2025年考研英語(yǔ)（二）閱讀理解沖刺押題：真題匯編與解題策略考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreadconcernaboutitsimpactonthejobmarket.WhilesomearguethatAIwillcreatemorejobsthanitdestroys,otherswarnofmassunemploymentasmachinesbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.Thisdebatereflectsdeeperanxietiesaboutthefutureofworkinanageofautomation.OneofthemainargumentsinfavorofAI'spositiveimpactonemploymentisitspotentialtogeneratenewjobcategories.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theyrequirehumanoversight,maintenance,anddevelopment.ThiscouldleadtothecreationofrolessuchasAItrainers,datascientists,androboticsengineers.Additionally,AIcanaugmenthumancapabilities,allowingworkerstobemoreproductiveandefficient.Forinstance,doctorscanuseAItoanalyzemedicalimagesmoreaccurately,andfarmerscanemployAItomonitorcrophealthandoptimizefarmingpractices.However,thepotentialforjobdisplacementcannotbeignored.Industriesheavilyreliantonroutine,repetitivetasksaremostvulnerabletoautomation.Manufacturing,dataentry,andevensomeaspectsofcustomerserviceareprimeexamples.IfAIcanperformthesetasksfasterandmorecost-effectivelythanhumans,companiesmaybeincentivizedtoreplacehumanworkerswithmachines.Thiscouldleadtosignificantjoblosses,particularlyinlower-skilledsectors.Thesocietalresponsetothispotentialshiftiscomplex.Ononehand,governmentsmayneedtoinvestinretrainingprogramstohelpworkerstransitiontonewrolescreatedbyAI.Ontheotherhand,thereareconcernsaboutthefeasibilityofwidespreadretrainingandthepotentialforincreasedincomeinequalityifonlycertainworkersbenefitfromAI-driveneconomicgrowth.Moreover,thetransitionperiodcouldbeturbulent,withshort-termjoblossesoutweighinglong-termgains.Ultimately,theimpactofAIonthejobmarketwilldependonhowsocietiesadapttothesetechnologicalchanges.Ifwecannavigatethechallengesofautomationthroughstrategicplanningandinvestmentinhumanskills,AIhasthepotentialtoimproveourlives.However,ifwefailtoprepare,theconsequencescouldbesevere.ThekeyliesinfosteringacollaborativerelationshipbetweenhumansandAI,wheretechnologyservestoenhancehumanpotentialratherthanreplaceit.Questions:1.WhatistheprimaryconcernraisedbycriticsofAIregardingthejobmarket?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialjobcategoriesthatcouldbecreatedduetoAI?3.Whichindustriesareconsideredmostvulnerabletoautomation,andwhy?4.WhataresomeofthesocietalresponsesproposedtomitigatethenegativeimpactsofAIonemployment?5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestasthekeytoharnessingthebenefitsofAIwithoutitsnegativeconsequences?Passage2Theconceptof"hygge"(pronounced"hoo-gah")hasgainedsignificantpopularityinrecentyears,particularlyintheWesternworld,aspeopleseekwaystoenhancetheirwell-beingandcombatthestressesofmodernlife.OriginatingfromDenmark,acountryconsistentlyrankedamongthehappiestintheworld,hyggeismorethanjustatrend;itisaculturalpracticerootedincreatingasenseofcoziness,comfort,andcommunity.Atitscore,hyggeemphasizestheimportanceofsimplepleasuresandthecreationofwarm,invitingatmospheres.Thiscanbeachievedthroughvariousmeans,suchaslightingcandles,arrangingcomfortableseating,andenjoyinghomemadefoodanddrinks