第一部分基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)講析必修第二冊(cè)UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSⅠ.分類記單詞

快速掌握1.

閱讀單詞——認(rèn)一認(rèn)(1)Confucius

n.

?(2)mansion

n.

?(3)cemetery

n.

?(4)descendant

n.

?(5)heel

n.

?(6)kingdom

n.

?孔子公館；宅第墓地；公墓后裔；后代；子孫足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟王國(guó)；領(lǐng)域(7)chief

adj.

?n.

?最重要的；最高級(jí)別的(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長(zhǎng)(8)currency

n.

?(9)military

adj.

?(10)conquer

vt.

?(11)port

n.

?(12)fascinating

adj.

?(13)gallery

n.

?通貨；貨幣軍事的；軍用的占領(lǐng)；征服；控制港口(城市)

極有吸引力的；迷人的(藝術(shù)作品的)展覽館；畫(huà)廊(14)butter

n.

vt.

?(15)honey

n.

?黃油；奶油涂黃油于蜂蜜(16)ancestor

n.

?(17)courtyard

n.

?(18)snack

n.

?(19)county

n.

?(20)feast

n.

?(21)dot

n.

vt.

?祖宗；祖先庭院；院子點(diǎn)心；小吃(英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭的)郡；(美國(guó)的)縣盛宴；宴會(huì)；節(jié)日點(diǎn)；小(圓)點(diǎn)加點(diǎn)；遍布(22)cattle

n.

?(23)roar

vi.&

n.

?(24)ocean

n.

?(25)scent

n.

?(26)pub

n.

?(27)wine

n.

?(28)beer

n.

?(29)stew

n.

?vt.&

vi.

?(30)sensory

adj.

?(31)transition

n.

?吼叫；咆哮大海；海洋氣味；氣息酒吧；酒館葡萄酒；果酒(一杯)啤酒燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)

燉；煨感覺(jué)的；感官的過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷牛2.

核心單詞——寫一寫(1)

adj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的

n.個(gè)人(2)

adj.附近的；鄰近的

adv.在附近(3)

n.戰(zhàn)役；搏斗

vi.&

vt.搏斗；奮斗(4)

n.收費(fèi)；指控；主管vt.收費(fèi)；控告；充電(5)

n.金額；數(shù)量(6)

n.方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近individual

nearby

battle

charge

amount

approach

(7)

vt.保證；確保；擔(dān)保(8)

n.(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風(fēng)景(9)

adj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的(10)

n.位置；姿態(tài)；職位vt.安裝；安置(11)

vi.&

vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)n.卷(軸)；翻滾(12)

n.風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣(13)

adj.引人注目的；顯著的ensure

landscape

generous

position

roll

custom

striking

(14)

n.哲學(xué)→

n.哲學(xué)家(15)

n.謎；智力游戲；疑問(wèn)vt.迷惑；使困惑→

adj.令人迷惑的；令人困惑

的→

adj.感到困惑的；迷惑不解的(16)

vi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)→

n.歸屬

感；(常用復(fù)數(shù))所有物，財(cái)物(17)

n.防御；保衛(wèi)→

v.防衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)

→

adj.防御的；保護(hù)的(18)

adj.法律的；合法的→

adj.不合法的philosophy

philosopher

puzzle

puzzling

puzzled

belong

belonging

defence

defend

defensive

legal

illegal

(19)

vt.圍繞；包圍→

adj.周圍

的；附近的→

n.環(huán)境(20)

n.證據(jù)；證明→

adj.明顯的(21)

n.成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→

vt.達(dá)

到，取得(22)

n.地方；地點(diǎn)；位置→

vt.確

定……的準(zhǔn)確位置；找出……的位置(23)

vt.宣布；通知；聲稱

→

n.宣布；通知→

n.廣播

員；解說(shuō)員surround

surrounding

surroundings

evidence

evident

achievement

achieve

location

locate

announce

announcement

announcer

(24)

adj.熱切的；渴望的→

adv.熱切

地；渴望地→

n.渴望；熱切(25)

n.詩(shī)人→

n.詩(shī)；韻文(26)

vt.問(wèn)候；迎接→

n.招呼；迎接；問(wèn)

候的話；祝詞(27)

n.人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠→

adj.擁擠的eager

eagerly

eagerness

poet

poem

greet

greeting

crowd

crowded

Ⅱ.填空習(xí)短語(yǔ)

高效識(shí)記1.

把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)2.

脫離；背叛；逃脫3.

