專題01：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和一般過去時是英語時態(tài)中的基礎(chǔ)且重要的三種時態(tài)。以下是這三種時態(tài)的對比復(fù)習(xí)：一、定義對比1.一般現(xiàn)在時：描述習(xí)慣性、規(guī)律性的動作或狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞如always,often,sometimes,never等連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞原形（第三人稱單數(shù)主語時，動詞加s/es）。例子：IstudyEnglisheveryday.（我每天都學(xué)英語。）2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：描述現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與now,atthemoment,look,listen等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動詞（am/is/are）+動詞ing形式。例子：Sheisreadingabooknow.（她現(xiàn)在正在看書。）3.一般過去時：描述過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。常與表示過去的時間狀語如yesterday,lastweek,ago等連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞過去式。例子：Iplayedtennisyesterday.（我昨天打了網(wǎng)球。）二、時間標(biāo)志詞對比一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、一般過去時的時間標(biāo)志詞對比具體如下：時態(tài)時間標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時always（總是）、usually（通常）、often（經(jīng)常）、sometimes（有時）、everyweek（day,year,month…）（每周、每天、每年、每月……）、onceaweek（每周一次）、onSundays（在星期天）等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時now（現(xiàn)在）、atthistime（此時）、thesedays（這些天）等一般過去時yesterday（昨天）、yesterdaymorning（昨早）、yesterdayevening（昨晚）、thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）；lastweek（上周）、lastmonth（上個月）、lastyear（去年）、lastnight（昨晚）；twohoursago（兩小時前）、threeyearsago（三年前）、longlongago（很久以前）；onMay1,2018（在2018年5月1日）；once（曾經(jīng)）、justnow（剛剛）、thismorning（今天早上）、inthepast（在過去）等三、句型結(jié)構(gòu)對比以下是一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、一般過去時的句型對比：時態(tài)句型結(jié)構(gòu)示例一般現(xiàn)在時1.主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動詞單三形式（s/es）

2.其他主語或含be動詞時：主語+動詞原形/am/is/are1.Hereadsbookseveryday.

2.Theyplayfootball;3.Sheisateacher.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主語+am/is/are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞（ing）Thedogisbarkingloudly.一般過去時主語+動詞過去式Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.以下是各時態(tài)的詳細(xì)對比：1.一般現(xiàn)在時：表示目前經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作，表示客觀事實(shí)，主語目前的特征、狀態(tài)和能力等。時間標(biāo)志詞包括always、often、usually、everyday、onMondays、atweekends等?？隙ň洌好枋鰻顟B(tài)或習(xí)慣時，若謂語為be動詞，則結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+be+表語”；若謂語為實(shí)義動詞，則第三人稱單數(shù)主語后動詞加s/es，其他主語動詞用原形。例如：“Theyarestudents.”（表身份）；“Shewritesemailseveryday.”（表習(xí)慣）。否定句：在be動詞后加not；若謂語為實(shí)義動詞，則在主語后加don’t/doesn’t，動詞還原為原形。例如：“Iamnotlate.”；“Hedoesn’tlikecoffee.”疑問句：若謂語為be動詞，則將其提到主語前；若謂語為實(shí)義動詞，則在句首加Do/Does，動詞還原為原形。例如：“Areyouready?”；“Doesthetrainarriveontime?”2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作，或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時不一定在進(jìn)行的動作。時間標(biāo)志詞包括now、atthemoment、thesedays以及Look!、Listen!等提示詞。肯定句：結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+be+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞（ing）”。例如：“Iamwritinganarticle.”否定句：在be動詞后加not。例如：“IamnotwatchingTV.”疑問句：將be動詞提到主語前。例如：“Areyouplayingfootballnow?”3.一般過去時：表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，或過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間標(biāo)志詞包括yesterday、ago、lastyear、in+過去年份、onceuponatime等。肯定句：結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+動詞過去式”。例如：“Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.”否定句：在主語后加didn’t，動詞還原為原形。例如：“Ididn’tbuyayellowdressyesterdayafternoon.”疑問句：將助動詞did提到主語前，動詞還原為原形。例如：“Didyoubuyayellowdressyesterdayafternoon?”