2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解經典題型解題技巧與策略專項訓練考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTherapidpaceoftechnologicalchangeinrecentdecadeshasledtounprecedentedlevelsofinnovation,transformingnearlyeveryaspectofmodernlife.Fromsmartphonesandartificialintelligencetobiotechnologyandrenewableenergy,newdevelopmentspromisetosolveoldproblemsandcreatenewopportunities.However,thisrelentlessdriveforprogressalsoraisesprofoundethicalquestionsthatsocietymustconfront.Onemajorconcernistheimpactofautomationonemployment.Asmachinesandalgorithmsbecomemoresophisticated,theyareincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.Whilethiscanleadtoincreasedefficiencyandthecreationofnewjobsindifferentsectors,italsothreatenstodisplacemillionsofworkers,particularlyinindustriesreliantonroutinemanualorcognitivelabour.Thedisplacementofworkersisnotjustaneconomicissue;itcarriessignificantsocialconsequences,includingincreasedinequalityandthepotentialforwidespreadsocietalunrestifdisplacedpopulationsarenotadequatelysupportedandretrained.Anothercriticalethicalissuerevolvesarounddataprivacyandsecurity.Thedigitalagehasmadeitpossibletocollectandanalyzevastamountsofpersonaldata,offeringbenefitslikepersonalizedservicesandimprovedpublichealthmonitoring.Yet,thisdatacollectionoftenoccurswithlittletransparencyorconsentfromindividuals,creatingvulnerabilitiestomisusebycorporationsorgovernments.Thepotentialforsurveillance,manipulation,andtheerosionofpersonalautonomyinthedigitalrealmposesafundamentalchallengetoindividuallibertyandthedemocraticprocess.Furthermore,thedevelopmentofpowerfultechnologieslikeartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)raiseslong-termexistentialquestions.WhileAGIholdsthepotentialtosolvesomeofhumanity'smostcomplexchallenges,itscreationcouldalsoposeunforeseenrisksifitsgoalsarenotalignedwithhumanvaluesorifitsurpasseshumancontrol.Navigatingthedevelopmentanddeploymentofsuchpowerfultoolsrequirescarefulconsiderationandinternationalcooperationtoensuretheyareusedforthebenefit,notthedetriment,ofhumanity.Thesearejustafewexamplesoftheethicaldilemmaspresentedbymoderntechnologicaladvancements.Addressingthemrequiresamulti-facetedapproachinvolvingpolicymakers,technologists,ethicists,andthepublic.Opendialogue,robustregulation,andacommitmenttoethicalprinciplesinthedesignandimplementationofnewtechnologiesareessentialtoharnesstheirbenefitswhilemitigatingtheirpotentialharms.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemaineconomicandsocialconsequencesofautomation?3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthecollectionandanalysisofvastamountsofpersonaldataposewhatkindofchallenge?4.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthedevelopmentofartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)?5.Whatapproachdoestheauthorrecommendforaddressingtheethicaldilemmasassociatedwithtechnologicaladvancements?PassageTwoInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingglobalawarenessoftheurgentneedtoaddressclimatechange.Governments,organizations,andindividualsareincreasinglyrecognizingthattheconsequencesofinaction—suchasrisingsealevels,extremeweatherevents,andbiodiversityloss—aretooseveretoignore.Thisawarenesshasspurredavarietyofinitiativesaimedatmitigatingclimatechangeandadaptingtoitsinevitableimpacts.Oneofthemostsignificantareasoffocushasbeenthetransitiontorenewableenergysources.Solar,wind,hydroelectric,andotherformsofcleanenergyarebecomingincreasinglycost-competitivewithtraditionalfossilfuels,makingthemviablealternativesforpoweringhomes,businesses,andentirenations.Governmentsaroundtheworldareimplementingpoliciestoincentivizetheadoptionofrenewableenergytechnologies,suchassubsidies,taxcredits,andrenewableportfoliostandards.Additionally,advancementsinenergystoragesolutionsareaddressingtheintermittencyissuesassociatedwithsolarandwindpower,makingrenewableenergysourcesmorereliableandaccessible.Anothercriticalcomponentofclimatechangemitigationinvolvesreducinggreenhousegasemissionsfromvarioussectors,particularlytransportationandindustry.Electrifyingtransportationfleets,improvingenergyefficiencyinbuildingsandmanufacturingprocesses,anddevelopingnewlow-carbonindustrialtechnologiesareallessentialsteps.Furthermore,effortstoreducedeforestationandpromotereforestationplayacrucialrole,asforestsactassignificantcarbonsinks.Thesemeasuresnotonlyhelptoreduceemissionsbutalsocontributetothepreservationofbiodiversityandthehealthofecosystems.Despitetheseefforts,achievingsignificantprogressincombatingclimatechangeremainsaformidablechallenge.Thetransitionawayfromestablishedindustriesandenergysystemsrequiressubstantialinvestmentandpoliticalwill.Moreover,globalcooperationisessential,asclimatechangeisatransboundaryissuethataffectsallcountries,regardlessoftheirhistoricalcontributiontoemissions.Internationalagreements,suchastheParisAgreement,provideaframeworkforcollaboration,buttranslatingthesecommitmentsintoconcreteactionsandensuringcomplianceremainsachallenge.Thepassagehighlightsthemultifacetednatureoftheclimatechangechallengeandthediversearrayofsolutionsbeingpursued.Whilethepathforwardiscomplexandrequiressustainedeffort,theincreasingglobalawarenessoftheproblemandtheinnovativesolutionsbeingdevelopedofferreasonsforhope.Continuedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment,coupledwithambitiouspolicyimplementationsandwidespreadsocietalengagement,willbecrucialinshapingamoresustainablefuturefortheplanet.Questions:6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatfactorsaremakingrenewableenergymoreviable?8.Besidestransportationandindustry,whatothersectorismentionedasbeingimportantforreducinggreenhousegasemissions?9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasamajorchallengeinachievingsignificantprogressagainstclimatechange?10.Thepassageimpliesthatinternationalcooperationisimportantforaddressingclimatechangebecauseofwhatreason?PassageThreeTheconceptof"community"hasevolvedsignificantlyovertime,reflectingbroaderchangesinsocialstructures,technology,andindividuallifestyles.Historically,communitieswereoftengeographicallydefined,characterizedbyface-to-faceinteractions,sharedculturalpractices,andastrongsenseofmutualdependence.However,theriseofdigitaltechnologyandincreasedmobilityhavetransformedthenatureofcommunities,givingrisetonewformsofsocialconnectionthatareoftenlessgeographicallyconstrained.Onlinecommunities,facilitatedbysocialmediaplatforms,forums,andotherdigitalspaces,havebecomeincreasinglyprevalent.Thesecommunitiesbringtogetherindividualswhosharecommoninterests,hobbies,orexperiences,regardlessoftheirphysicallocation.Whiletheyoffernumerousbenefits,suchasprovidingsupportnetworks,facilitatinginformationsharing,andenablingconnectionswithlike-mindedindividuals,theyalsopresentcertainchallenges.Issueslikeonlineharassment,thespreadofmisinformation,andthepotentialforalgorithmicechochamberscannegativelyimpactmembers'well-beingandthehealthofthecommunityitself