?屬于4.

同(一樣也)；和；還5.

留心；留意6.

?導(dǎo)致7.

be

referred

to

as

?8.

leave

behind

?join…to…

break

away(from

sb./sth.)

belong

to

as

well

as

keep

your

eyes

open

(for)

result

in

被稱作留下9.

date

back

to

?10.

add…to…

?11.

in

ruins

?追溯到把……加入成為廢墟Ⅲ.精彩寫句式

典句背誦1.

Almost

everywhere

you

go

in

the

UK，you

will

be

surrounded

by

evidence

of

four

different

groups

of

people

who

took

over

at

different

times

throughout

history.(everywhere“任

何地方”，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)2.

They

(修建城堡)

all

around

England，

and

made

changes

to

the

legal

system.(have

sth.

done“讓某事

被做，請(qǐng)/讓某人做某事”)had

castles

built

3.

With

all

this

beauty，

(讓人不奇

怪)

Ireland

has

developed

strong

traditions

that

include

music，

dancing，and

dining.(it

is＋adj.＋that…)it

is

not

surprising

that

puzzle

n.迷；智力游戲；疑問(wèn)

vt.迷惑；使困惑[教材原句]

Getting

to

know

a

little

bit

about

British

history

will

help

you

solve

this

puzzle.稍微了解一下英國(guó)歷史，就可以幫你解開(kāi)這個(gè)謎題。

(1)puzzle

over/about

sth.苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨puzzle

sth.

out琢磨出某事的答案a

puzzle

to

sb.一件讓某人感到困惑的事be

puzzled

about…對(duì)……感到困惑be

in

a

puzzle不知如何是好，感到困惑(2)puzzled

adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的(3)puzzling

adj.令人迷惑不解的①He

read

the

email

his

wife

posted

to

him

with

a

?

expression

on

his

face.他讀了妻子給他的電子郵件，表情疑惑。②I’m

puzzled

about

this

situation.我對(duì)這種情況感到迷惑。puzzled

③Although

he

had

been

puzzling

about

the

puzzling

problem

for

weeks，the

puzzled

look

on

his

face

suggested

he

was

still

puzzled

over

it—that

is，he

was

still

in

a

puzzle.那個(gè)問(wèn)題盡管他已冥思苦想了好幾個(gè)星期，但是他臉上困惑

的表情表明他仍然對(duì)此感到迷惑不解——也就是說(shuō)，他仍然

不知如何是好。

surround

vt.圍繞；包圍[教材原句]

Almost

everywhere

you

go

in

the

UK，you

will

be

surrounded

by

evidence

of

four

different

groups

of

people

who

took

over

at

different

times

throughout

history.英國(guó)歷史上有四個(gè)不同民族在不同歷史時(shí)期執(zhí)掌這個(gè)國(guó)家，

無(wú)論你身處英國(guó)何方，這些民族的遺跡都隨處可見(jiàn)。

(1)surround

sb./sth.

with

sb./sth.用某人/物包圍某人/物be

surrounded

by/with…被……包圍(2)surrounding

adj.周圍的；附近的surroundings

n.環(huán)境①That

means

a

transparent

object

doesn’t

look

very

different

from

the

(surround)

air

or

water.那就意味著一個(gè)透明的物體看起來(lái)與周圍的空氣或者水沒(méi)什

么不同。surrounding

②He

likes

to

surround

himself

beautiful

things.他喜歡生活在美的環(huán)境中。③I

saw

an

old

farmer

surrounded

by

a

lot

of

students.我看到一位老農(nóng)民被一些學(xué)生圍著。＝I

saw

a

lot

of

students

an

old

farmer.我看見(jiàn)很多學(xué)生圍著一位老農(nóng)民。with

surrounding

charge

n.收費(fèi)；指控；主管；掌管

vt.收費(fèi)；控告；指

控；充電[教材原句]

Judy

and

I

had

our

car

parked

in

an

underground

car

park

near

Trafalgar

Square，where

we

could

get

our

car

battery

charged.朱迪和我把車停在特拉法加廣場(chǎng)附近的一個(gè)地下停車場(chǎng)，在

那里我們可以給汽車充電。寫出下列句中charge的詞性和含義①The

man

they

arrested

last

night

has

been

charged

with

murder.

?②What

did

he

charge

for

the

repairs？

?vt.指控vt.收費(fèi)③He

forgot

to

charge

the

battery.

?④The

files

were

left

in

your

charge.