四、用法對比一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、一般過去時在英語中的用法各具特點(diǎn)，以下是這三種時態(tài)的用法對比：1.一般現(xiàn)在時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞原形（第三人稱單數(shù)+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式）。用法：表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性、真理性的動作或狀態(tài)。例如，“Shegoestoschoolatseveno’clock.”（她七點(diǎn)鐘去上學(xué)。）也用于表示客觀存在的事實(shí)和真理，或按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be（am/is/are）+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（v+ing）。用法：表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，常和now、rightnow、atthemoment等時間狀語連用。例如，“MyfatheriswatchingTVnow.”（我爸爸現(xiàn)在在看電視。）也表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行但說話時不一定在進(jìn)行的動作，常和thesedays、thisweek、atpresent等時間狀語連用。此外，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時還可以表示現(xiàn)在不斷發(fā)展變化的事情，以及按計劃或安排近期將要進(jìn)行的動作。3.一般過去時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞的過去式。用法：表示過去確定時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常與過去時間狀語連用，如yesterday、twodaysago、lastyear等。也用于表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作，或過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動作。五、動詞變化規(guī)則對比1.一般現(xiàn)在時：動詞第三人稱單數(shù)（三單）的變化規(guī)則主要遵循以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)一般規(guī)則：在動詞后直接加s。例如：work（工作）→works read（閱讀）→reads say（說）→says。(2)特定字母結(jié)尾的規(guī)則以s、x、ch、sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加es。例如：go（去）→goes teach（教）→teaches wash（洗）→washesdo（做）→does catch（抓?。鷆atches fix（修理）→fixes但需注意，部分以o結(jié)尾的動詞（如photo）僅加s，屬于例外。以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變?yōu)閕，再加es。例如：study（學(xué)習(xí)）→studies try（嘗試）→triescarry（攜帶）→carries fly（飛）→flies。若動以元音字母+y結(jié)尾，則直接加s。例如：play（玩）→plays stay（停留）→stays當(dāng)動詞以一個重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾為單個輔音字母時，需雙寫該輔音字母后加es。例如：stop（停止）→stops swim（游泳）→swims。(3)不規(guī)則變化一些常見的動詞有其特定的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，需要單獨(dú)記憶。例如：have（有）→has be（是）→is go（去）→goes do（做）→does。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則主要分為三類：一般規(guī)則、特殊規(guī)則及不規(guī)則變化。(1)一般規(guī)則絕大多數(shù)動詞在其原形詞尾直接加ing，無需改變拼寫。例如：work→working read→reading walk→walking sing→singing(2)特殊規(guī)則去e加ing：以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，需去掉e再加ing。例如：make→making write→writing ride→riding e→ing但需注意，若e發(fā)音（如be→/bi?/），則保留并加ing（being）。雙寫末尾輔音字母加ing：適用于以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞。這類動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)通常為“輔元輔”。例如：run→running stop→stopping sit→sitting begin→beginningy結(jié)尾動詞加ing：無論結(jié)尾是“輔音+y”還是“元音+y”，均直接加ing。例如：play→playing study→studying carry→carrying但需注意，少數(shù)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，在變?yōu)檫^去式或過去分詞時，y可能變?yōu)閕再加ed或en，但現(xiàn)在分詞形式仍直接加ing，如cry→crying。ie變y加ing：以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，需將ie改為y后加ing。例如：die→dying lie→lying（表示“躺”時）但需注意，lie表示“說謊”時，其過去式為lied，現(xiàn)在分詞形式并不變y加ing。(3)不規(guī)則變化少數(shù)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式不遵循上述規(guī)則，需單獨(dú)記憶。常見例子包括：go→going have→having do→doingbe→being see→seeing3.一般過去時：動詞過去式的變化主要分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩大類。規(guī)則變化遵循一定的規(guī)律：一般動詞在詞尾直接加ed，例如：play→played work→worked(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加d，例如：live→lived move→moved(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變?yōu)閕，再加ed，例如：study→studied cry→cried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫該輔音字母后加ed，例如：stop→stopped plan→planned(5)動詞過去式不規(guī)則變化：AAA型（原形/過去式/過去分詞一致）：cutcutcut hithithit shutshutshutreadreadread（發(fā)音/ri:d//red//red/） putputputABB型（過去式與過去分詞一致）：bringbroughtbrought buildbuiltbuilt buyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthought feelfeltfelt findfoundfoundhearheardheard havehadhad makemademadekeepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweepsweptsweptsmellsmeltsmeltABA型（原形與過去分詞一致）：ecamee beebecamebeerunranrun overeovercameovereABC型（原形、過去式、過去分詞均不同）：beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk writewrotewritteneatateeaten taketooktaken rideroderiddendrivedrovedriven speakspokespoken stealstolestolenchoosechosechosen gowentgone seesawseen dodiddone英美差異型：getgotgotten（美式）/got（英式） learnlearned（美式）/learnt（英式）hang（懸掛）hunghung hang（絞死）hangedhangedlie（躺）laylain lie（撒謊）liedliedshine（照耀）shone（英式）shone shine（擦亮）shined（美式）shined表格附件類型原形過去式過去分詞中文AAA型cutcutcuthithithitshutshutshutread/ri:d/read/red/read/red/putputputABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfoundhearheardheardhavehadhadmakemademadekeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptsmellsmeltsmelt類型原形過去式過去分詞中文ABA型ecameebeebecamebeerunranrunovereovercameovereABC型beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkwritewrotewritteneatateeatentaketooktakenrideroderiddendrivedrovedrivenspeakspokespokenstealstolestolenchoosechosechosengowentgoneseesawseendodiddone六、基礎(chǔ)鞏固練習(xí)用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.LastSunday,Tom______(play)soccerwithhisfriends.2.I______(watch)amoviewithmyfamilyyesterday.3.She______(clean)herroomlastnight.4.They______(visit)themuseumtwodaysago.5.Thecat______(jump)ontothetableandbrokeacup.6.We______(study)Englishforthreehoursyesterday.7.Mysister______(buy)anewdresslastweekend.8.He______(finish)hishomeworkbeforedinner.9.Theboys______(swim)intheriverlastsummer.10.I______(see)arainbowaftertherainstopped.11.Theteacher______(explain)thegrammarrulesclearly.12.They______(notgo)toschoolbecauseitwasaholiday.13.Mymom______(cook)adeliciousmealforusyesterday.14.Thedog______(bark)loudlyatthestranger.15.We______(have)apicnicintheparklastSaturday.16.She______(write)alettertoherpenpallastweek.17.Thechildren______(laugh)atthefunnystory.18.I______(lose)mykeysonthewayhome.19.He______(ride)hisbiketoschoolyesterdaymorning.20.Thestudents______(sing)asonginthemusicclass.21.Mydad______(fix)thebrokenchairlastnight.22.They______(noteat)breakfastbecausetheywerelate.23.Thetrain______(arrive)atthestationontime.24.She______(draw)abeautifulpictureinartclass.25.We______(climb)themountainandtookmanyphotos.26.Thephone______(ring)fivetimesbeforeIansweredit.27.I______(meet)mybestfriendatthelibraryyesterday.28.Thebaby______(cry)foranhourlastnight.29.He______(drink)allthemilkinthefridge.30.Thebirds______(fly)awaywhenweapproached.31.They______(build)asandcastleonthebeach.32.I______(forget)tobringmyumbrella,soIgotwet.33.Thesun______(shine)brightlyyesterdayafternoon.34.She______(notfinish)hermathhomework.35.Thewind______(blow)theleavesoffthetrees.36.We______(dance)atthepartyuntilmidnight.37.Theboy______(cut)hisfingerwhilecooking.38.They______(plant)someflowersinthegarden.39.I______(send)anemailtomyteacherthismorning.40.Thedog______(chase)thecataroundthehouse.41.He______(break)hislegwhileskiinglastwinter.42.Thestudents______(practice)basketballafterschool.43.We______(win)thegamelastweek!44.She______(read)abookaboutdinosaursyesterday.45.Thebus______(stop)suddenly,andIalmostfell.46.Mybrother______(teach)mehowtorideabike.47.They______(notcatch)anyfishduringthetrip.48.I______(hear)astrangenoiseintheattic.49.Theoldman______(tell)usaninterestingstory.50.Theclock______(strike)twelve,andeveryonecheered.