39/60第03講閱讀理解——研究報(bào)告類(lèi)說(shuō)明文目錄01TOC\o"1-3"\h\u202體系構(gòu)建·思維可視 403核心突破·靶向攻堅(jiān) 4考點(diǎn)一考查研究報(bào)告problem--solution--result類(lèi) 5知識(shí)點(diǎn)1研究性報(bào)告 5知識(shí)點(diǎn)2problem--solution--result類(lèi)研究報(bào)告 5考點(diǎn)二考查研究報(bào)告Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)類(lèi) 14考點(diǎn)三考查研究報(bào)告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion類(lèi) 2404真題溯源·考向感知 35閱讀理解之研究報(bào)告（說(shuō)明文）年份卷別主題語(yǔ)境話(huà)題分類(lèi)2025新高考I卷C篇人與社會(huì)D篇人與社會(huì)介紹了西方城市過(guò)度圍繞汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)致行人流動(dòng)性下降關(guān)于減少自來(lái)水中微塑料污染的新研究新高考II卷C篇人與社會(huì)D篇人與社會(huì)室內(nèi)植物對(duì)人們心理健康和工作效率的積極影響介紹了食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題浙江卷1月C篇人與自然D篇人與社會(huì)介紹了一種新型園藝設(shè)計(jì)方法——矩陣種植新技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)人類(lèi)特質(zhì)時(shí)人們?cè)噲D使其去性別化，但性別是人們與物體建立聯(lián)系的基本方式，且創(chuàng)造無(wú)性別物體很難，擬人化或能改變刻板印象。北京卷D篇人與自我講述了個(gè)人故事與自我認(rèn)同、幸福感之間的關(guān)系及如何改變個(gè)人故事。2024新高考I卷C篇：人與社會(huì)D篇：人與自然紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀在學(xué)習(xí)效果上的差異現(xiàn)代生物采樣數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)性新高考II卷B篇：人與社會(huì)C篇：人與社會(huì)D篇：人與社會(huì)舊金山灣區(qū)快速交通引入短篇故事自助服務(wù)亭巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)圖書(shū)《人工智能設(shè)計(jì):與人工智能共生的計(jì)劃》全國(guó)甲卷B篇：人與自然了解貓的行為浙江卷1月人與自我兒童棉花糖實(shí)驗(yàn)引發(fā)思考2023新高考I卷C篇：人與社會(huì)D篇：人與社會(huì)數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式“群體智慧”效新高考II卷人與自然保護(hù)城市中的野生自然全國(guó)甲卷人與自然美國(guó)灰熊從瀕危物種恢復(fù)到2000多頭浙江卷1月人與社會(huì)新型的太陽(yáng)能農(nóng)場(chǎng)北京卷C篇：人與社會(huì)D篇：人與社會(huì)短期主義ALife是否也在不斷地進(jìn)化的考情分析：1．從命題內(nèi)容上看，高考命題主要從以下幾方面考查：研究報(bào)告是說(shuō)明文類(lèi)中重要的一種形式，也是英語(yǔ)試題中最難的部分。是我們?cè)谝惠啅?fù)習(xí)中最應(yīng)該突破的部分，因?yàn)橐惠啅?fù)習(xí)有時(shí)間攻堅(jiān)克難。研究報(bào)告通常包括科普類(lèi)、心理學(xué)類(lèi)、語(yǔ)言類(lèi)、宇宙探索類(lèi)、社會(huì)交往類(lèi)、人工智能類(lèi)等，涉及的內(nèi)容比較廣泛。2．從命題思路上看：研究報(bào)告類(lèi)說(shuō)明文通常包括研究結(jié)果、研究方法、研究過(guò)程、結(jié)論闡述、專(zhuān)家評(píng)議。研究結(jié)果通常會(huì)考查主旨大意，關(guān)鍵找中心句，研究方法、研究過(guò)程通?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷，專(zhuān)家評(píng)議通常考查情感態(tài)度、推理判斷。預(yù)計(jì)2026年研究報(bào)告類(lèi)說(shuō)明文仍然是試卷中的難點(diǎn)。預(yù)想英語(yǔ)得高分成功突破研究報(bào)告是關(guān)鍵。復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.掌握研究報(bào)告說(shuō)明文的文體特征。2.掌握研究報(bào)告說(shuō)明文的命題規(guī)律及各種題型的解題要領(lǐng)和選項(xiàng)規(guī)律。3.熟練掌握研究報(bào)告說(shuō)明文常用的框架結(jié)構(gòu)、說(shuō)明順序和說(shuō)明方法是解題的關(guān)鍵所在，這樣就能從整體著眼看清文章的脈絡(luò)?？键c(diǎn)一考查研究報(bào)告problem--solution--result類(lèi)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1研究性報(bào)告綜合近幾年高考對(duì)于閱讀理解的能力考查形式，2026年高考對(duì)于研究報(bào)告說(shuō)明文的考查仍然是重點(diǎn)。研究報(bào)告說(shuō)明文一直都是命題人提高閱讀能力的重要考點(diǎn)，因此在近幾年的高考命題中科普說(shuō)明文一直都是以壓軸題的形式存在，其中包括研究報(bào)告、科學(xué)技術(shù)、社會(huì)心理、宇宙探索、醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、社會(huì)生活等多種領(lǐng)域，體現(xiàn)了閱讀題材的多樣性。研究報(bào)告類(lèi)1.基本規(guī)律：研究報(bào)告說(shuō)明文一般難度都比較大，命題者設(shè)題的難度并不大。2．實(shí)用解題方法：①某人說(shuō)的話(huà)，或者是帶引號(hào)的，一定要高度重視。很有可能就是某個(gè)問(wèn)題的同義替換。②有時(shí)候每段的第一句話(huà)，僅僅是一個(gè)表述。而在第2或3句以后，會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)比或者轉(zhuǎn)折。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，轉(zhuǎn)折后面的是作者的態(tài)度。要注意的是：作者對(duì)什么進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。③每一個(gè)問(wèn)題，在原文中，都要有一個(gè)定位。然后精讀，找出那個(gè)中心句或者關(guān)鍵詞。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，閱讀理解考的就是這個(gè)“中心句”。