ThesymphonyofpopulationwellnessUnit6analyzetheimpactofagingfrombiological,psychological,andsocialperspectives;evaluatetheroleofVRtechnologyinimprovingthequalityoflifeoftheelderly;balanceprecisionandconcisenessinacademicwriting;makeapresentationtopromotegeriatrichealthawarenessincommunities.LearningobjectivesLead-in

1.TextStructureAnalysisGlobalAgeingTrendOverviewPartI

(Para.1)PartIII(Paras.3-4)PartIV(Paras.5-6)PartV(Paras.7-8)PartVI(Paras.9-11)SupportiveEnvironmentsandHealthDiversityinOlderAgeCommonHealthIssuesinOlderAgeFactorsInfluencingOlderAdults’HealthPublicHealthStrategiesforAgeingPartVII(Paras.12-14)ImpactofLongevityonHealthandSocietyPartII(Para.2)BiologicalMechanismofAgeingPartI(Para.1)Itintroducesthebasictrendofglobalageing,pointingoutthatmostpeoplecanlivetobeover60yearsold,andthenumberandproportionofelderlypeopleinallcountriesaroundtheworldareincreasing.PartII(Para.2)Itelaboratesonthemechanismofageingfromabiologicalperspective,explainingthatageingstemsfromthelong-termaccumulationofmolecularandcellulardamage,whichwillleadtoagradualdeclineinphysicalandmentalabilities.Italsomentionsthatageingisoftenaccompaniedbylifetransitionssuchasretirementandrelocation.PartIII(Paras.3-4)Itdescribescommonhealthproblemsintheelderly,includingspecificdiseasessuchashearingloss,osteoarthritis,diabetes,anddementia,aswellastheemergenceofgeriatricsyndromes(suchasfrailty,urinaryincontinence,etc.).Thesehealthproblemsaremostlycausedbyavarietyofunderlyingfactors,andtheelderlyarepronetosufferfrommultiplediseasesatthesametime.PartIV(Paras.5-6)Itexplorestheimpactoflongevity,pointingoutthatlongevitybringsopportunitiestotheelderly,theirfamiliesandsociety(suchasfurthereducation,newcareers,etc.),buttherealizationofopportunitiesdependsonhealthstatus.Italsomentionsthattheproportionofhealthylifeexpectancyisbasicallystable,andthehealthstatusofadditionallifehasdifferentimpactsontheelderlyandsociety.PartV(Paras.7-8)Itanalyzesthefactorsaffectingthehealthoftheelderly,emphasizingthatinadditiontosomegeneticfactors,healthdifferencesmainlycomefromphysicalandsocialenvironments(suchasfamily,community,etc.),aswellasthelong-termimpactoftheenvironmentinchildhoodandevenfetalperiod.Italsoexplainsthathealthybehaviors(suchasabalanceddiet,regularexercise,etc.)helpreducetheriskofdiseases.PartVI(Paras.9-11)Itdiscussestheroleofsupportiveenvironmentsandthediversityoftheelderly’shealth,pointingoutthatsupportivephysicalandsocialenvironmentscanhelptheelderlyachieveimportantgoals,andpublichealthresponsesneedtotakeintoaccountbothimprovingcapacitylossandpromotingrecovery.Italsoexplainsthatthehealthstatusoftheelderlyisdiverse,andthisdiversitycomesfromtheimpactoftheenvironmentonopportunitiesandhealthbehaviors,notrandomly.PartVII(Paras.12-14)Itintroducespublichealthstrategiestocopewithageing,mentioningtheimpactoftrendssuchasglobalizationandtechnologicaldevelopmentonthelivesoftheelderly,aswellastheUN2021-2030DecadeofHealthyAgeing.Thisplanaimstoreducehealthinequalitiesandimprovethelivesoftheelderly,theirfamiliesandcommunitiesthroughcollectiveactionsinfourareas.IntensivereadingAgingandhealthPara.1Todaymostpeoplecanexpecttoliveintotheirsixtiesandbeyond.Everycountryintheworldisexperiencinggrowthinboththesizeandtheproportionofolderpersonsinthepopulation.Para.2Atthebiologicallevel,ageingresultsfromtheimpactoftheaccumulationofawidevarietyofmolecularandcellulardamageovertime.Thisleadstoagradualdecreaseinphysicalandmentalcapacity,agrowingriskofdiseaseandultimatelydeath.Thesechangesareneitherlinearnorconsistent,andtheyareonlylooselyassociatedwithaperson’sageinyears.Thediversityseeninolderageisnotrandom.Beyondbiologicalchanges,ageingisoftenassociatedwithotherlifetransitionssuchasretirement,relocationtomoreappropriatehousingandthedeathoffriendsandpartners.Languagepoints