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Lucy______hergrandparentslastweekend. A.visits B.visited C.isvisiting D.visit()2.They______anewcarlastmonth. A.buy B.buys C.bought D.arebuying()3.Thecat______thefishandranaway. A.steals B.stole C.isstealing D.stolen()4.I______myhomeworkbefore8p.m.yesterday. A.finish B.finishes C.finished D.amfinishing()5.—Whatdidyoudolastnight? —I______asciencedocumentary. A.watch B.watched C.amwatching D.willwatch()6.Thechildren______kitesintheparkyesterday. A.fly B.flew C.areflying D.flies()7.She______herkeysonthebusyesterday. A.loses B.lose C.lost D.islosing()8.We______apicnicbecauseitrained. A.don’thaveB.didn’thave C.aren’thaving D.won’thave()9.Theteacher______thelessonclearly. A.explains B.explained C.isexplaining D.explain()10.He______hislegwhileplayingsoccer. A.breaks B.broke C.isbreaking D.willbreak()11.Thebirds______awaywhenweshouted. A.fly B.flew C.areflying D.flies()12.Mysister______acakeformybirthday. A.makes B.made C.ismaking D.make()13.They______tothezoolastSunday. A.go B.goes C.went D.aregoing()14.Thephone______threetimesbeforeIanswered. A.rings B.rang C.isringing D.rung()15.I______alettertomyfriendyesterday. A.write B.wrote C.amwriting D.willwrite()16.Thewind______thepapersoffthedesk. A.blows B.blew C.isblowing D.blow()17.She______herbreakfastquicklythismorning. A.eats B.ate C.iseating D.eat()18.Thedog______atthemailmanthismorning. A.barks B.barked C.isbarking D.bark()19.We______afunnymovielastnight. A.see B.saw C.areseeing D.sees()20.Thebaby______foranhourlastnight.A.cries B.cried C.iscrying D.cry七、提升拔高練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Look!Whothereintheriver? A.swim B.swims C.isswimmingD.areswimming()2.Let'sdiscusstheplan(討論計劃),shallwe?Notnow.I_____toaninterview（面試）. A.go B.went C.amgoing D.wasgoing()3.Oneoftheboyssittingnearthedoor. A.is B.are C.am D.be()4.—Mum, Ican'tfindmyshoes.—Hurryup!Yourfather_____forus.A.iswaiting(等待) B.waited C.waits D.willwait()5.Helen,thankyousomuch.You_____always_____me. A.don’t,help B.are,helping C./,help()6.It’sseveninthemorning.Myfamily_________breakfast.A.have B.ishaving C.arehaving D.has()7.Nancywithherfriends__________now. A.play B.plays C.isplaying D.areplaying()8.—Canyouanswerthedoor(開門),Jim?I_____thedishes（盤子）. —I'ming,dad.A.do B.did C.havedone D.amdoing()9.He_______hisclassmates.A.getalongwellwith(友好相處) B.getwellwith C.isgettingalongwellwith D.isgetwellwith()10.—MayIspeaktoMr.Wang?—Sorry.Heaspeech（演講）now.Pleasecalllater.A.gives B.gaveC.willgive D.isgiving ()11.Bequick!Jimforusdownstairs. A.waits B.iswaiting C.willwait D.waited()12.Hey,Jane.MayIborrowyourmobilephone,please?Justamoment.Iamessage. A.send B.sent C.amsending D.havesent()13.Where’sTom?Hismotherhimnow. A.islookingfor B.willlookforC.haslookedfor D.looksfor用動詞的正確時態(tài)填空。1.I(talk).You(listen)tomenow.2.Look!Theboy(run)fast.3.Whatareyoudoing?I(do)myhomework.4.thestudents(read)English？Yes,theyare.5.Tom(notstudy)English.HeisstudyingChinese.6.Who(sing)asong?SisterFengis.7.Wherethey(stand)?Theyarestandingoverthere.8.WhatisMeimeidoingnow?She(watch)TVwithherparents9.Weoften(buy)booksandthingslikethatintheshop.10.Polly(noteat)abanananow.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.Theyaredoinghomework.(改為否定句)2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)3.I’mplayingfootballontheplayground.(對畫線