④某人說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà)，有時(shí)并不是題眼，但可以從側(cè)面或某個(gè)角度來(lái)反映作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是作者想表達(dá)的，正確答案都是和這樣的觀點(diǎn)相一致的。要把握關(guān)鍵詞，有感情色彩的詞。⑤注意中心句（即題眼）和前后句子之間的關(guān)系，是接著說(shuō)的，還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。要把握和前后句子之間的關(guān)系。是并列關(guān)系的，可以從這些句子里找同義詞；是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，就通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系句子里的關(guān)鍵詞的相反意思來(lái)判斷。⑥注意幾個(gè)詞，yet表轉(zhuǎn)折，hardly表否定。while有時(shí)是比較，有時(shí)也表轉(zhuǎn)折。比較的時(shí)候，注意比較的對(duì)象，要弄清楚。轉(zhuǎn)折的時(shí)候，你要知道作者對(duì)什么進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2problem--solution--result類(lèi)研究報(bào)告問(wèn)題解決類(lèi)研究報(bào)告，文章思路結(jié)構(gòu)明晰，基本呈現(xiàn)為problem--solution--result。解決研究報(bào)告類(lèi)文章的根本思路是透徹分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，洞察文章的走勢(shì)。這樣從整體分析文章，再?gòu)奈⒂^中找準(zhǔn)細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、主旨大意、作者態(tài)度的定位，這樣就能快速破解閱讀理解的這個(gè)難題?？枷蚩疾閜roblem--solution--result類(lèi)研究報(bào)告例1（2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龍頭):boilingandfiltering(過(guò)濾)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene（聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯）—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.（乙烯基氯，氯乙烯）Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”【文章的結(jié)構(gòu)分析】TheStructureofTheTextProblem：MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarthSolutionfromChina：boilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcoolsProcess：boilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools；thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.focusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropyleneSeriousproblem：Evenbottledwatercontains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay’suggestion:Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→How→presenttheissue●文章定位：reliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.→具體呈現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的方法，使問(wèn)題具體化→①settledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,②stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,③filledthestomachsofseabirdsand④evenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyare⑤evenappearinginsidehumans.→givingexamples●解析思維過(guò)程→①+②+③+④+⑤→C.Bygivingexamples.●故選C33.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.CThefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→determine→theeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplastics●文章定位：reliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.→知識(shí)連接，碳酸鈣與水的硬度的關(guān)系→碳酸鈣（CaCO?）

是用來(lái)表示和度量水的硬度時(shí)最常用的基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)和單位→A.Thehardnessofwater●解析思維過(guò)程→reliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics→A.Thehardnessofwater●故選A34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→Whatillustrate→bymentioningbottledwater●文章定位：Evenbottledwatercontains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.→注意語(yǔ)氣even→thanoriginallythought→說(shuō)明microplastics問(wèn)題比預(yù)想要普遍，要更嚴(yán)重→B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.●故選B35.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→Gauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestion→aboutWhat●文章定位：Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice→Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.→認(rèn)為這個(gè)方法好，所以把它運(yùn)用到水處理廠(chǎng)→D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.