.Theideaistogatherwithlovedones,shareexperiences,andfocusonthepresentmoment.Hyggeisnotaboutextravagance;rather,itisaboutfindingjoyinthesmallthingsandfosteringasenseofbelonging.OneofthereasonshyggehasresonatedwithpeopleintheWestisitsemphasisonmentalhealthandwell-being.Inafast-paced,oftenisolatingworld,hyggeoffersacounterbalancebyencouragingslowlivingandmeaningfulconnections.Studieshaveshownthatpracticesassociatedwithhygge,suchasspendingtimewithfamilyandfriendsandengaginginhobbies,canreducestressandimproveoverallhappiness.Bycreatinganurturingenvironment,hyggehelpsindividualsfeelmoregroundedandcontent.Anotheraspectofhyggeisitsfocusoncommunalexperiences.InDenmark,wherehyggeoriginated,itiscommonforpeopletogatherinsharedspaces,suchascoffeeshopsandlivingrooms,toenjoyconversationsandactivitiestogether.Thissenseofcommunityisacornerstoneofhygge,asitfostersafeelingofconnectionandmutualsupport.Inanerawheresocialmediaoftenpromotessuperficialinteractions,hyggeoffersarefreshingalternativebyemphasizinggenuinehumanconnection.Astheworldcontinuestograpplewiththechallengesofthe21stcentury,hyggeoffersasimpleyetpowerfulframeworkforenhancingourlives.Byfocusingoncoziness,community,andmindfulness,wecancreateamorefulfillingandjoyfulexistence.Whetherit'sthroughacandlelitdinneroracozynightinwithagoodbook,hyggeremindsusoftheimportanceofcherishingthemomentsthatbringushappiness.Questions:6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassageregardinghygge?7.Howcanhyggebeachievedindailylifeaccordingtothepassage?8.Whataresomeofthementalhealthbenefitsassociatedwithhygge?9.Whyisthefocusoncommunalexperiencesimportantinthepracticeofhygge?10.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconveyabouttherelevanceofhyggeincontemporarysociety?Passage3Theriseofsocialmediahastransformedthewaywecommunicate,shareinformation,andconsumeentertainment.WhileplatformslikeFacebook,Instagram,andTikTokhavemadeiteasierthanevertostayconnectedwithothers,theyhavealsoraisedconcernsabouttheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth,particularlyamongyoungpeople.Thisarticleexploresthepotentialnegativeeffectsofexcessivesocialmediauseandsuggestsstrategiesformitigatingtheserisks.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernsaboutsocialmediaisitspotentialtocontributetofeelingsofanxietyanddepression.Studieshaveshownthatspendingexcessiveamountsoftimeonsocialmediaplatformscanleadtosocialcomparison,whereindividualscomparetheirlivestotheoftenidealizedversionsofotherspresentedonline.Thiscanresultinfeelingsofinadequacy,envy,andlowself-esteem.Additionally,theconstantexposuretonegativenewsandcyberbullyingcanexacerbatethesefeelingsandnegativelyimpactmentalwell-being.Anotherissueassociatedwithsocialmediaisthephenomenonof"FOMO"(fearofmissingout).Thisisthefeelingthatonemightbemissingoutonenjoyableorinterestingevents,oftenpromptedbyseeingothers'activitiesonsocialmedia.FOMOcanleadtocompulsivecheckingofsocialmediaaccounts,fearofmissingoutonsocialevents,andevenanxietyaboutnotbeingabletoparticipateincertainactivities.Thisconstantneedtostayupdatedandconnectedcanbementallyexhaustinganddetrimentaltooverallwell-