化口訣：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。

2）

時態(tài)的變化

：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句的時態(tài)要作出相應的變化，當主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以是任何時態(tài)；當主句為一般過去時，從句必須為過去時的某個時態(tài)。即“主過從過，主現(xiàn)從任”。情態(tài)動詞也要變成相應的過去式：

cancould；maymight；mustmust/had

to

注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。

3）指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語的相應變化

直接引語→間接引語

指示代詞

：this/these

→that/those時間狀語

；now

→then

today

→that

day

tonight→

that

night

this

week

(month…)

→that

week

(month…)

yesterday

→the

day

before

last

week

(month…)→

the

week

(month）…before

two

weeks

(month)ago→

two

weeks

(months)before

tomorrow

→the

next

day

next

week

(month…)

→the

next

week

(month…)

地點狀語：

here

→there

動詞：

e

→gobring→

take

2、直接引語是疑問句時

，須將疑問句的語序改為陳述句的語序，其人稱、時態(tài)等變化同上。

1）直接引語是一般問句

，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，須用連接詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語的賓語從句。2）直接引語是特殊問句，仍用特殊疑問句中的疑問詞what,

where,

when,

who,

how

many作為連接詞將其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語中的賓語從句，但須將疑問式的動詞改為陳述式。巧記：直接去引號，陳述語序莫忘掉。助動do(does)、did，要去掉。

注意：

直接引語里What's

wrong

with……?What's

the

matter?

What's

the

trouble?What

has

happened?等特殊疑問句時,間接引語的語序不變。

3、直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語要用“tell

sb.

(not)

to

do

sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。

The

teacher

said

to

her

mother

,“Please

give

me

the

book.”

→The

teacher

told

her

mother

to

give

her

the

book.

巧記：去掉引號要加to；ask，order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。

專項練習題

將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：

1.

“I

am

having

supper,”

he

said.

He

said

that

_______

_______

having

supper.

2.

“I’ve

seen

the

film,”

Gina

said

to

me.

Gina

_______

me

that

she

_______

_______

the

film.

3.

“I

went

home

with

my

sister,”

she

said.

She

said

that

_______

_______

_______

home

with

her

sister.

4.

The

teacher

said,

“The

sun

is

bigger

than

the

moon.”

The

teacher

said

that

the

sun

_______

bigger

than

the

moon.

5.

“I

met

her

yesterday,”

he

said

to

me.

He

told

me

that

he

_______

met

her

the

day

_______.6.

“You

must

e

here

before

five,”

he

said.

He

said

that

I

_______

to

go

_______

before

five.

7.

“I

bought

the

puter

two

weeks

ago,”

she

said.

She

said

that

she

_______

bought

the

puter

two

weeks

_______.

8.

“Did

you

read

the

book

last

week?”

he

said.

He

_______

_______

I

had

read

the

book

the

week

_______.

He

said,

“You

can

sit

here,

Jim.”

He

_______

Jim

that

he

_______

sit

there

He

asked,

“How

did

you

find

it,

mother?”

He

asked

her

mother

_______

_______

_______

found

it.

11.

“Where

have

you

been

these

days?”

he

asked.

He

asked

me

_______

_______

_______

been

_______

days.

12

“Do

you

know

where

she

lives?”

he

asked.

He

asked

_______

_______

knew

where

she

_______.

13.

“Keep

quiet,

children.”

he

said.

He

_______

the

children

_______

_______

quiet.

14.

“Don’t

look

out

of

the

window,”

she

said.

She

told

me

_______

_______

_______

out

of

the

window.

“Are

you

interested

in

this?”

he

said.

He

_______

_______

I

was

interested

in

_______.

The

teacher

said,

“The

earth

goes

round

the

sun.”

The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

_______

round

the

sun.

He

said,

“We

insisted

that

she

start

immediately.”He

said

_______

insisted

that

she

_______

immediately.

二、單項選擇1.The

teacher

told

the

boy

students

______

football

on

the

grass.

A.

not

play

B.

not

to

play

C.

played

D.

playing

2.She

looks

sad.

Could

you

please

tell

me

_____

that

prevents

her

from

being

as

happy

as

before.A.

what

it

is

B.

it

is

what

C.

how

it

is

D.

it

is

how

3.

Betty

asked

her

sister

____

to

the

railway

station

to

see

her

off.

D.notnot

to

e

B.

to

not

go

C.

to

not

e

D.not

to

go

4.The

pupil

asked

his

teacher

_____

round

the

earth.

A.

weather

the

moon

goes

B.

that

the

moon

went

C.

whether

the

moon

goes

D.

whether

the

moon

went

5.

She

asked

him

____.

A.

whose

dictionary

this

is

B.

whose

dictionary

that

was

C.

whose

dictionary

is

this

D.

whose

dictionary

that

is

6.

Mary’s

mother

asked

her

_____.

A.

that

whether

she

had

finished

her

homework

B.

if

she

has

finished

her

homework

C.

that

if

she

had

finished

her

homework

D.

if

she

had

finished

her

homework

7.

He

asked

me

____.

A.

whatthematteris

B.

what

isthematterC.whatwasthematter

D.

howwasthematter8.

She

told

me

that

she

____

by

her

relatives

at

the

bus

stop.