adj.

relatingtothesmallestunitofachemicalsubstancewhichcanexistbyitself分子的molecularScientistsstudythemolecularstructureofsubstancestounderstandtheirproperties.科學(xué)家研究物質(zhì)的分子結(jié)構(gòu)以了解其特性。

Molecularbiologyhasmadegreatprogressinrecentyears.近年來分子生物學(xué)取得了巨大進(jìn)展。

Languagepoints

adj.

relatingtoorconsistingofanimalorplantcells細(xì)胞的cellularCellularrespirationisanimportantprocessinlivingorganisms.細(xì)胞呼吸是生物體中的一個重要過程。

Thecellularmakeupofthetissuewasanalyzedinthelaboratory.在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里對組織的細(xì)胞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行了分析。

Languagepoints

adj.

relatingtoorintheformofaline;happeninginacontinuousandlogicalway線性的linearThegraphshowsalinearrelationshipbetweenthetwovariables.圖表顯示了兩個變量之間的線性關(guān)系。

Histhinkingisverylinear,alwaysfollowingastraightforwardpath.他具有線性思維，總是遵循一條直接的路徑。

Para.3Commonconditionsinolderageincludehearingloss,cataractsandrefractiveerrors,backandneckpainandosteoarthritis,chronicobstructive

pulmonarydisease,diabetes,depressionanddementia.Aspeopleage,theyaremorelikelytoexperienceseveralconditionsatthesametime.LanguagepointsCataractisacommoneyeproblemamongtheelderly.白內(nèi)障是老年人常見的眼部問題。n.

amedicalconditionthataffectsthelensoftheeyeandcausesagraduallossofsight白內(nèi)障Shehadtohavesurgerytotreathercataract.她不得不做手術(shù)來治療白內(nèi)障。cataractLanguagepointsRefractiveerrorscancausevisionproblems.屈光不正會導(dǎo)致視力問題。adj.

relatingtothefocusingcharacteristicsofeyes屈光的Therefractiveindexofthematerialisanimportantparameter.這種材料的折射率是一個重要參數(shù)。refractiveLanguagepointsThispatienthasobstructiveairwaysymptoms.該患者存在阻塞性氣道癥狀。adj.

connectedwithapassage,tube,etc.inyourbodythathasbecomeblocked梗阻的；阻塞的Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseisaseriousrespiratoryillness.慢性阻塞性肺病是一種嚴(yán)重的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。obstructiveLanguagepointsSmokingcancausepulmonarydiseases.吸煙會導(dǎo)致肺部疾病。adj.

relatingtothelungs肺的Pulmonaryfunctiontestsareusedtoassesslunghealth.肺功能測試用于評估肺部健康狀況。pulmonaryPara.4Olderageisalsocharacterizedbytheemergenceofseveralcomplexhealthstatescommonlycalledgeriatricsyndromes.Theyareoftentheconsequenceofmultipleunderlyingfactorsandincludefrailty,urinaryincontinence,falls,deliriumandpressureulcers.Languagepointsgeriatricadj.relatingtotheillnessesandmedicalcareofoldpeopleoldpeople老年醫(yī)學(xué)的Geriatricpatientsneedspecialcareandattention.老年患者需要特殊的護(hù)理和關(guān)注。Sheworksinthegeriatricdepartmentofthehospital.她在醫(yī)院的老年病科工作。Languagepointsfrailtyn.