being.Moreover,socialmediacandisruptsleeppatterns,whichiscrucialformaintaininggoodmentalhealth.Thebluelightemittedbyscreenscaninterferewiththebody'snaturalsleep-wakecycle,makingithardertofallasleepandstayasleep.Lackofsleepcanleadtoavarietyofmentalhealthissues,includingirritability,fatigue,anddecreasedcognitivefunction.Therefore,excessivesocialmediause,especiallybeforebedtime,canhaveasignificantimpactonmentalhealth.Toaddresstheseconcerns,itisessentialtodevelophealthysocialmediahabits.Thiscanincludesettingtimelimitsforsocialmediause,takingregularbreaks,andbeingmindfulofthecontentconsumed.Engaginginofflineactivities,suchasspendingtimewithfriendsandfamily,pursuinghobbies,andgettingregularexercise,canalsohelpmitigatethenegativeeffectsofsocialmedia.Additionally,beingawareofthepotentialforsocialcomparisonandunrealisticexpectationscanpromoteamorebalancedandhealthyrelationshipwithsocialmedia.Inconclusion,whilesocialmediaoffersnumerousbenefits,itiscrucialtobemindfulofitspotentialnegativeimpactsonmentalhealth.Bydevelopinghealthyhabitsandbeingawareoftherisks,individualscanenjoythebenefitsofsocialmediawithoutcompromisingtheirwell-being.Questions:11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheprimarywayssocialmediacannegativelyaffectmentalhealth?12.Whatistheconceptof"FOMO"andhowdoesitrelatetosocialmediause?13.Howcanexcessivesocialmediausedisruptsleeppatterns,andwhataretheconsequences?14.Whataresomestrategiessuggestedinthepassageformitigatingthenegativeeffectsofsocialmedia?15.Whatisthemainmessageofthepassageregardingsocialmediaandmentalhealth?Passage4Sustainabledevelopmenthasbecomeaglobalpriorityinrecentdecades,astheconsequencesofenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletionbecomeincreasinglyapparent.Governments,organizations,andindividualsareseekingwaystopromotesustainabilityandensurethateconomicgrowthdoesnotcomeattheexpenseoftheplanet.Thisarticleexaminesthekeyprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentandexploressomeoftheinnovativesolutionsbeingimplementedtoachieveamoresustainablefuture.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentistheconceptofmeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisrequiresabalancedapproachthatconsidersenvironmental,social,andeconomicfactors.TheUnitedNations'SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)provideaframeworkforachievingthisbalance,aimingtoendpoverty,protecttheplanet,andensureprosperityforall.Oneofthekeychallengesofsustainabledevelopmentisreducingcarbonemissionsandmitigatingclimatechange.Transportation,industry,andenergyproductionaremajorsourcesofgreenhousegases,contributingtoglobalwarminganditsassociatedimpacts.Toaddressthis,manycountriesareinvestinginrenewableenergysourcessuchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.Thesetechnologiesofferclean,sustainablealternativestofossilfuelsandcansignificantlyreducecarbonemissions.Anotherimportantaspectofsustainabledevelopmentisconservingnaturalresourcesandpromotingbiodiversity.Deforestation,habitatdestruction,andpollutionaremajorthreatstoecosystemsandthespeciesthatdependonthem.Conservationefforts,suchasestablishingprotectedareas,implementingsustainableforestrypractices,andreducingpollution,arecrucialforpreservingbiodiversity.Additionally,promotingcirculareconomyprinciples,whichfocusonreducingwasteandreusingmaterials,canhelpconserveresourcesandminimizeenvironmentalimpact.Socialsustainabilityisalsoacriticalcomponentofsustainabledevelopment.Thisinvolvesensuringequitableaccesstoresources,promotingsocialinclusion,andimprovingqualityoflife.