.Furthermore,thelackofphysicalproximitycansometimeshinderthedevelopmentofthedeep,trust-basedrelationshipsthatareoftencharacteristicoftraditionalcommunities.Theimpactofdigitaltechnologyontraditional,geographically-basedcommunitiesisalsosignificant.Whiletechnologycanfacilitatecommunicationandconnectionamongcommunitymembers,itcanalsoleadtosocialfragmentation.Forinstance,theincreasedtimespentondigitaldevicesmayreduceopportunitiesforin-personinteractions,potentiallyweakeningthesocialfabricthatholdscommunitiestogether.Additionally,economicchangesandglobalizationcanleadtothedeclineoflocalindustriesandthemigrationofpopulations,furtheralteringthecompositionanddynamicsoftraditionalcommunities.Despitethesechallenges,theconceptofcommunitycontinuestoresonatestronglyinthemodernworld.Thereisagrowingrecognitionthatstrongsocialconnectionsareessentialforindividualwell-beingandthehealthofsocietyasawhole.Thishasledtoeffortstofosterbothonlineandtraditionalcommunitiesthatareinclusive,supportive,andresilient.Initiativesfocusedonbuildinglocalnetworks,promotingdigitalliteracy,andencouragingcivicengagementaimtostrengthensocialbondsinanincreasinglycomplexandinterconnectedworld.Thepassageexploresthechangingnatureofcommunitiesinthedigitalage.Ithighlightsboththeopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbynewformsofsocialconnectionwhileacknowledgingtheongoingimportanceofstrongcommunitytiesforindividualandsocietalwell-being.Balancingthebenefitsofdigitalinteractionwiththeneedformeaningful,face-to-faceengagementwillbecrucialforshapingvibrantandsupportivecommunitiesinthefuture.Questions:11.Whathasbeentheprimarydriveroftheevolutionoftheconceptof"community"mentionedinthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthebenefitsofonlinecommunities?13.Thepassagesuggeststhatdigitaltechnologycanhaveanegativeimpactontraditionalcommunitiesinwhatway?14.Whatisakeychallengementionedinthepassageforfosteringstrongandinclusivecommunitiesinthemodernworld?15.Basedonthepassage,whatwillbeimportantforshapingvibrantcommunitiesinthefuture?PassageFourEffectiveleadershipisacriticalfactorinthesuccessofanyorganization,whetheritbeabusiness,anon-profitgroup,oragovernmentagency.Whileleadershiptheoriesabound,certaincoreprinciplesconsistentlyemergeasessentialforleaderswhoaimtoinspireandguidetheirteamstowardsachievingcommongoals.Theseprinciplesarenotonlyaboutmakingdecisionsandmanagingresourcesbutalsoaboutfosteringapositiveorganizationalcultureandbuildingstrongrelationshipswithteammembers.Onefundamentalaspectofeffectiveleadershipistheabilitytocommunicateclearlyandtransparently.Leadersneedtoarticulateacompellingvisionforthefuture,explainingtheorganization'sgoals,thereasonsbehindthem,andhowindividualcontributionsfitintothelargerpicture.Clearcommunicationalsoinvolvesbeingaccessibletoteammembers,listeningtotheirconcerns,andprovidingtimelyfeedback.Whenleaderscommunicateeffectively,theybuildtrustandfosterasenseofsharedpurpose,whichareessentialformotivatingemployeesandfosteringcollaboration.Anotherkeyelementisthecapacitytoinspireandmotivateothers.Greatleadersareabletoconnectwiththeirteammembersonapersonallevel,understandingtheirindividualmotivationsandstrengths.Theyrecognizeandappreciatethehardworkoftheiremployees,providingencouragementandrecognition.Furthermore,theypossesstheabilitytostayoptimisticandresilientinthefaceofchallenges,projectingapositiveattitudethatcanhelptoenergizeandrallytheteam.Thisabilitytoinspireisparticularlyimportantduringtimesofchangeordifficulty,whenitcanhelptomaintainmoraleandfocus.Effectiveleadersalsounderstandtheimportanceofempoweringtheirteammembers.Thisinvolvesdelegatingtasksappropriately,providingthenecessaryresourcesandsupport,andtrustingemployeestotakeownershipoftheirwork.Empowermentfostersasenseofautonomyandresponsibilityamongteammembers,encouragingthemtodeveloptheirskillsandcontributetheirideas.Whenemployeesfeelempowered,theyaremorelikelytobeengagedandcommittedtotheorganization'ssuccess.Finally,ethicalleadershipisparamount.Leadersmustdemonstrateintegrity,honesty,andfairnessinalltheirdealings.Theymustsetapositiveexamplefortheirteammemberstofollowandupholdtheorganization'svaluesandethicalstandards.Ethicalleadershipbuildstrustandrespect,bothwithintheorganizationandwithexternalstakeholders.Italsoensuresthattheorganizationoperatesinasociallyresponsiblemanner,contributingpositivelytosociety.Thepassageoutlinesseveralkeyprinciplesofeffectiveleadership.Byfocusingoncommunication,inspiration,empowerment,andethics,leaderscancreateapositiveandproductiveworkenvironment,fosterstrongteamrelationships,andguidetheirorganizationstowardsachievingtheirgoals.Theseprinciplesareinterconnectedandmutuallyreinforcing,formingthefoundationofstrongandsuccessfulleadership.Questions:16.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatroledoesclearcommunicationplayineffectiveleadership?18.Thepassagesuggeststhatinspiringandmotivatingothersinvolveswhatqualityinaleader?19.Whatdoestheconceptof"empowerment"asdescribedinthepassageinvolve?20.Whyisethicalleadershipconsideredimportantaccordingtothepassage?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解PassageOne1.D解析思路：文章首段提出技術變革帶來的進步，第二段轉折提出倫理問題，第三、四段分別論述數據隱私和AGI的倫理困境，最后一段總結需要面對和解決這些倫理問題。全文圍繞技術進步引發(fā)的經典倫理問題展開，強調應對策略，故D項（探討技術進步帶來的倫理問題及應對策略）最能概括主旨。A項（描述技術變革的積極影響）片面，B項（強調技術變革的負面影響）片面，C項（提出技術發(fā)展的具體方向）非文章重點。2.B解析思路：根據第二段第二句，“Asmachinesandalgorithmsbecomemoresophisticated,theyareincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.”可知，自動化導致傳統由人類完成的任務被機器取代。第三句進一步說明，“Thedisplacementofworkersisnotjustaneconomicissue;itcarriessignificantsocialconsequences,includingincreasedinequalityandthepotentialforwidespreadsocietalunrestifdisplacedpopulationsarenotadequatelysupportedandretrained.”（工人的失業(yè)不僅是經濟問題，還帶來顯著的社會后果，包括加劇不平等和廣泛的社會動蕩，如果被解雇的工人沒有得到充分的支持和再培訓的話。）故B項（經濟上導致失業(yè)和加劇不平等，社會上帶來社會動蕩風險）準確概括了自動化帶來的經濟和社會后果。3.C解析思路：根據第三段第二句，“Yet,thisdatacollectionoftenoccurswithlittletransparencyorconsentfromindividuals,creatingvulnerabilitiestomisusebycorporationsorgovernments.”（然而，數據收集通常缺乏透明度或個人的同意，這為公司或政府濫用數據創(chuàng)造了漏洞。）以及第三句，“Thepotentialforsurveillance,manipulation,andtheerosionofpersonalautonomyinthedigitalrealmposesafundamentalchallengetoindividuallibertyandthedemocraticprocess.”（在數字領域進行監(jiān)視、操縱和侵蝕個人自主權的可能性對個人自由和民主進程構成了根本性的挑戰(zhàn)。）故C項（對個人自由和民主進程構成根本性挑戰(zhàn)）準確描述了個人數據收集帶來的主要挑戰(zhàn)，即隱私和安全風險。4.A解析思路：根據第四段第三句，“WhileAGIholdsthepotentialtosolvesomeofhumanity'smostcomplexchallenges,itscreationcouldalsoposeunforeseenrisksifitsgoalsarenotalignedwithhumanvaluesorifitsurpasseshumancontrol.”（雖然通用人工智能（AGI）有可能解決人類一些最復雜挑戰(zhàn)，但如果其目標與人類價值觀不一致或超越人類控制，它的創(chuàng)造也可能帶來不可預見的風險。）這里強調了AGI的潛力以及如果目標或控制不當可能帶來的“不可預見的風險”和“existentialquestions”（存在性疑問）。A項（暗示其創(chuàng)造可能帶來不可預見的風險和存在性疑問）與原文意思相符。B項（說明AGI是解決氣候變化的最佳方案）過度解讀且與原文不符。C項（認為AGI的發(fā)展完全不受控制）與原文“ifitsurpasseshumancontrol”不符。D項（提出AGI是道德風險的主要來源）將AGI與道德風險直接掛鉤，原文是“ifitsgoalsarenotalignedwithhumanvalues”，并非AGI本身的主要來源。