●故選D【普通解析】【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于減少自來(lái)水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至進(jìn)入人體。中國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，將自來(lái)水煮沸五分鐘并冷卻后過(guò)濾。研究雖未涵蓋所有塑料類(lèi)型和化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但揭示了一種潛在解決方案。蘇格蘭環(huán)境工程師指出，該研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建議升級(jí)飲用水處理廠(chǎng)以推廣應(yīng)用。32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.(微塑料已經(jīng)成為地球上常見(jiàn)的污染源——它們出現(xiàn)在在深海和喜馬拉雅山上，被困在火山巖中，填滿(mǎn)海鳥(niǎo)的胃，甚至落在南極的新雪中。它們甚至出現(xiàn)了在人類(lèi)身體里。)”可推斷，作者通過(guò)舉例提出微塑料污染的問(wèn)題。故選C。33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.(至關(guān)重要的是，這一過(guò)程依賴(lài)于含有足夠碳酸鈣的水來(lái)捕獲塑料。在這項(xiàng)研究中，將含有300毫克碳酸鈣的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸鈣含量低于60毫克的樣品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，決定在水中捕獲微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故選A。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydiffcult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.(盡管如此，研究結(jié)果顯示了減少微塑料接觸的潛在途徑——這一任務(wù)正變得越來(lái)越困難。今年早些時(shí)候，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是瓶裝水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推斷，作者提到瓶裝水是為了說(shuō)明微塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性。故選B。35.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”(格蘭格拉斯哥大學(xué)的環(huán)境工程師卡羅琳?高肖特-林賽（CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay）沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)研究，她告訴《新科學(xué)家》雜志：“他們展示的微塑料是如何通過(guò)煮沸過(guò)程被捕獲的方式很好?！薄拔覀儜?yīng)該考慮升級(jí)飲用水處理廠(chǎng)，這樣它們就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在應(yīng)用，升級(jí)飲用水處理廠(chǎng)。故選D。例2（2025·廣東省中山市濠頭中學(xué)等校高三第一次檢測(cè)）Atarecyclingcenter,twoteammembersspendalldaypullingitemsfromaconveyorbeltcoveredingarbage.Onepullsoutjuicecartonsandplasticbottlesthatcanbereprocessed,whiletheothersearchesforpollutantsinthestreamofpaperproducts.TheyareAI-poweredrobotsthateachlooklikeasuperchargedmechanicalarm.Yes,evenrecyclinghasgotteninvolvedintheAIrevolution.Intheory,materialsrecoveryfacilities(MRFs)gatherthewastes,sortthemout,andthensellthematerialstocompaniesthatcanreusethem.Inpractice,theMRFsaren’tallthatgood.Theissueisthatit’slongbeentoohardforrecyclingplantstosortmaterialswiththelevelofspecificityneededtoreusethem.Thetraditionalrecyclingmethodssucceedinseparatingwasteintobroadcategoriesofpaper,glass,andmetal.Butfinerlayersofdetailoftengounnoticed,especiallywithplastic.It’shardforrecyclerstodeterminewhether,say,acontainerisamilkcontainerorapesticide(殺蟲(chóng)劑)container.AIstandstomakeachange,givingrecyclingplantsafarmoredetailedviewintopackaging.TheAI-poweredrecyclingrobotsare“visionsystems”:InthesamewayChatGPTistrained,theyingestlotsofphotographsofthrown-awayitemsinvariousstatesofdamage.Therobotsarethenabletoidentifyeventinydifferencesinaproduct’scolor,shape,texture,orlogo.Recyclingoperatorssaidthattraditionalsystemstendtobe85to95percentaccurate,whileroboticscompaniesclaimupto99percentaccuracy.ThatisnottosaythattheturntoAIhasalreadyfixedrecycling.Thehigh-techsystemswon’tcomecheap—anindividualrobotcancostasmuchas$300,000.Evenifcostseventuallydecrease,recyclingrobotscan’tchangethefactthatrecycling,evenatitsbest,isjustnotaparticularlyefficientwayofdealingwithsingle-useproducts.Fromaplastics-pollutionstandpoint,what’sbetterthanarecyclablesingle-usecupisnotusingoneatall.