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstocreatecommunitieswherepeoplehaveaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andeconomicopportunities,whilealsoprotectingtheenvironment.Byaddressingsocialinequalitiesandpromotingsocialjustice,sustainabledevelopmentcancreatemoreresilientandequitablesocieties.Innovativesolutionsareemergingacrossvarioussectorstosupportsustainabledevelopment.Forexample,inagriculture,precisionfarmingtechniquesusetechnologytooptimizeresourceuseandreducewaste.Inurbanplanning,smartcitiesarebeingdevelopedtoimproveenergyefficiency,reducecongestion,andpromotesustainabletransportation.Thesesolutionsdemonstratethepotentialforinnovationtodrivesustainabledevelopmentandcreateamoresustainablefutureforall.Ultimately,achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresacollectiveeffortfromgovernments,organizations,andindividuals.Byadoptingsustainablepractices,investinginrenewableenergy,conservingnaturalresources,andpromotingsocialequity,wecancreateafuturethatisbothprosperousandenvironmentallysound.Thetransitiontoasustainableworldmaybechallenging,butthebenefitsaretoosignificanttoignore.Questions:16.Whatisthefundamentalprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentasdescribedinthepassage?17.Whataresomeofthemajorsourcesofgreenhousegasemissions,andhowaretheybeingaddressed?18.Howcanconservingnaturalresourcesandpromotingbiodiversitycontributetosustainabledevelopment?19.Whyissocialsustainabilityconsideredanimportantaspectofsustainabledevelopment?20.Whatexamplesofinnovativesolutionsarementionedinthepassagetosupportsustainabledevelopment?PartBDirections:Inthissection,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan150wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,andthenexplaintheimplicationsforindividualsandsociety.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(Donotwritethetitle.)Apersonisstandingatacrossroads,lookingatamapinonehandandasmartphoneintheother.Themapisold-fashioned,withhand-drawnillustrationsandacompass.ThesmartphonedisplaysaGPSnavigationsystemwithadigitalmap.Thepersonlooksconfused,asiftryingtodecidewhichwaytogo.Thebackgroundshowsalandscapewithmountainsandariver,symbolizingajourneyoragoal.---試卷答案PartAPassage11.D*解析思路：題干問批評(píng)者對(duì)人工智能影響就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的主要擔(dān)憂是什么。文章第一段明確提到“WhilesomearguethatAIwillcreatemorejobsthanitdestroys,otherswarnofmassunemploymentasmachinesbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.”（雖然一些人認(rèn)為人工智能創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)將多于其摧毀的，但其他人警告說(shuō)，隨著機(jī)器越來(lái)越能夠執(zhí)行傳統(tǒng)上由人類完成的任務(wù)，將出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模失業(yè)）。