thestateofbeingweakandeasilydamaged虛弱Hisfrailtywasobviousafterthelongillness.長時間生病后，他的虛弱顯而易見。Weshouldpayattentiontothefrailtyoftheelderly.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注老年人的虛弱狀況。Languagepointsincontinencen.

theinabilitytocontroltheflowofurineorfaeces失禁Urinaryincontinencecanbeanembarrassingproblemfortheelderly.尿失禁對老年人來說可能是一個尷尬的問題。Somemedicalconditionscanleadtoincontinence.一些疾病會導(dǎo)致失禁。Languagepointsdeliriumn.

aseriousmentalstateinwhichapersonisconfused,excited,andhasdelusions譫妄；精神錯亂Thepatientwasinastateofdeliriumaftertheoperation.手術(shù)后病人處于譫妄狀態(tài)。Deliriumcanbeasignofaseriousunderlyingillness.譫妄可能是嚴(yán)重潛在疾病的一個跡象。Languagepointsulcern.

asoreareaontheskinorinsidethebodythatispainfulandmaybleedorproduceapoisonoussubstance潰瘍Hehasastomachulcerandneedstoadjusthisdiet.他有胃潰瘍，需要調(diào)整飲食。Pressureulcersareacommonproblemforbedriddenpatients.壓瘡是臥床病人常見的問題。Para.5Alongerlifebringswithitopportunities,notonlyforolderpeopleandtheirfamilies,butalsoforsocietiesasawhole.Additionalyearsprovidethechancetopursuenewactivitiessuchasfurthereducation,anewcareeroralong-neglectedpassion.Olderpeoplealsocontributeinmanywaystotheirfamiliesandcommunities.Yettheextentoftheseopportunitiesandcontributionsdependsheavilyononefactor:health.Para.6Evidencesuggeststhattheproportionoflifeingoodhealthhasremainedbroadlyconstant,implyingthattheadditionalyearsareinpoorhealth.Ifpeoplecanexperiencetheseextrayearsoflifeingoodhealthandiftheyliveinasupportiveenvironment,theirabilitytodothethingstheyvaluewillbelittledifferentfromthatofayoungerperson.Iftheseaddedyearsaredominatedbydeclinesinphysicalandmentalcapacity,theimplicationsforolderpeopleandforsocietyaremorenegative.Para.7Althoughsomeofthevariationsinolderpeople’shealtharegenetic,mostisduetopeople’sphysicalandsocialenvironments–includingtheirhomes,neighbourhoods,andcommunities,aswellastheirpersonalcharacteristics–suchastheirsex,ethnicity,orsocioeconomicstatus.Theenvironmentsthatpeopleliveinaschildren–orevenasdevelopingfetuses–combinedwiththeirpersonalcharacteristics,havelong-termeffectsonhowtheyage.Languagepointsethnicity

n.

thefactorstateofbelongingtoaparticularraceorethnicgroup種族特點(diǎn)Weshouldrespectthediversityofethnicity.我們應(yīng)該尊重種族的多樣性。Herethnicityplaysanimportantroleinherculturalidentity.她的種族在她的文化身份中起著重要作用。Languagepointssocioeconomica.

relatingtothecombinationofsocialandeconomicfactors社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的Socioeconomicstatuscanaffectaperson’shealth.社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位會影響一個人的健康。Theresearchfocusesontherelationshipbetweensocioeconomicfactorsandeducation.這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注社會經(jīng)濟(jì)因素與教育之間的關(guān)系。Para.8Physicalandsocialenvironmentscanaffecthealthdirectlyorthroughbarriersorincentivesthataffectopportunities,decisionsandhealthbehaviour.Maintaininghealthybehavioursthroughoutlife,particularlyeatingabalanceddiet,engaginginregularphysicalactivityandrefrainingfromtobaccouse,allcontributetoreducingtheriskofnon-communicablediseases,improvingphysicalandmentalcapacityanddelayingcaredependency.Languagepointsn.

