EnglishGrammarVerbs

classification

forms

features

practice

1

2實義v.---notionalverb

(連)系v.---linkverb助v.

---auxiliaryverb

情態(tài)v.

---modalverb及物v.---transitiveverb(vt.)

不及物v.---intransitiveverb(vi.)謂語v.--predicateverb非謂語v.--non-predicateverb規(guī)則v.--regularverb

不規(guī)則v.--irregularverb終止性v.--terminativeverb

持續(xù)性v.--durativeverb短語v.--phrasalverbauxiliaryverb

verbusedwithnotionalverbstoshowtense,voice,oremphaticmood,andtoformaquestionornegativestatement;

＊

meaninglessitself;

＊

can’tbeusedasV.alone

Usageofaux.v.1.toformnegativeV.

Idon’tlikeyourhat.2.toformaquestion

Doyoulikemyhat?Usageofaux.v.3.toforminversionNeverdidIexpecttoseehim.

4.toreplacementionedverbtoavoidrepetitionDoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido.modalverb

verbusedwithnotionalverbstoindicatespeaker’sfeelingsandattitudes,i.e.toexpresspossibility,permission,obligation,etc.

modalverb＊incompletemeaning;＊can’tbeusedasV.alone;＊mustbefollowedbyinfinitiveformofverb;＊nopersonandnumberchanges;＊somehavepasttensecancouldmaymightmustshallshouldwillwouldneeddareoughttoUsageofmodalv.toindicatespeaker’stoneandattitude2.forsubjunctivemood

虛擬語氣3.forspeculation

推測

might,may,could,can,must情v.+v.原→對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常動作推測情v.+bedoing

→對此時此刻發(fā)生的動作行為推測情v.+havedone/havebeendoing

→對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測must的否定推測→can’t/couldn’tShemustbestudyingintheclassroomnow.Shemusthavebeenworkingthen.Shemay/mighthavebeenbuyingstampsinthepostofficewhenyousawher.Youmustbeverytired,aren’tyou?Youmusthaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’tyou?Youmusthaveknownhimbeforeyouwrotetohim,hadn'tyou?Itmusthavesnowedlastnight,________?Theoldmanmustbeourheadmaster,________?Marymusthavefinishedreadingthenovelnow,________?didn’titisn’thehasn’tshe☆各種虛擬句☆表示輕微責(zé)備or遺憾情態(tài)v.(not)+havedone“本應(yīng)…（而實際卻沒…）”

“本不該/必…（而實際卻…）”was/wereto+have(been)done“過去計劃中要做某事，實際上沒做”區(qū)別:“shouldn’t+havedone”表示過去本不該做的事情實際上卻做了“needn’t+havedone”表示過去本不必做的事情實際上卻做了Theyshouldn’thaveleftsoearly.Youneedn’thaveboughtit.Youneedn’thavecomehereyesterday.principalformsofverbsthird-personsingularformpastformpastparticiple(p.p.)presentparticiplefeatures＊tense＊voice＊mood

tenseofverbsgrammaticalmeaningclassificationsequenceoftensestimemanner現(xiàn)在--present

過去--past將來--future

過去將來--pastfuture

一般:indefinite

進(jìn)行:continuous

完成:perfect

完成進(jìn)行:perfectcontinuous一般現(xiàn)在時thepresentindefinite一般過去時thepastindefinite一般將來時thefutureindefinite過去將來時thepastfutureindefinite現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時thepresentcontinuous過去進(jìn)行時thepastcontinuous將來進(jìn)行時thefuturecontinuous過去將來進(jìn)行時thepastfuturecontinuous現(xiàn)在完成時thepresentperfect過去完成時thepastperfect將來完成時thefutureperfect過去將來完成時thepastfutureperfect現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時thepresentperfectcontinuous過去完成進(jìn)行時thepastperfectcontinuous將來完成進(jìn)行時thefutureperfectcontinuous過去將來完成進(jìn)行時thepastfutureperfectcontinuous＊Shesays

sheisacollegestudent

～

shewasacollegestudent.

～

shewillbeacollegestudent.

＊

HashetoldyouwhenhewillleaveforBeijing?/leftfor～?＊

Willyoutellmewhenyoufinishedthework?

＊

Shetoldmeshewasateacher.HesaidhewasstudyingFrench.Sheexplainedtomethatshehadmadethemistakechieflyoutofcarelessness.Bettysaidthatshehadbeenwaitingformycall.