D選項(xiàng)“potentialforcausingmassunemployment”（可能導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模失業(yè)的潛力）與原文意思一致。2.A*解析思路：題干問根據(jù)文章，由于人工智能可能創(chuàng)造哪些工作類別。文章第二段提到“ApotentialforjobcategoriesthatcouldbecreatedduetoAIistheneedforhumanoversight,maintenance,anddevelopmentofAIsystems.”（由于人工智能，可能創(chuàng)造的工作類別之一是需要對(duì)人工智能系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行人工監(jiān)督、維護(hù)和開發(fā)）。A選項(xiàng)“AItrainers,datascientists,androboticsengineers”（人工智能訓(xùn)練師、數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家和機(jī)器人工程師）是第二段提到的相關(guān)職位，且符合“人工監(jiān)督、維護(hù)、開發(fā)”的需求。3.B*解析思路：題干問哪些行業(yè)被認(rèn)為最容易受到自動(dòng)化影響，為什么。文章第三段指出“Industriesheavilyreliantonroutine,repetitivetasksaremostvulnerabletoautomation.”（嚴(yán)重依賴常規(guī)、重復(fù)性任務(wù)的行業(yè)最容易受到自動(dòng)化影響）。B選項(xiàng)“Manufacturing,dataentry,andevensomeaspectsofcustomerservice”（制造業(yè)、數(shù)據(jù)錄入以及客戶服務(wù)的某些方面）是第三段明確提到的容易受影響的行業(yè)，因?yàn)樗鼈儭癶eavilyrelyonroutine,repetitivetasks”（嚴(yán)重依賴常規(guī)、重復(fù)性任務(wù)）。4.C*解析思路：題干問為減輕人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)的負(fù)面影響，提出了哪些社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)措施。文章第四段提到“Ononehand,governmentsmayneedtoinvestinretrainingprogramstohelpworkerstransitiontonewrolescreatedbyAI.”（一方面，政府可能需要投資于再培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，以幫助工人過渡到人工智能創(chuàng)造的新角色）。C選項(xiàng)“Investinginretrainingprogramstohelpworkerstransitiontonewroles”（投資再培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃以幫助工人過渡到新角色）直接對(duì)應(yīng)了原文提到的政府可能的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。5.A*解析思路：題干問文章暗示的利用人工智能好處而不產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響的關(guān)鍵是什么。文章最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)“Ultimately,theimpactofAIonthejobmarketwilldependonhowsocietiesadapttothesetechnologicalchanges.Ifwecannavigatethechallengesofautomationthroughstrategicplanningandinvestmentinhumanskills,AIhasthepotentialtoimproveourlives.”（人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的影響將取決于社會(huì)如何適應(yīng)這些技術(shù)變革。如果我們能夠通過戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和投資于人類技能來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)自動(dòng)化的挑戰(zhàn)，人工智能就有潛力改善我們的生活）。A選項(xiàng)“FosteringacollaborativerelationshipbetweenhumansandAI,wheretechnologyservestoenhancehumanpotentialratherthanreplaceit”（培養(yǎng)人類與人工智能的合作關(guān)系，讓技術(shù)服務(wù)于增強(qiáng)人類潛能而非取代人類）是最后一段核心思想的總結(jié)。6.B*解析思路：題干問文章關(guān)于“hygge”的主要思想是什么。文章首段定義了hygge“itismorethanjustatrend;itisaculturalpracticerootedincreatingasenseofcoziness,comfort,andcommunity.”（它不僅僅是一種趨勢(shì)；它是一種根植于創(chuàng)造舒適感、舒適感和社區(qū)感的文化實(shí)踐）。B選項(xiàng)“Hyggeemphasizestheimportanceofsimplepleasuresandthecreationofwarm,invitingatmospheres,fosteringasenseofbelonging.”（hygge強(qiáng)調(diào)簡(jiǎn)單樂趣和營(yíng)造溫馨、宜人氛圍的重要性，培養(yǎng)歸屬感）與原文定義的核心內(nèi)容一致。7.D*解析思路：題干問根據(jù)文章，如何在生活中實(shí)現(xiàn)hygge。文章第二段列舉了實(shí)現(xiàn)hygge的方法：“l(fā)ightingcandles,arrangingcomfortableseating,andenjoyinghomemadefoodanddrinks.Thiscanbeachievedthroughvariousmeans,suchaslightingcandles,arrangingcomfortableseating,andenjoyinghomemadefoodanddrinks.”