【文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析】Introductionpara1RecyclinghasgotteninvolvedintheAIrevolutionProblempara2it’slongbeentoohardforrecyclingplantstosortmaterialswiththelevelofspecificityneededtoreusethem.Solutionpara3AI-poweredrecyclingingestlotsofphotographsofthrown-awayitemsinvariousstatesofdamage.Conclusion(Limitation)para4Thehigh-techsystemswon’tcomecheaprecyclingrobotscan’tchangethefactthatrecycling,evenatitsbest,isjustnotaparticularlyefficientwayofdealingwithsingle-useproducts.1．Whatisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Acommonsightofarecyclingcenter. B．TheapplicationofAItoolsinrecycling.C．ThepowerofAItochangeanindustry. D．Adisplayofdifficultiesinwastesorting.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→describe→firstparagraph●文章定位：Onepullsoutjuicecartonsandplasticbottlesthatcanbereprocessed,whiletheothersearchesforpollutantsinthestreamofpaperproducts.→TheyareAI-poweredrobotsthateachlooklikeasuperchargedmechanicalarm.→recyclinghasgotteninvolvedintheAIrevolution.→B．TheapplicationofAItoolsinrecycling●解析思維過(guò)程→TheyareAI-poweredrobotsthateachlooklikeasuperchargedmechanicalarm.→B●故選B2．Whatisthechallengefacedbyrecyclingplants?A．Theaccuracyofwastesorting.B．Thelowprofitfromsellingreusablematerials.C．Theefficiencyofwastemanagement.D．Theunnoticeabledangerincollectingwastematerials.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→challenge→recyclingplants●文章定位：Theissueisthatit’slongbeentoohardforrecyclingplantstosortmaterialswiththelevelofspecificityneededtoreusethem.→Butfinerlayersofdetailoftengounnoticed,especiallywithplastic.It’shardforrecyclerstodeterminewhether,say,acontainerisamilkcontainerorapesticide(殺蟲(chóng)劑)container.→A．Theaccuracyofwastesorting.●解析思維過(guò)程→toohardforrecyclingplantstosortmaterialswiththelevelofspecificityneededtoreusethem→A●故選A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ingest”inParagraph3mean?A．Edit. B．Copy. C．Absorb. D．Download.4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Single-useproductsshouldberestricted. B．Costsofhigh-techsystemswillincrease.C．Recyclableproductsshouldbeadvocated. D．AIwillbethefinalfrontierofrecycling.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→inferred→lastparagraph●文章定位：Fromaplastics-pollutionstandpoint,what’sbetterthanarecyclablesingle-usecupisnotusingoneatall.→A．Single-useproductsshouldberestricted.●故選A【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．A【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人工智能工具在回收中的應(yīng)用。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Atarecyclingcenter,twoteammembersspendalldaypullingitemsfromaconveyorbeltcoveredingarbage.Onepullsoutjuicecartonsandplasticbottlesthatcanbereprocessed,whiletheothersearchesforpollutantsinthestreamofpaperproducts.TheyareAI-poweredrobotsthateachlooklikeasuperchargedmechanicalarm.Yes,evenrecyclinghasgotteninvolvedintheAIrevolution.(在一個(gè)回收中心，兩名團(tuán)隊(duì)成員整天都在從一條覆蓋著垃圾的傳送帶上拉東西。一個(gè)人取出果汁盒和塑料瓶，可以再加工，而另一個(gè)人在紙制品流中搜索污染物。它們是人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的機(jī)器人，每個(gè)看起來(lái)都像一個(gè)增壓的機(jī)械手臂。是的，就連回收也參與了人工智能革命。)”可知，第一段主要講述了人工智能工具在回收中的應(yīng)用。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theissueisthatit’slongbeentoohardforrecyclingplantstosortmaterialswiththelevelofspecificityneededtoreusethem.Thetraditionalrecyclingmethodssucceedinseparatingwasteintobroadcategoriesofpaper,glass,andmetal.Butfinerlayersofdetailoftengounnoticed,especiallywithplastic.It’shardforrecyclerstodeterminewhether,say,acontainerisamilkcontainerorapesticide(殺蟲(chóng)劑)container.(問(wèn)題是，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，回收工廠(chǎng)很難按照再利用所需的具體程度對(duì)材料進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。