5.D解析思路：根據最后一段，“Addressingthemrequiresamulti-facetedapproachinvolvingpolicymakers,technologists,ethicists,andthepublic.Opendialogue,robustregulation,andacommitmenttoethicalprinciplesinthedesignandimplementationofnewtechnologiesareessentialtoharnesstheirbenefitswhilemitigatingtheirpotentialharms.”（解決這些問題需要一個多方面的方法，涉及政策制定者、技術人員、倫理學家和公眾。開放的對話、強有力的監(jiān)管以及在新技術的設計和實施中堅持倫理原則對于利用其好處和減輕其潛在危害至關重要。）這里明確提到了需要政策制定者、技術人員、倫理學家和公眾的參與，以及開放對話、強力監(jiān)管和對倫理原則的承諾。D項（需要政策制定者、技術人員、倫理學家和公眾的參與，以及開放對話、強力監(jiān)管和對倫理原則的承諾）概括了作者推薦的方法。PassageTwo6.A解析思路：文章首段指出全球對氣候變化的緊迫認識，第二段詳述可再生能源轉型，第三段論述減排和森林保護的重要性，第四段指出實現進展的挑戰(zhàn)及國際合作的需求。全文圍繞“如何應對氣候變化”這一核心問題展開論述，故A項（主要探討了應對氣候變化的多種努力和挑戰(zhàn)）最能概括文章主旨。B項（描述了可再生能源的優(yōu)勢）片面。C項（分析了減少溫室氣體排放的途徑）片面。D項（強調了國際合作的重要性）是文章的一部分，但非全文主旨。7.B解析思路：根據第二段第二句，“Whilesolar,wind,hydroelectric,andotherformsofcleanenergyarebecomingincreasinglycost-competitivewithtraditionalfossilfuels,makingthemviablealternatives...”可知，清潔能源正變得與傳統化石燃料越來越具有成本競爭力，使其成為可行的替代品。這里的“cost-competitive”（成本競爭力）是可再生能源變得可行的關鍵因素。B項（清潔能源與傳統化石燃料的競爭日益激烈）準確表達了原文“cost-competitive”的意思。8.C解析思路：根據第三段第一句，“Anothercriticalcomponentofclimatechangemitigationinvolvesreducinggreenhousegasemissionsfromvarioussectors,particularlytransportationandindustry.”（減少溫室氣體排放的另一個關鍵組成部分涉及來自各個領域的溫室氣體排放，特別是交通和工業(yè)。）除了交通和工業(yè)，該句開頭使用了“varioussectors”（各個領域），暗示還有其他領域。結合上下文，農業(yè)（agriculture）是另一個主要的溫室氣體排放源，盡管原文未明確列出，但根據常識和文章主題，這是合理的推斷。C項（農業(yè)）是根據上下文推斷出的合理答案。9.A解析思路：根據第四段第一句，“Thetransitionawayfromestablishedindustriesandenergysystemsrequiressubstantialinvestmentandpoliticalwill.”（從既有的產業(yè)和能源系統轉型需要大量的投資和政治意愿。）這里指出，從現有產業(yè)和能源系統向新系統的轉型需要“大量的投資和政治意愿”（substantialinvestmentandpoliticalwill），這表明這是一個艱巨的任務，需要巨大的投入和決心。A項（實現顯著進展需要大量的投資和政治意愿）準確概括了原文的意思，即實現進展面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)。10.B解析思路：根據第四段最后一句，“Internationalagreements,suchastheParisAgreement,provideaframeworkforcollaboration,buttranslatingthesecommitmentsintoconcreteactionsandensuringcomplianceremainsachallenge.”（例如《巴黎協定》等國際協議為合作提供了框架，但將這些承諾轉化為具體行動并確保遵守仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)。）這里強調國際合作（internationalcooperation）之所以重要，是因為現有的國際協議（如《巴黎協定》）提供了合作框架，但將這些框架下的承諾轉化為實際行動并確保各國遵守仍然存在困難。B項（現有的國際協議需要轉化為具體行動并確保各國遵守）準確表達了原文的原因。PassageThree11.C解析思路：根據第一段第一句，“Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchangeinrecentdecades...hastransformedthenatureofcommunities,givingrisetonewformsofsocialconnectionthatareoftenlessgeographicallyconstrained.”（近年來技術變革的速度很快……改變了社區(qū)的性質，催生了新的社會聯系形式，這些形式通常不受地理位置的限制。）這里明確指出，技術變革是社區(qū)概念演變的主要驅動因素。C項（技術變革）與原文意思一致。12.A解析思路：根據第二段第二句，“Whiletheyoffernumerousbenefits,suchasprovidingsupportnetworks,facilitatinginformationsharing,andenablingconnectionswithlike-mindedindividuals...”可知，在線社區(qū)提供了許多好處，例如提供支持網絡、促進信息共享以及使志趣相投的人能夠建立聯系。A項（提供支持網絡）是原文提到的好處之一。雖然原文提到了其他好處，但題目問的是“一些”好處，A項是直接且明確提到的。13.A解析思路：根據第三段第二句，“Whiletechnologycanfacilitatecommunicationandconnectionamongcommunitymembers,itcanalsoleadtosocialfragmentation.Forinstance,theincreasedtimespentondigitaldevicesmayreduceopportunitiesforin-personinteractions,potentiallyweakeningthesocialfabricthatholdscommunitiestogether.”（雖然技術可以促進社區(qū)成員之間的溝通和聯系，但它也可能導致社會碎片化。例如，花在數字設備上的時間增加可能會減少面對面互動的機會，從而可能削弱將社區(qū)聯系在一起的社會紐帶。）這里指出，數字設備的使用可能減少面對面互動的機會，從而削弱社區(qū)的社會紐帶，即導致“社會碎片化”。A項（可能導致社會碎片化，減少面對面互動機會）概括了原文的意思。14.D解析思路：根據最后一段第二句，“Thereisagrowingrecognitionthatstrongsocialconnectionsareessentialforindividualwell-beingandthehealthofsocietyasawhole.Thishasledtoeffortstofosterbothonlineandtraditionalcommunitiesthatareinclusive,supportive,