A.

had

been

seen

off

B.

have

seen

off

C.

have

been

seen

off

D.

had

seen

off9.More

and

more

students

and

teachers

have

began

to

know

____.

A.

how

important

the

foreign

language

are

B.

how

the

foreign

language

is

important

C.

how

important

the

foreign

language

is

D.

how

important

is

the

foreign

language

10.The

boss

asked

his

secretary

____

he

had

finished

typing

the

report

____.

A.

if;

or

not

B.

if;

not

C.

whether;

or

not

D.

whether;

not【延伸表達】

直接引語常用于對話中，注意前后要加引號。在讀后續(xù)寫中我們可以用不同的詞語來表示”說”。三、翻譯1.“這不公平,”簡宣稱道。

2.他信心十足地答道，“我不會讓你失望的?！?/p>

3.“他是一位優(yōu)秀的年輕人,”斯蒂芬評論道。

4.“那不可能，”她自言自語地說。

5.“你瘋啦！”她哈哈大笑起來。

6.“救命啊，救命?。　彼@慌地喊道。

7.“我希望他能對我好點，”他抱怨道。

8.“那都是你的錯！”他反駁說。

9.“我的答案是對的，”湯姆爭辯道，“你的答案是錯的。”

10.“我真的完成工作了，”他強調(diào)說。

語篇應用Thatnightthebosscamehometohis14yearoldson.Thefather

1.

___________________(興奮地告訴兒子)

thathewasgivenablueribbonby

hismanager，whichmadehimsurprised.Hesaid,“2.___________________2.___________________(他解釋道)

howheadmiredme,thinkingmeacreative

genius.”Theboy

3.___________________(低聲含糊地說著什么)

,asifhe

hadheardnothing.“AsIwasdrivinghome,IthoughtIshould

honoryouwiththeblueribbon,”thefatherraisedhisvoiceina

certaintone.“MydaysarereallybusyandIdon'tpayalotofattention

toyou,”

4.___________________(爸爸繼續(xù)道).“Ireallyshouldn'thaveignored

you.”5.

___________________(爸爸嘆著氣說)

andputtheribbonintheboy'shand.Theboyhuggedhisfatherandstartedsobbing(啜泣).“You

reallymakeadifferencetome,whichisfromthebottomofmy

heart,”

6.

___________________(爸爸說著鼓勵的話).Theboyraisedhis

headand

7.

___________________

(喃喃地說了聲謝謝)

withtearsinhiseyes，“Dad,I

wastheboywhogaveyourmanageraribbon.”五、短文填詞Inthe1950s,LiuWenbin’sfatherlefthishometowninHebeiProvinceandsettlednearUlansuhaiNur,oneofthemostfamous1(lake)inInnerMongolia,attractedbythearea’sreputationasalandoffishandrice.Foryears,thefishingindustrywasa2(rely)sourceofineforLiu’sfamily.However,asurbanization(城市化)andindustrializationbecamefasteraroundthelakeinthe1990s,Liusawthebodyofwater,3(wide)knownasthe“PearlbeyondtheGreatWall”,turnintoablackandsmellymassthatlocalpeopleavoidedasmuch4possible.Now,withatreatmentcampaignthatfollowsthephilosophyof“mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,grassland5desertsarealifemunity”,thelocalgovernment6(make)greatprogressinjustafewyears,makingthelakeaperfectplaceforbirdsandraisingLiu’shopesof7(see)thereturnoftheUlansuhaiNurofhischildhood.8(locate)inBayannuurinthewestoftheregion,UlansuhaiNurishometothe9(large)wetlandintheYellowRiverBasinandararelargegrasslandlakeinthedesertandsemidesert(半沙漠)area.Assuch,itisanaturalenvironmentalscreenthatcontrolsthesourcesofsandstormsthataffectNorthChina,10Beijingislying.Itisalsoanimportantplaceontheworld’seightmajorbirdmigrationroutes.單元寫作：書本P33當?shù)丨h(huán)境問題的報告參考答案課堂練習：一、1.hewas2.toldhadbeen3.shehadgone4.is5.had；before6.had；there7.had；before8.askedif；before9.told；could10.howshehad11.whereIhad；those12.ifI；lived13.told；tokeep14.nottolook15.askedif；that16.goes17.

they；start二、1—5BADCB;

6—10DCACC三、"It'snotfair,"Janedeclared.Herepliedwithgreatconfidence,"Iwon'tletyoudown.”"Heisagoodyoungman,"Stephenmented."Thatisimpossible,"shesaidtoherself."You'recrazy!"Shelaughedout."Help,help!"Heshoutedinalarm/inpanic."Iwishhewouldbenicetome,"heplained."That'sallyourfault!"Heretorted."Myanswerisright,"arguedTom,"andyouarewrong.”"Ireallygotthejobdone,"hestressed.四、1.toldhissoninanexcitedvoice2.

heexplained3.mutteredsomethingbetweenhisteeth4.continuedthefather5.Thefathersighed6.thefather

spokewordsoffort7.murmuredathankyou五、1．lakes2．reliable3．widely4．a(chǎn)s5．a(chǎn)nd6．hasmade7．seeing8．Located9．largest10．where【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了內(nèi)蒙古湖泊烏梁素海地區(qū)的污染以及治理情況。1．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：20世紀50年代，劉文斌的父親被烏梁素海的魚米之鄉(xiāng)的美譽所吸引，離開河北的家鄉(xiāng)，來到內(nèi)蒙古最著名的湖泊之一烏梁素海附近定居。此處為oneof+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。故填lakes。2．考查形容詞。句意：多年來，捕魚業(yè)一直是劉家可靠的收入來源。修飾名詞source應用形容詞reliable