（點(diǎn)蠟燭、安排舒適的座位、享受自制食物和飲料。這可以通過各種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，例如點(diǎn)蠟燭、安排舒適的座位、享受自制食物和飲料）。D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ightingcandles,arrangingcomfortableseating,andenjoyinghomemadefoodanddrinks”（點(diǎn)蠟燭、安排舒適的座位、享受自制食物和飲料）直接來(lái)源于原文，是具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。8.A*解析思路：題干問與hygge相關(guān)的哪些心理健康益處。文章第三段提到“studieshaveshownthatpracticesassociatedwithhygge,suchasspendingtimewithfamilyandfriendsandengaginginhobbies,canreducestressandimproveoverallhappiness.”（研究表明，與hygge相關(guān)的做法，如與家人和朋友共度時(shí)光以及參與愛好，可以減輕壓力并提高整體幸福感）。A選項(xiàng)“Reducesstressandimprovesoverallhappiness”（減輕壓力和提高整體幸福感）是原文直接提到的益處。9.C*解析思路：題干問在hygge的實(shí)踐為什么注重社區(qū)體驗(yàn)。文章第四段解釋了原因“hyggeoffersasenseofconnectionandmutualsupport”（hygge提供了一種連接感和相互支持的感覺）。C選項(xiàng)“Fostersafeelingofconnectionandmutualsupport”（培養(yǎng)連接感和相互支持的感覺）與原文意思相符，解釋了為什么社區(qū)體驗(yàn)很重要。10.B*解析思路：題干問文章傳達(dá)的關(guān)于hygge在當(dāng)代社會(huì)相關(guān)性的信息是什么。文章最后一段總結(jié)道“hyggeoffersasimpleyetpowerfulframeworkforenhancingourlives.Byfocusingoncoziness,community,andmindfulness,wecancreateamorefulfillingandjoyfulexistence.”（hygge提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而強(qiáng)大的框架來(lái)提升我們的生活。通過關(guān)注舒適、社區(qū)和正念，我們可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更充實(shí)、更快樂的存在）。B選項(xiàng)“Hyggeoffersasimpleyetpowerfulframeworkforenhancingourlivesincontemporarysocietybyfocusingoncoziness,community,andmindfulness.”（hygge通過關(guān)注舒適、社區(qū)和正念，為當(dāng)代社會(huì)提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而強(qiáng)大的提升生活的框架）概括了最后一段的核心信息。11.A*解析思路：題干問根據(jù)文章，社交媒體如何主要影響心理健康。文章第一段提到“Whilesomearguethatsocialmediahasbenefits,ithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutitsimpactonmentalhealth,particularlyamongyoungpeople.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernsisitspotentialtocontributetofeelingsofanxietyanddepression.”（雖然一些人認(rèn)為社交媒體有好處，但它也引發(fā)了對(duì)其對(duì)心理健康影響的擔(dān)憂，尤其是在年輕人中。最重大的擔(dān)憂之一是其可能導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁的感覺）。A選項(xiàng)“Potentialtocontributetofeelingsofanxietyanddepression”（可能導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁的感覺）是原文明確指出的主要負(fù)面影響。12.B*解析思路：題干問“FOMO”的概念以及它與社交媒體使用的關(guān)系。文章第二段定義了FOMO并解釋了其與社交媒體的關(guān)系：“Thisisthefeelingthatonemightbemissingoutonenjoyableorinterestingevents,oftenpromptedbyseeingothers'activitiesonsocialmedia.FOMOcanleadtocompulsivecheckingofsocialmediaaccounts,fearofmissingoutonsocialevents,andevenanxietyaboutnotbeingabletoparticipateincertainactivities.”（這是一種可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過愉快或有趣活動(dòng)的感覺，通常是由在社交媒體上看到他人的活動(dòng)而引起的。FOMO會(huì)導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)迫性地查看社交媒體賬戶、害怕錯(cuò)過社交活動(dòng)，甚至對(duì)無(wú)法參加某些活動(dòng)的焦慮）。B選項(xiàng)“Fearofmissingoutonenjoyableorinterestingeventsoftenpromptedbyseeingothers'activitiesonsocialmedia”（害怕錯(cuò)過愉快或有趣的活動(dòng)，通常由看到他人社交媒體上的活動(dòng)而引起）與原文定義一致。13.D*解析思路：題干問過度使用社交媒體如何破壞睡眠模式，以及后果是什么。