?vt.充電n.掌管⑤Admission

is

at

normal

charges

and

you

don’t

need

to

book.入場(chǎng)費(fèi)與平時(shí)一樣，你不需要預(yù)訂。⑥What

did

they

the

repairs？他們收了多少修理費(fèi)？⑦With

the

ticket，you

may

get

a

French

fries

free

of

charge.憑此券你可以免費(fèi)得到一份法式炸薯?xiàng)l。⑧The

man

who

had

taken

charge

of

the

company

was

charged

with

taking

drugs.曾經(jīng)掌管這家公司的那個(gè)人被指控吸毒。charge

for

⑨The

company

is

in

the

charge

of

Tom

while

the

boss

is

away.＝Tom

is

in

charge

of

the

company

while

the

boss

is

away.老板不在時(shí)湯姆負(fù)責(zé)這家公司。[名師點(diǎn)津]

(1)charge和accuse都有“指控，控告”之意，但

是charge常與with搭配，而accuse常與of搭配。(2)in

charge

of往往以人作主語(yǔ)，指“某人負(fù)責(zé)(主管)某事”；in

the

charge

of往往以物作主語(yǔ)，指“某物由某人主管”。

approach

n.方法；途徑；接近

vt.接近；接洽；著手處

理

vi.靠近[教材原句]

It

was

hard

to

approach

the

painting

as

there

were

so

many

people

around.由于周圍人太多，(朱蒂)很難接近這幅畫(huà)。(1)寫出下列句中approach的詞性及含義①Once

lighthouses

had

telephones，keepers

would

call

each

other

to

warn

that

the

inspector

was

approaching.

?②Snow

announced

the

approach

of

winter.

?v.接近n.接近③His

new

book

presents

a

new

approach

to

foreign

language

teaching.

?(1)approach

sb.

for/about

sth.與某人接洽某事…be

approaching

……快到了；……臨近with…approaching在……快到的時(shí)候(2)at

the

approach

of…在……快到的時(shí)候an

approach

to(doing)

sth.(做)某事的方法n.方法，途徑[易混辨析]approach，way，means，method含

義四者都有“方式”“方法”“途徑”之意，但approach側(cè)重指待人、做事或思考問(wèn)題的方式；way為一般用語(yǔ)；means指可以得到結(jié)果的方法；method指有規(guī)律的、有條理的做法。approach，way，means，method搭

配①表達(dá)“做……的方法”時(shí)各自的搭配分別是：the

approach

to

(doing)

sth.the

way

to

do/of

(doing)

sth.the

means

of

(doing)

sth.the

method

of

(doing)

sth.②分別與不同的介詞搭配：with

this

method，in

this

way，by

this

means④[2020·浙江卷]I

couldn’t

see

Don，but

as

I

approached

the

tractor

he

jumped

out

onto

the

road，apparently

unhurt，and

dashed

back

to

me.我看不到唐，但當(dāng)我走近拖拉機(jī)時(shí)，他跳到路上，毫發(fā)無(wú)

損，沖了回來(lái)。⑤They

took

a

more

reasonable

approach，conveying

to

their

children

how

success

at

school

could

improve

their

lives.他們選擇了一種更合理的方法，向他們的孩子傳達(dá)一個(gè)思

想：在學(xué)校的成功如何改善他們的生活。⑥Our

English

has

improved

quickly

by

this

means.通過(guò)這種方式，我們的英語(yǔ)水平提高地很快。(2)一句多譯隨著教師節(jié)的臨近，今年我們班決定換一種方式，舉行一場(chǎng)

晚會(huì)來(lái)慶祝這個(gè)重要的節(jié)日。①As

Teachers’

Day

，our

class

decided

to

hold

a

party

to

celebrate

the

important

day

for

a

change

this

year.②

the

approach

of

Teachers’

Day，our

class

decided

to

hold

a

party

to

celebrate

the

important

day

for

a

change

this

year.was

approaching

At

③

Teachers’

Day

approaching，our

class

decided

to

hold

a

party

to

celebrate

the

important

day

for

a

change

this

year.With

amount

n.金額；數(shù)量a

(small/large)

amount

of＋不可數(shù)名詞少/大量的……(作主語(yǔ)

時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))(small/large)

amounts

of＋不可數(shù)名詞少/大量的……(作主語(yǔ)