sth.thatencouragesyoutodosth.激勵；刺激Financialincentivescanmotivatepeopletoworkharder.經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵可以促使人們更加努力工作。Thecompanyoffersvariousincentivestoattractnewemployees.公司提供各種激勵措施來吸引新員工。

incentivePara.9Supportivephysicalandsocialenvironmentsalsoenablepeopletodowhatisimportanttothem,despitelossesincapacity.Theavailabilityofsafeandaccessiblepublicbuildingsandtransport,andplacesthatareeasytowalkaround,areexamplesofsupportiveenvironments.Para.9Indevelopingapublic-healthresponsetoageing,itisimportantnotjusttoconsiderindividualandenvironmentalapproachesthatamelioratethelossesassociatedwitholderage,butalsothosethatmayreinforcerecovery,adaptationandpsychosocialgrowth.Languagepointsamelioratev.

tomakesth.better改善Weneedtotakemeasurestoamelioratetheenvironment.我們需要采取措施改善環(huán)境。Regularexercisecanameliorateyourphysicalcondition.經(jīng)常鍛煉可以改善你的身體狀況。Para.10Thereisnotypicalolderperson.Some80-year-oldshavephysicalandmentalcapacitiessimilartomany30-year-olds.Otherpeopleexperiencesignificantdeclinesincapacitiesatmuchyoungerages.Acomprehensivepublichealthresponsemustaddressthiswiderangeofolderpeople’sexperiencesandneeds.Para.11Thediversityseeninolderageisnotrandom.Alargepartarisesfrompeople’sphysicalandsocialenvironmentsandtheimpactoftheseenvironmentsontheiropportunitiesandhealthbehavior.Therelationshipwehavewithourenvironmentsisskewedbypersonalcharacteristics,leadingtoinequalitiesinhealth.Languagepointsskewv.

toaffectfactsorinformationsothattheyarenotaccurate歪曲；使不公允Personalopinionsmayskewtheresultsofthesurvey.個人觀點(diǎn)可能會歪曲調(diào)查結(jié)果。

Thedatawasskewedbysomeoutliers.數(shù)據(jù)被一些異常值扭曲了。Para.12Globalization,technologicaldevelopments(e.g.,intransportandcommunication),

urbanization,migrationandchanginggendernormsareinfluencingthelivesofolderpeopleindirectandindirectways.Apublichealthresponsemusttakestockofthesecurrentandprojectedtrendsandframepoliciesaccordingly.Languagepointsurbanizationn.

theprocessofcreatingcitiesortownsincountryareas城市化Urbanizationhasbroughtbothopportunitiesandchallenges.城市化帶來了機(jī)遇也帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。Rapidurbanizationmayleadtovarioussocialproblems.快速城市化可能會引發(fā)各種社會問題。Languagepointsmigrationn.

themovementoflargenumbersofpeople,birds,oranimalsfromoneplacetoanother遷移；移居Internationalmigrationhasbecomeacommonphenomenon.國際遷移已成為一種普遍現(xiàn)象。Migrationcanhaveanimpactonthedemographicstructureofaregion.遷移會對一個地區(qū)的人口結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生影響。para.13TheUnitedNations(UN)GeneralAssemblydeclared2021–2030theUNDecadeofHealthyAgeingandaskedWHOtoleadtheimplementation.TheUNDecadeofHealthyAgeingisaglobalcollaborationbringingtogethergovernments,civilsociety,internationalagencies,professionals,academia,themediaandtheprivatesectorfor10yearsofconcerted,catalyticandcollaborativeactiontofosterlongerandhealthierlives.Languagepoints

n.

theworldoflearning,teaching,research,etc.atuniversities,andthepeopleinvolvedinit學(xué)術(shù)界academiaHehasbeenworkinginacademiaformanyyears.他在學(xué)術(shù)界工作了很多年。