文章第三段提到“Moreover,socialmediacandisruptsleeppatterns,whichiscrucialformaintaininggoodmentalhealth.Thebluelightemittedbyscreenscaninterferewiththebody'snaturalsleep-wakecycle,makingithardertofallasleepandstayasleep.Lackofsleepcanleadtoavarietyofmentalhealthissues,includingirritability,fatigue,anddecreasedcognitivefunction.”（此外，社交媒體會(huì)破壞睡眠模式，這對(duì)維持良好的心理健康至關(guān)重要。屏幕發(fā)出的藍(lán)光會(huì)干擾身體的自然睡眠-覺醒周期，使入睡和保持睡眠變得更加困難。睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種心理健康問題，包括易怒、疲勞和認(rèn)知功能下降）。D選項(xiàng)“Thebluelightemittedbyscreenscaninterferewiththebody'snaturalsleep-wakecycle,makingithardertofallasleepandstayasleep,leadingtomentalhealthissueslikeirritabilityandfatigue.”（屏幕發(fā)出的藍(lán)光會(huì)干擾身體的自然睡眠-覺醒周期，使入睡和保持睡眠變得更加困難，導(dǎo)致易怒和疲勞等心理健康問題）概括了原文關(guān)于破壞睡眠模式和后果的解釋。14.C*解析思路：題干問文章中建議的減輕社交媒體負(fù)面影響的策略有哪些。文章第四段提到了一些策略：“settingtimelimitsforsocialmediause,takingregularbreaks,andbeingmindfulofthecontentconsumed.Engaginginofflineactivities,suchasspendingtimewithfriendsandfamily,pursuinghobbies,andgettingregularexercise,canalsohelpmitigatethenegativeeffectsofsocialmedia.”（為社交媒體使用設(shè)定時(shí)間限制、定期休息并對(duì)所消費(fèi)的內(nèi)容保持警惕。參與線下活動(dòng)，如與家人和朋友共度時(shí)光、追求愛好和定期鍛煉，也有助于減輕社交媒體的負(fù)面影響）。C選項(xiàng)“Settingtimelimits,takingregularbreaks,beingmindfulofcontent,andengaginginofflineactivities”（設(shè)定時(shí)間限制、定期休息、對(duì)內(nèi)容保持警惕、參與線下活動(dòng)）是原文提到的具體策略。15.A*解析思路：題干問文章關(guān)于社交媒體和心理健康的主要信息是什么。文章最后一段總結(jié)了社交媒體對(duì)心理健康的影響及其管理：“Whilesocialmediaoffersnumerousbenefits,itiscrucialtobemindfulofitspotentialnegativeimpactsonmentalhealth.Bydevelopinghealthyhabitsandbeingawareoftherisks,individualscanenjoythebenefitsofsocialmediawithoutcompromisingtheirwell-being.”（雖然社交媒體提供了許多好處，但必須意識(shí)到其對(duì)心理健康的潛在負(fù)面影響。通過養(yǎng)成健康習(xí)慣和了解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，個(gè)人可以在不損害自身福祉的情況下享受社交媒體的好處）。A選項(xiàng)“Socialmediahaspotentialnegativeimpactsonmentalhealth,butindividualscanmitigatethesebydevelopinghealthyhabitsandbeingawareoftherisks.”（社交媒體對(duì)心理健康有潛在的負(fù)面影響，但個(gè)人可以通過養(yǎng)成健康習(xí)慣和了解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)減輕這些影響）概括了原文的核心觀點(diǎn)。16.A*解析思路：題干問文章描述的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本原則是什么。文章第一段定義了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的核心原則：“sustainabledevelopmentistheconceptofmeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”（可持續(xù)發(fā)展是滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，同時(shí)不損害后代人滿足其自身需求的能力的概念）。A選項(xiàng)“Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds”（滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，同時(shí)不損害后代人滿足其自身需求的能力）與原文定義完全一致。17.B*解析思路：題干問文章中一些主要的溫室氣體排放源是什么，以及它們是如何被解決的。文章第三段提到了主要的排放源及其解決方法：“Transportation,industry,andenergyproductionaremajorsourcesofgreenhousegases,contributingtoglobalwarminganditsassociatedimpacts.Toaddressthis,manycountriesareinvestinginrenewableenergysourcessuchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.”（交通、工業(yè)和能源生產(chǎn)是溫室氣體的主要來(lái)源，導(dǎo)致全球變暖及其相關(guān)影響。為了解決這個(gè)問題，許多國(guó)家正在投資太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和水力發(fā)電等可再生能源）。B選項(xiàng)“Transportation,industry,andenergyproductionaremajorsourcesofgreenhousegases,andmanycountriesareinvestinginrenewableenergysourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpowertoaddressthis.”