時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作用復(fù)數(shù))the

amount

of＋不可數(shù)名詞……的數(shù)量amount

to合計(jì)，總共；等于，相當(dāng)于①Large

amounts

of

money

(need)

for

the

trip.②

proper

amount

of

exercise

contributes

to

our

health.are

needed

A

eager

adj.熱切的；渴望的(1)be

eager

for

sth.渴望得到某事/物be

eager

to

do

sth.渴望做某事be

eager

that…should

do

sth….渴望做……(2)eagerness

n.渴望；熱切with

eagerness＝eagerly熱切地；急切地hide

one’s

eagerness掩飾某人的渴望I’m

eager

(know)

the

result

of

the

exam.to

know

belong

to屬于[教材原句]

The

four

countries

that

belong

to

the

United

Kingdom

work

together

in

some

areas.同屬于聯(lián)合王國(guó)的這四個(gè)國(guó)家在某些領(lǐng)域緊密合作。(1)belong

to表示“是……的財(cái)產(chǎn)；是……的組成部分；

是……的成員(屬于)”。不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；作后

置定語(yǔ)時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。(2)belong

to中的to為介詞，其后接名詞/代詞作賓語(yǔ)，不可接

名詞性物主代詞。(3)belong還可用于除to以外的其他介詞或副詞前面，如in，

on，among，under，with等，表示“某人/某物處在適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

位置；在這個(gè)地方正合適/有用”。①All

the

workers

(belong)

to

the

factory

must

obey

the

rule.這個(gè)工廠的所有工人必須遵守這個(gè)規(guī)定。②In

my

opinion，you’d

better

put

the

book

it

belongs.依我看來(lái)，你最好把書(shū)放回應(yīng)放置的地方。③After

three

years

in

Cambridge，I

finally

feel

as

if

I

belong

here.在劍橋待了三年之后，我終于感覺(jué)我屬于這里了。

belonging

to

which

as

well

as同(一樣也)；和；還[教材原句]

They

use

the

same

flag，known

as

the

Union

Jack，as

well

as

share

the

same

currency

and

military

defence.像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗，稱

為英國(guó)國(guó)旗。(1)as

well

as用作連詞，連接兩個(gè)相同的成分，如：名詞、

代詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等；當(dāng)后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用－ing形

式；連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與前面的主語(yǔ)

保持一致。(2)as

well

as可作為well的同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和……一樣

好”。(3)may/might

as

well

do

sth.表示“最好做某事；做……倒也

無(wú)妨”。①A

desk

dictionary

is

medium-sized，generally

containing

over

170，000

entries

as

well

as

extra

features.一本桌面詞典是中等尺寸，一般包含超過(guò)17萬(wàn)條詞條，以及

額外的特例。②If

that

is

the

case，we

try.如果情況是這樣，我們不妨試一試。③Captions

usually

summarize

the

author’s

main

point

as

well.說(shuō)明性的文字通常也會(huì)總結(jié)作者的主要觀點(diǎn)。may

as

well

④Amy，as

well

as

her

brothers，was

given

a

warm

welcome

when

returning

to

the

village

last

week.上周艾米和她的兄弟們回到村莊時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。

result

in導(dǎo)致(1)result

from…因……而引起；因……而導(dǎo)致(2)as

a

result結(jié)果；因此(作狀語(yǔ))as

a/the

result

of…由于……；因?yàn)椤瓀ithout

result毫無(wú)結(jié)果[名師點(diǎn)津]

result

in(導(dǎo)致)與lead

to(導(dǎo)致)同義，且in與to皆

為介詞，兩短語(yǔ)可互換。①There

is

no

doubt

that

your

success

has

resulted

your

hard

work.②[2021·天津卷]The

project

also

resulted

a

reduction

in

the

amount

of

medicines

used

to

perform

medical-imaging

(醫(yī)學(xué)

影像)

procedures.③He

didn’t

work

hard；

a

result，he

failed

his

exam.④He

was

injured

as

a

result

the

traffic

accident.from

in

as

of

add…to…把……加入add

to增加；增添add

up合乎情理；把……加起來(lái)add

up

to總共是；總計(jì)為①The

soup

is

too

salty

and

you’d

better

add

some

more

water

it.②Fireworks

added

the

attraction

of

the

festival

night.③Add

these

figures

and

give

me

the

total.④His

entire

school

education

(add)

up

to

more

than

a

year.to

to

up

added

The

peaceful

landscape

of

the

“Emerald

Isle”

and

its

many

green

counties

is

a

true

feast

for

the

eyes，with

its

rolling

green

hills

dotted

with

sheep

and

cattle.“綠寶石(愛(ài)

爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛

羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。[句式點(diǎn)撥]句子中的with

its

rolling

green

hills

dotted

with

sheep

and

cattle是with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)

構(gòu)在句中常作時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。①[2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷]With

the

young

unable

to

afford

to

leave

home

and

the

old

at

risk

of

isolation(孤獨(dú))，more

families

are

choosing

to

live

together.由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著孤獨(dú)的

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起。②With

more

and

more

trees

(cut)

down，some

animals

are

facing

the

danger

of

dying

out.由于越來(lái)越多的樹(shù)木被砍伐，一些動(dòng)物正面臨著滅絕的危

險(xiǎn)。③With

a

local

guide

(lead)

the

way，we

got

there

easily.有當(dāng)?shù)叵驅(qū)?，我們很容易就到了那兒。④Suddenly，he

saw

a

car

with

its

bright

lights

on.突然，他看到了一輛開(kāi)著車燈的汽車。cut

leading

With

all

this

beauty，it

is

not

surprising

that

Ireland

has

developed

strong

traditions

that

include

music，dancing，

and

dining.鄉(xiāng)村景色如此優(yōu)美，在愛(ài)爾蘭形成這些濃郁的包

括音樂(lè)、舞蹈以及餐飲方面的傳統(tǒng)就一點(diǎn)也不讓人覺(jué)得奇怪

了。[句式點(diǎn)撥]句中的it

is

not

surprising

that是it作形式主語(yǔ)的一

種形式。英語(yǔ)中用it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型有：(1)It＋be＋adj.＋主語(yǔ)從句如若形容詞為important/necessary，good/wrong，natural…表

達(dá)一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備時(shí)，多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should＋

v.)。但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，

完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。(2)It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋主語(yǔ)從句這類過(guò)去分詞有：

announced，believed，

expected，

hoped，decided，reported，said，shown等。如果主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等詞，如

suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded等時(shí)，that后

的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should＋動(dòng)詞原形)，should可以省

略。(3)It＋be＋名詞詞組＋主語(yǔ)從句這類名詞有：a

fact，a

pity，a

shame，an

honour，a

question

等。(4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)從句這類不及物動(dòng)詞有：

appear，

seem，

happen，matter等。①

is

important

that

we

(should)

learn

English

well.②It

(report)

that

16

people

were

killed

in

the

earthquake.③It’s

pity

that

you

missed

the

exciting

football

match.④It

(happen)

that

I

was

out

when

he

called.It

is

reported

a

happened

Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞A)根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示，寫出所缺單詞。1.

We

have

been

(接洽)

by

a

number

of

companies

that

are

interested

in

our

product.2.

Arizona’s

desert

(風(fēng)景)

is

really

eyecatching.3.

He

was

(慷慨的)

enough

to

congratulate

his

successor

on

his

decision.approached

landscape

generous

4.

The

(感覺(jué)的)

system

may

undergo

long-term

adaptation

in

alien

environments.5.

All

transactions

have

been

(記在……賬上)

to

your

account.sensory

charged

B)在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正

確形式。6.

[2021·全國(guó)甲卷]I

used

classical

techniques…

?

(achieve)

the

black-and-white

image.7.

[2021·浙江卷]Most

parents

will

have

(eager)

asked

their

child

about

their

day…8.

He

wants

to

have

his

eyes

(examine)

tomorrow.to

achieve

eagerly

examined

9.

The

winners

of

the

writing

competition

were

(announce)

yesterday.10.

With

the

final

examination

(approach)，

many

students

are

busy

preparing

for

it.announced

approaching

Ⅱ.選詞填空belong

to；in

ruins；date

back

to；keep

one’s

eyes

open；in

charge；leave

behind；as

well

as；join…

to…；result

in；

break

away

from1.

My

interest

in

stamp

collecting

my

schooldays.2.

Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry

and

biology

all

the

College

Entrance

Examination

subjects.dates

back

to

belong

to

3.

Only

then

did

I

realise

that

it

was

so

foolish

of

me

to

?

all

of

my

friends

and

never

contact

them.4.

You

must

if

you

are

going

to

make

your

trip

to

the

United

Kingdom

enjoyable

and

worthwhile.5.

However，mental

health

is

easy

to

be

overlooked，which

can

serious

mental

diseases.6.

And

I

regard

it

as

a

good

chance

to

broaden

my

view

?

improve

my

spoken

English.break

away

from

ke