傳統(tǒng)的回收方法成功地將廢物分為紙、玻璃和金屬等大類(lèi)。但更精細(xì)的細(xì)節(jié)往往不被注意，尤其是塑料。對(duì)于回收者來(lái)說(shuō)，很難確定一個(gè)容器是牛奶容器還是殺蟲(chóng)劑容器。）”可知，回收工廠(chǎng)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是垃圾分類(lèi)的準(zhǔn)確性。故選A。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“TheAI-poweredrecyclingrobotsare‘visionsystems’:InthesamewayChatGPTistrained,theyingestlotsofphotographsofthrown-awayitemsinvariousstatesofdamage.Therobotsarethenabletoidentifyeventinydifferencesinaproduct'scolor,shape,texture,orlogo.(人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的回收機(jī)器人是‘視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)’：與ChatGPT接受訓(xùn)練的方式相同，它們ingest大量被丟棄物品在各種損壞狀態(tài)下的照片。然后，機(jī)器人能夠識(shí)別產(chǎn)品顏色、形狀、紋理或標(biāo)志上的微小差異。)”可知，人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的回收機(jī)器人會(huì)先“看”很多被丟棄物品的照片，學(xué)習(xí)如何區(qū)分不同的物體和材料，從而能夠在現(xiàn)實(shí)中準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別和分類(lèi)垃圾。由此推知，劃線(xiàn)詞與C項(xiàng)“理解”的意思。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThatisnottosaythattheturntoAIhasalreadyfixedrecycling.Thehigh-techsystemswon’tcomecheapanindividualrobotcancostasmuchas$300,000.Evenifcostseventuallydecrease,recyclingrobotscan’tchangethefactthatrecycling,evenatitsbest,isjustnotaparticularlyefficientwayofdealingwithsingle-useproducts.Fromaplastics-pollutionstandpoint,what’sbetterthanarecyclablesingle-usecupisnotusingoneatall.(這并不是說(shuō)轉(zhuǎn)向人工智能已經(jīng)解決了回收問(wèn)題。這些高科技系統(tǒng)并不便宜，單個(gè)機(jī)器人的價(jià)格可能高達(dá)30萬(wàn)美元。即使成本最終降低，回收機(jī)器人也不能改變這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，回收，即使是最好的，也不是處理一次性產(chǎn)品的特別有效的方法。從塑料污染的角度來(lái)看，比可回收的一次性杯子更好的是根本不使用它。)”可知，從本段內(nèi)容可知，回收即使是最好的，也不是處理一次性產(chǎn)品的特別有效的方法，因此應(yīng)限制使用一次性產(chǎn)品。故選A。【變式訓(xùn)練·變載體】Tropicalrainforestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate,andaccordingtoanewreportbyRainforestFoundationNorway,humansaretoblame.Theworld’sdependenceoncoal,farming,soy,palmoilandmininghasresultedintwo-thirdsoftheearth’stropicalrainforestsbeingcompletelydestroyed,andtheremainingecosystemsbeingputclosertoatippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn)).Tropicalrainforestsoncecovered14.5millionsquarekilometersoftheearth’ssurface,butnow,justone-thirdofthatremainsintact.Oftheoriginalareatropicalrainforestsonceoccupied,34%iscompletelygoneand30%issufferingfromdegradation.Allthatremainsisroughly9.5millionsquarekilometers,and45%ofthatisinadegradedstate,thereportsays.Researchersblamehumanconsumptionfortheloss.Whileagriculturehasalwaysbeenadrivingfactorofrainforestloss,thereportsaidthatenergyconsumption,internationaltradeandtheproductionofsoyandpalmoil,loggingandmininghavebeenthelargestthreatsoverthepastcentury.AsignificantnumberofU.S.commoditiesrelyonresourcesfromtropicalrainforests.Thecountryheavilyreliesonpalmoil,rubberandcocoa,allofwhichcomefromforestsaroundtheworld.Oftentimes,theseresourcesareharvestedfromillegallydeforested(砍伐森林)lands.Tropicalrainforestsarehometomorethanhalfoftheearth’sbiodiversityandhavemorecarboninlivingorganismsthananyotherecosystem.Alongwithsupportingsignificantanimallife,tropicalrainforestsarealsoessentialtoslowingdownglobalwarming.“Thesehighlyspecializedecosystemsaresufferingfromconstantabuse,throughourbottomlessappetiteforlandandresources,”saidAndersKrogh,whoauthoredthereport.Theresearchersalsobelievethatthelossoftropicalrainforestsputsthewholeworldatriskoffuturepandemics.“Massivedeforestationisviolatingnature’snaturalvirusprotectionmechanisms,”Kroghsaid.