（交通、工業(yè)和能源生產(chǎn)是溫室氣體的主要來(lái)源，許多國(guó)家正在投資太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和水力發(fā)電等可再生能源來(lái)解決這個(gè)問題）概括了原文的信息。18.C*解析思路：題干問保護(hù)自然資源和促進(jìn)生物多樣性如何有助于可持續(xù)發(fā)展。文章第四段解釋了其重要性：“Conservationefforts,suchasestablishingprotectedareas,implementingsustainableforestrypractices,andreducingpollution,arecrucialforpreservingbiodiversity.Additionally,promotingcirculareconomyprinciples,whichfocusonreducingwasteandreusingmaterials,canhelpconserveresourcesandminimizeenvironmentalimpact.”（保護(hù)工作，如建立保護(hù)區(qū)、實(shí)施可持續(xù)林業(yè)實(shí)踐和減少污染，對(duì)于保護(hù)生物多樣性至關(guān)重要。此外，促進(jìn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則，這些原則側(cè)重于減少?gòu)U料和重復(fù)使用材料，有助于保護(hù)資源和最小化環(huán)境影響）。C選項(xiàng)“Conservationeffortslikeestablishingprotectedareasandimplementingsustainablepracticescanpreservebiodiversityandhelpconserveresources,contributingtosustainabledevelopment.”（如建立保護(hù)區(qū)和實(shí)施可持續(xù)實(shí)踐的保護(hù)工作可以保護(hù)生物多樣性并幫助保護(hù)資源，有助于可持續(xù)發(fā)展）與原文意思一致。19.D*解析思路：題干問為什么社會(huì)可持續(xù)性被認(rèn)為是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要方面。文章第五段解釋了原因：“Socialsustainabilityisalsoacriticalcomponentofsustainabledevelopment.Thisinvolvesensuringequitableaccesstoresources,promotingsocialinclusion,andimprovingqualityoflife.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstocreatecommunitieswherepeoplehaveaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andeconomicopportunities,whilealsoprotectingtheenvironment.”（社會(huì)可持續(xù)性也是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分。這包括確保資源的公平獲取、促進(jìn)社會(huì)包容和提高生活質(zhì)量。可持續(xù)發(fā)展旨在創(chuàng)建社區(qū)，在那里人們可以獲得教育、醫(yī)療保健和經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)保護(hù)環(huán)境）。D選項(xiàng)“Ensuringequitableaccesstoresources,promotingsocialinclusion,andimprovingqualityoflifebycreatingcommunitieswherepeoplehaveaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andeconomicopportunities”（通過創(chuàng)建人們可以獲得教育、醫(yī)療保健和經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)的社區(qū)，確保資源的公平獲取、促進(jìn)社會(huì)包容和提高生活質(zhì)量）是原文對(duì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)性重要性的解釋。20.E*解析思路：題干問文章中提到了哪些支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新解決方案的例子。文章最后一段提到了一些創(chuàng)新解決方案：“Innovativesolutionsareemergingacrossvarioussectorstosupportsustainabledevelopment.Forexample,inagriculture,precisionfarmingtechniquesusetechnologytooptimizeresourceuseandreducewaste.Inurbanplanning,smartcitiesarebeingdevelopedtoimproveenergyefficiency,reducecongestion,andpromotesustainabletransportation.”（各種行業(yè)正在出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新解決方案來(lái)支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展。例如，在農(nóng)業(yè)中，精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)使用技術(shù)來(lái)優(yōu)化資源利用并減少浪費(fèi)。在城市規(guī)劃中，正在開發(fā)智能城市，以提高能源效率、減少擁堵并促進(jìn)可持續(xù)交通）。E選項(xiàng)“Precisionfarmingtechniquesinagricultureandsmartcitiesinurbanplanning”（農(nóng)業(yè)中的精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和城市規(guī)劃中的智能城市）直接來(lái)源于原文，是提到的創(chuàng)新解決方案的例子。PartBAnessayThe