＊

Hesaidthathewouldcomebackthenextday.Shesaidthatshewouldbesettingoffonthe10o’clocktrain.Hetoldthemthathewouldhavefinishedbysixo’clock.＊

Hetoldmethathewasbornin1959.MymothertoldmethatmygrandfatherwenttoGermanyin1917.＊

Ourteachersaidthattheearthisroundanditgoesroundthesun.＊

I’llbeasingerwhenIgrowup.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we’llhaveabasketballmatchwithClassTwo.voiceofverbs＊

grammatical

meaning＊

classification＊

transformation＊

application＊

special

structures

Hiscarhasbeenstolen.Iwasbornin1980.Sheislikedbyeverybody.Englishisspokenhere.1

unknownorunnecessaryS.2

emphasizeactiontakergrammaticalmeaningaformofverbsindicatingtherelationshipbetweentheSubjectandthePredicateclassification＊

activevoice＊

passivevoice:

be+p.p.(vt.)simplesentence5basicsentencepatterns

S.+vi.+…S.+V.+P.＊

S.+vt.+O.+…＊

S.+vt.+Oi.+Od.+…＊

S.+vt.+O.+O.C.+…transformationS.+vt.+O.+…→O.+be+v-ed+by+S.S.+vt.+Oi.+Od.+…

S.+vt.+O.+O.C.+…

＊

Wegavehersomebooks.→Shewasgivensomebooks(byus).→Somebooksweregiventoher(byus).＊

Wewillmakeourcountryricherandstronger.→Ourcountrywillbemadericherandstrongerbyus.＊

Weelectedhimourmonitor.→Hewaselectedourmonitorbyus.

＊

Theboyaskedtheteachertoexplainthesentence.→Theteacherwasasked

toexplainthesentencebytheboy.＊

Weheardthemtalkaboutthatfilm.→Theywereheard

to

talkaboutthatfilm.＊

Weheardthemtalkingabout...→Theywereheard

talkingaboutthatfilm.Itissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisbelievedthat…大家（人們）相信

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道

Itisannouncedthat…據(jù)宣布Itisallegedthat…據(jù)稱

Itisassertedthat…有人承認(rèn)Itisassumedthat…假設(shè)（定）

Itiscalculatedthat…據(jù)計算Itisclaimedthat…有人聲稱（主張）

Itisconsideredthat…認(rèn)為

Itisdeclaredthat…據(jù)宣布、有人宣布Itisdemonstratedthat…證明

Itisestimatedthat…估計

Itisexpectedthat…看來

Itisfoundthat…發(fā)現(xiàn)

Itisgenerallyagreedthat…人們通常認(rèn)為Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…大家認(rèn)為Itishopedthat…希望

Itisgenerallyrecognizedthat…一般（普遍）認(rèn)為

Itishypothesizedthat…假設(shè)（定）

Itislearnedthat…據(jù)說（聞）Itismentionedthat…據(jù)說

Itisnoticedthat…有人指出

Itispredictedthat…預(yù)計

Itispreferredthat…最好

Itisproposedthat…有人提議

Itisrecommendedthat…建議

Itisrumoredthat…謠傳

Itissuggestedthat…有人建議

Itissupposedthat…據(jù)推測說

Itisthoughtthat…有人認(rèn)為

Itisunderstoodthat…不用說，……是很明白的

Itisuniversallyacceptedthat…普遍認(rèn)為

Itisweighedthat…考慮到，權(quán)衡到

Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，大家都知道

Ithasbeenarrangedthat…準(zhǔn)備/已經(jīng)商定Ithasbeendecidedthat…已經(jīng)決定Ithasbeenillustratedthat…據(jù)圖示/據(jù)說明

Ithasbeenobjectedthat…有人反駁說

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已經(jīng)證明Ithasbeenshowedthat…有人指出Itwillbesaidthat…有人會說Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可知

Itcannotbedeniedthat…無可否認(rèn)

Itcanbeseenthat…可見

Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat…可以毫不夸張地說

Itmaybesafelysaidthat…可以有把握地說

Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認(rèn)Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出

Itmustbestressedthat…必須強(qiáng)調(diào)1

S.+have/get+O.+p.p.Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.Wehadthemachinerepaired.Hegothislegbrokeninanaccident.S.+have/get+O.+p.p.①有意識的被動行為，執(zhí)行者不一定就是句子的主語。②無意識的被動行為，動作的執(zhí)行者不是句子的主語，相反受到這種動作的影響。2S.+V.+P.Theflowerssmellsweet.Thefoodtastesgood.

