微生物考試題及答案英語

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingisaprokaryote?A.YeastB.AlgaeC.BacteriaD.MoldAnswer:C2.WhatisthemaincomponentofthecellwallofGram-positivebacteria?A.LipopolysaccharideB.PeptidoglycanC.ProteinD.PhospholipidAnswer:B3.Whichmicroorganismcanproduceantibiotics?A.VirusB.FungiC.ProtozoaD.BacteriaAnswer:B4.Theshapeofacoccusis?A.Rod-likeB.SpiralC.SphericalD.FilamentousAnswer:C5.Whichofthefollowingisafacultativeanaerobe?A.ClostridiumtetaniB.EscherichiacoliC.MycobacteriumtuberculosisD.BacillussubtilisAnswer:B6.Whatisthemostcommonmethodforsterilizationinthelaboratory?A.FiltrationB.UVirradiationC.AutoclavingD.ChemicaldisinfectionAnswer:C7.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofviruses?A.HaveacompletecellstructureB.CanreproduceindependentlyC.NeedahostcelltoreproduceD.HaveapeptidoglycancellwallAnswer:C8.Whichofthefollowingbacteriacanformendospores?A.StaphylococcusaureusB.LactobacillusacidophilusC.BacillusanthracisD.StreptococcuspneumoniaeAnswer:C9.Whatisthefunctionofplasmidsinbacteria?A.ControllingbasiclifeactivitiesB.DeterminingcellshapeC.Carryingsomenon-essentialgenesD.FormingthecellwallAnswer:C10.Whichofthefollowingisusedforthecultureofanaerobicmicroorganisms?A.AerobicincubatorB.AnaerobicjarC.ShakingincubatorD.RefrigeratorAnswer:B二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingareeukaryoticmicroorganisms?A.FungiB.ProtozoaC.AlgaeD.BacteriaAnswer:ABC2.Whatarethecommonshapesofbacteria?A.CoccusB.BacillusC.SpiralD.SquareAnswer:ABC3.Whichofthefollowingfactorscanaffectthegrowthofmicroorganisms?A.TemperatureB.pHC.OxygenconcentrationD.NutrientavailabilityAnswer:ABCD4.Whatarethemainmethodsfortheidentificationofbacteria?A.MorphologicalcharacteristicsB.BiochemicaltestsC.SerologicaltestsD.MolecularbiologicalmethodsAnswer:ABCD5.Whichofthefollowingarethefunctionsofthecellmembraneofmicroorganisms?A.TransportofsubstancesB.EnergygenerationC.CellrecognitionD.MaintainingcellshapeAnswer:ABC6.Whatarethemaintypesofmicrobialmetabolism?A.AerobicrespirationB.AnaerobicrespirationC.FermentationD.PhotosynthesisAnswer:ABCD7.Whichofthefollowingarethemaincharacteristicsoffungi?A.HaveacellwallB.EukaryoticC.CanbeunicellularormulticellularD.ReproducebysporesAnswer:ABCD8.Whichofthefollowingarethewaysofvirustransmission?A.AirborneB.Fecal-oralrouteC.ContacttransmissionD.Vector-bornetransmissionAnswer:ABCD9.Whatarethemaincomponentsofabacterialcell?A.CellwallB.CellmembraneC.CytoplasmD.NucleoidAnswer:ABCD10.Whichofthefollowingaretheapplicationsofmicroorganismsinindustry?A.ProductionofantibioticsB.ProductionofenzymesC.ProductionoffoodD.ProductionofbiofuelsAnswer:ABCD三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.Allbacteriaareharmfultohumans.(False)2.Virusescanbeseenunderalightmicroscope.(False)3.Fungicanreproducebothsexuallyandasexually.(True)4.Prokaryoteshaveanucleus.(False)5.Microorganismscanonlygrowinaliquidmedium.(False)6.ThecellwallofGram-negativebacteriaisthickerthanthatofGram-positivebacteria.(False)7.Somebacteriacanmovebyflagella.(True)8.Antibioticscankillallmicroorganisms.(False)9.Alleukaryoticmicroorganismsaremulticellular.(False)10.Bacterialendosporesareaformofreproduction.(False)四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Brieflydescribethestructureofabacterialcell.Answer:Abacterialcellhasacellwallthatprovidessupportandprotection.Thecellmembranecontrolsthetransportofsubstances.Thecytoplasmcontainsvariousenzymesandribosomesformetabolism.Thenucleoidcontainsthegeneticmaterial(DNA).Somebacteriamayhaveflagellaformovement,piliforattachment,andplasmidswhichcarryextra-geneticinformation.2.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenprokaryotesandeukaryotes?Answer:Prokaryoteslackatruenucleusandmembrane-boundorganelles.TheirDNAisinanucleoidregion.Eukaryoteshaveanucleuswithanuclearmembraneandvariousmembrane-boundorganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulumetc.3.Howdovirusesinfecthostcells?Answer:Virusesattachtospecificreceptorsonthehostcellsurface.Thentheyinjecttheirnucleicacid(DNAorRNA)intothehostcell.Theviralnucleicacidtakesoverthehostcell'smachinerytoreplicateitselfandproducenewvirusparticles.4.Whatarethefactorstobeconsideredinthesterilizationprocess?Answer:Factorsincludethetypeofmicroorganismtobekilled,thenatureoftheobjecttobesterilized,thetemperature,pressure,timeofthesterilizationmethod,andthepresenceofanysubstancesthatmayinterferewiththesterilizationprocess.五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）1.Discusstheimportanceofmicroorganismsintheenvironment.Answer:Microorganismsplayimportantrolesinnutrientcyclinglikecarbonandnitrogencycles.Theydecomposedeadorganisms,releasingnutrientsbackintotheenvironment.Somecanalsofixnitrogen,makingitavailableforplants.Theyarealsoinvolvedinbioremediation,cleaninguppollutantsintheenvironment.2.Howdoantibioticsworkagainstbacteria?Answer:Antibioticsworkindifferentways.Someinhibitcellwallsynthesis,makingthebacteriaunabletomaintaintheirshapeandstructure.Othersinterferewithproteinsynthesis,DNAreplicationorothermetabolicprocessesessentialforbacterialgrowthandsurvi