“TheaftermathofCOVID-19shouldbringrainforestprotectiontothetopoftheagendaofallpolicymakersandworldleadersconcernedaboutpreventingtheoutbreakofnewpandemics.”1．WhydidtheauthorlistnumbersinParagraph2?A．Topointoutthethreattothecurrentecosystem.B．Tohighlighttheseveredestructionofrainforests.C．Topresenttheprocessofrainforestdegradation.D．Toexhibittheforestcoveragerateonearth.2．WhydidtheauthormentionAmerica’sdependenceonrainforestresources?A．Becauseitdisplayedtherichnessofrainforestresources.B．Becauseitstressedtheeffectsoffarmingontropicalrainforests.C．Becauseitexplainedtherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.D．Becauseitshowedhumans’excessiveconsumptionofrainforestresources.3．WhichwillbeaffectedbythedeclineoftropicalrainforestsaccordingtoParagraph4?A．Humandiet. B．Socialstructure.C．Globalclimate. D．Economicdevelopment.4．WhatdoesKroghwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A．Deforestationwillaffectthefuturegenerations.B．Rainforestprotectiondemandsimmediateattention.C．Rainforestlosshasbroughtaboutnewpandemics.D．Deforestationhasacceleratedthespreadofthevirus.【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了熱帶雨林因人類(lèi)活動(dòng)正遭受?chē)?yán)重破壞及其帶來(lái)的多方面影響。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Tropicalrainforestsoncecovered14.5millionsquarekilometersoftheearth’ssurface,butnow,justone-thirdofthatremainsintact.Oftheoriginalareatropicalrainforestsonceoccupied,34%iscompletelygoneand30%issufferingfromdegradation.Allthatremainsisroughly9.5millionsquarekilometers,and45%ofthatisinadegradedstate,thereportsays.(熱帶雨林曾經(jīng)覆蓋了地球表面1450萬(wàn)平方公里的土地，但現(xiàn)在只有三分之一的土地完好無(wú)損。在熱帶雨林曾經(jīng)占據(jù)的原始區(qū)域中，34%已經(jīng)完全消失，30%正在遭受退化。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，目前僅存約950萬(wàn)平方公里，其中45%處于退化狀態(tài))”可知，作者在第二段列舉數(shù)字是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)雨林遭受的嚴(yán)重破壞。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchersblamehumanconsumptionfortheloss.Whileagriculturehasalwaysbeenadrivingfactorofrainforestloss,thereportsaidthatenergyconsumption,internationaltradeandtheproductionofsoyandpalmoil,loggingandmininghavebeenthelargestthreatsoverthepastcentury.AsignificantnumberofU.S.commoditiesrelyonresourcesfromtropicalrainforests.(研究人員將損失歸咎于人類(lèi)的消耗。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，雖然農(nóng)業(yè)一直是雨林損失的一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，但在過(guò)去一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，能源消耗、國(guó)際貿(mào)易、大豆和棕櫚油的生產(chǎn)、伐木和采礦一直是最大的威脅。美國(guó)的大量商品依賴(lài)熱帶雨林的資源)”可知，作者提到美國(guó)對(duì)雨林資源的依賴(lài)是為了展示人類(lèi)對(duì)雨林資源的過(guò)度消耗。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Alongwithsupportingsignificantanimallife,tropicalrainforestsarealsoessentialtoslowingdownglobalwarming.(熱帶雨林不僅為重要的動(dòng)物生命提供了棲息地，而且對(duì)于減緩全球變暖也至關(guān)重要)”可知，熱帶雨林的減少會(huì)影響全球氣候。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheaftermathofCOVID-19shouldbringrainforestprotectiontothetopoftheagendaofallpolicymakersandworldleadersconcernedaboutpreventingtheoutbreakofnewpandemics.(新冠疫情的后果應(yīng)該使雨林保護(hù)成為所有關(guān)注預(yù)防新流行病爆發(fā)的政策制定者和世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的首要議程)”可知，Krogh在最后一段想表達(dá)的是雨林保護(hù)需要立即關(guān)注。故選B。考點(diǎn)二考查研究報(bào)告Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)類(lèi)解題方法一、三步定位核心信息1.Findings/Discoveries（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)）定位關(guān)鍵詞："Theresultsshow/indicatethat...""Wefound/observedthat...""Thedatasuggest..."