S.一般指物，系v.常為smell,taste,sound,prove,feel,look…3

S.+vi.+（adj./adv.）

vi.：wear,blow,move,lock,shut,open,read,write,draw,wash,clean,burn,cook,make,work,photograph,eat,drink…Thedoorblewopen.Thematerialhaswornthin.Hisbookssellwell.Thedoorwon’tshut/lock.Thiskindofricecooksquickly.Shedoesn’tphotographwell.4

sth.beworthdoingsth.need/want/requiredoingsth.beworthytobedonesth.beworthyofdoingsth.need/wanttobedoneYourhandsneedwashing./tobewashed.Thepairofshoeswantsmending./tobemended.Themachinerequiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.Thebookisworthytoberead.Thebookisworthyofreading.“be+p.p.”結(jié)構(gòu)若表示動作，則是被動語態(tài)；若表示特點和狀態(tài)，則是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是被動語態(tài)。

Thecompositioniswellwritten.Thecompositionwaswrittenwithgreatcare.英語中有些v.盡管是vt.，但從不用于被動語態(tài)，如contain,cost,fit,lack,resemble,suit,以及表示“讓、使“意思的let,have,get等，這些動詞都沒有被動語態(tài)。Youwon’tbelettogoawaynow.

XWewon’tletyougoawaynow.modalverbsExercise11“Mustwedoitnow?”

“No,you______.”Awon’t

Bneedn’t

Ccan’t

Ddon’t2Hesaidhewouldrathernot___itrightnow.Adoing

Btodo

Cdo

Dtobedoing3You____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.Aneedn’ttocomeBdon’tneedcomeCdon’tneedcomingDneedn’tcome4“MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?”“____.”ANo,youneedn’tBNot,pleaseCNo,youmustn’tDNo,youwon’t5You’dbetter____lateagain.Adon’tBnotbeCnotbeingDwon’tbe6“CanIleavethisdooropenatnight?”“You____betternot.”AshouldBwouldCcouldDhad7Putonmoreclothes.You____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.AcanBcouldCwouldDmust

8Ithoughtyou____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.AmayBmightCcouldDmust9Therewasplentyoftime.She____.Amustn’thavehurriedBcouldn’thavehurriedCmustn’tnothurryDneedn’thavehurried10Theplantisdead.I____itmorewater.AwillgaveBwouldhavegivenCmustgiveDshouldhavegiven11It’sfreezingoutside.You____putonyourovercoat.AhadbettertoBhadbetterCwouldbetterDwouldbetterto12You____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.

Acan’t

Bmustn’t

Cneedn’t

Dmaynot13Whereismypen?I____it.AmightloseBwouldhavelostCshouldhavelostDmusthavelost14Ididn’thearthephone.I____asleep.AmustbeBmusthavebeenCshouldbeDshouldhavebeen15He____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.AmighthavegivenBmightgivenCmayhavegivenDmaygive16Acomputer____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.Acan’tBcouldn’tCmaynotDmightnot17--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Yes,ofcourseyou____.AmightBwillCcanDshould18Which___you___do,gotothecinemaorstayathome?AdoratherBwouldratherCwillratherDshouldrather

19Tomoughtnotto__meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.AhavetoldBtellCbetellingDhavingtold20Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.AmustBmayCcanDwill21“ShallItellJohnaboutit?”“No,you___.I’vetoldhimalready.”Aneedn’tBwouldn’tCmustn’tDshouldn’t22ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI___forher.AhadtowriteitoutBmusthavewrittenitoutCshouldhavewrittenitoutDoughttowriteitout

23--Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagetotakemeaswell.--It___acomfortablejourney.Acan’tbeBshouldn’tbeCmusthavebeenDcouldn’thavebeen24Johnny,you___playwiththeknife;you___hurtyourself.Awon’t;can’tBmustn’t;mayCshouldn’t;mustDcan’t;shouldn’t答案：

1-5BCDCB6-10DDBDD11-15BCDBA16-20ACBAB21-24ACDBtense&voiceofverbsExercise21.Thefirsttwofactorsmustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligence____(make)./istobemadewillbemade2.Ihopeherhealth________________(improve)greatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.willhaveimproved3.WhileyouwereinLondonthatyear,theLondonBridge_________________(repair).wasbeingrepaired4.Iwasshockedtohearthatyourhouse__________________(break)into.hadbeenbroken5.Hesaidthathewouldbeabletoseemewhenhe_________________(write)thatletter.hadwritten6.Twooftheglasseswerebrokenwhenthey___________________(wash).werebeingwashed7.Iboughtanewhouse,butI_________________(notsell)myoldoneyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.havenotsold8.Johnisn’tadiligentstudent,foritisthethirdtimehe______________(be)late,isn’tit?hasbeen9.Johnalwaysworksinhislabandmakesalotofexperiments.He________________(make)experimentsall