Academiaplaysanimportantroleinpromotingscientificresearch.學(xué)術(shù)界在推動科學(xué)研究方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。

Languagepoints

a.

causingsth.tohappenorchange觸發(fā)的；刺激的catalyticThecatalyticeffectofthispolicypromotedthedevelopmentoftheindustry.這項(xiàng)政策的催化作用促進(jìn)了該行業(yè)的發(fā)展。

Catalyticreactionsarewidelyusedinchemicalproduction.催化反應(yīng)在化工生產(chǎn)中被廣泛應(yīng)用。

Para.14Itseekstoreducehealthinequitiesandimprovethelivesofolderpeople,theirfamiliesandcommunitiesthroughcollectiveactioninfourareas:changinghowwethink,feelandacttowardsageandageism;developingcommunitiesinwaysthatfostertheabilitiesofolderpeople;deliveringperson-centredintegratedcareandprimaryhealthservicesresponsivetoolderpeople;andprovidingolderpeoplewhoneeditwithaccesstoqualitylong-termcare.ReadingandUnderstanding3.Difficulties&ParaphrasingSentence1（Para.2）

Original:Thesechangesareneitherlinearnorconsistent,andtheyareonlylooselyassociatedwithaperson’sageinyears.1(Para.2)ParaphraseTheseagingrelatedchangesareneitherlinearnorunchanging,andtheyhaveonlyaweakconnectionwithhowmanyyearsapersonhaslived.2(Para.7)“Theframeworkiscurrentlyunderwaytoprovidedirection,preventproblems,regulatealgorithmprotocols,weighthebenefitsofintelligenttechnologyagainsttheharms,allowfordataprivacy,andaddresshealthinequalityissuesforpatientswhomaynothavereliableinternetaccess.”Althoughsomeofthevariationsinolderpeople’shealtharegenetic,mostisduetopeople’sphysicalandsocialenvironments–includingtheirhomes,neighbourhoods,andcommunities,aswellastheirpersonalcharacteristics–suchastheirsex,ethnicity,orsocioeconomicstatus.2(Para.7)ParaphraseEventhoughpartofthedifferencesinthehealthofolderindividualscomesfromgenes,mostofthesedifferencesresultfrompeople’sphysicalandsocialsurroundings(liketheirhomes,localareas,andcommunities)alongwiththeirpersonaltraits(forexample,theirgender,ethnicbackground,orsocioeconomicstanding).3(Para.7)Theenvironmentsthatpeopleliveinaschildren–orevenasdevelopingfetuses–combinedwiththeirpersonalcharacteristics,havelongtermeffectsonhowtheyage.3(Para.7)ParaphraseThesurroundingswherepeopleliveduringchildhood–orevenwhentheyaredevelopingasfetuses–togetherwiththeirpersonalqualities,havealonglastinginfluenceontheprocessofhowtheygetolder.4(Para.9)Indevelopingapublichealthresponsetoageing,itisimportantnotjusttoconsiderindividualandenvironmentalapproachesthatamelioratethelossesassociatedwitholderage,butalsothosethatmayreinforcerecovery,adaptationandpsychosocialgrowth.4(Para.9)ParaphraseWhencreatingapublichealthwayofdealingwithageing,it’simportanttothinkaboutnotonlyindividualandenvironmentalmethodsthateasethedeclinesrelatedtogettingolder,butalsothosethatcanstrengthenrecovery,adaptation,andpsychosocialdevelopment.5(Para.14)Itseekstoreducehealthinequitiesandimprovethelivesofolderpeople,theirfamiliesandcommunitiesthroughcollectiveactioninfourareas:changinghowwethink,feelandacttowardsageandageism;developingcommunitiesinwaysthatfostertheabilitiesofolderpeople;deliveringpersoncentredintegratedcareandprimaryhealthservicesresponsivetoolderpeople;andprovidingolderpeoplewhoneeditwithaccesstoqualitylongtermcare.5(Para.