解題重點(diǎn)：這是研究的直接成果，可能是數(shù)據(jù)、現(xiàn)象或新發(fā)現(xiàn)。2.Evidence（實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)）定位關(guān)鍵詞："Experiment1demonstrated...""AsshowninFigure2...""Statisticalanalysisrevealed..."解題重點(diǎn)：支撐Findings的具體數(shù)據(jù)（如數(shù)字、圖表）或?qū)嶒?yàn)方法。3.Conclusion（應(yīng)用/評(píng)價(jià)）定位關(guān)鍵詞："Therefore,weconclude...""Thisimplies/applicableto...""Limitationsinclude..."解題重點(diǎn)：研究的實(shí)際意義、局限性或未來(lái)方向。二、高頻題型破解技巧1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題（直接答案）1.問(wèn)法："Whatdidtheexperimentprove?""Accordingtothestudy,whichstatementistrue?"2.方法：

直接匹配Findings或Evidence中的原句，避免主觀推斷。2.推理題（隱含邏輯）1.問(wèn)法："WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?""Whichconclusionissupportedbythedata?"2.方法：將Evidence與Conclusion關(guān)聯(lián)，排除無(wú)直接支持的選項(xiàng)。3.作者意圖題（目的/評(píng)價(jià)）1.問(wèn)法："Whydidtheauthormention...?""Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment?"2.方法：定位Conclusion中的評(píng)價(jià)性語(yǔ)言（如"Thisstudyfillsagapin..."）。4.結(jié)構(gòu)題（信息匹配）問(wèn)法："Whichparagraphcontainstheexperimentalresults?"方法：Findings通常在結(jié)果部分（Results），Evidence在方法部分（Methods）。考向考查研究報(bào)告Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)類(lèi)例1（2022年1月浙江卷）Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia."Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascularproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwereformSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.【文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析】discoveriesNewresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.evidenceThesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness.conclusionHowever,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant.7．Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.B．Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.C．Experimentalstudiesondiseases.D．Advantagesofsportywomanoverman【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→ever-growinglist→firstparagraph●文章定位：①Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智癥）inlaterlife,→②astheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.→Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.●解析思維過(guò)程→①+②→A．Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.●故選A8．Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomentodobicycleexercise?A．Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate.B．ToassesstheircardiovascularcapacityC．TochangetheirhabitsofworkingoutD．Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→thewomen→bicycleexercise●文章定位：Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeakcardiovascularcapacity.→Toassesstheircardiovascularcapacity●故選B9．WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A．Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.B．Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C．Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.D．Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→knowabout→DrHorder'sstudy●文章定位：①Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.→testedfordementiasixtimes.（Datacollection）→fourdecades.（alengthyprocess）●解析思維過(guò)程→Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.→B．Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.●故選B10．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementiaB．Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC．FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD．BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascularFitness【思維過(guò)程】●題干關(guān)鍵詞→