2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案PartI Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ittriestoentertainitsaudience. B)Ittriestolookintothedistance. C)Itwantstocatchpeople’sattention.D)Ithasgotoneofitslimbsinjured.2.A)Itwasspottedbyanimalprotectionofficials.B)Itwasfilmedbyalocaltelevisionreporter.C)Itsvideoswerepostedonsocialmedia.D)Itspicturewonaphotographyprize.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Thedistancetravelled. B)Theincidenceofroadaccidents.C)Thespendingongas. D)Thenumberofpeopletravelling.4.A)Fewerpeoplearecommuting. B)Gasconsumptionissoaring.C)Jobgrowthisslowingdown. D)Rush-hourtrafficisworsening.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hetoldastrangerthesadstoryabouthimself.B)Hehelpedastrangertocarrygroceriestohiscar.C)Hewentuptoastrangerandpulledathissleeves.D)Hewashedastranger’scarinreturnforsomefood.6.A)Heorderedalotoffoodforhisfamily.B)Hegavehimajobathisowncompany.C)Heraisedalargesumofmoneyforhim.D)Heofferedhimascholarshipforcollege.7.A)Heworkshardtosupporthisfamily. B)Heisanexcellentstudentatschool. C)Heisverygoodatmakingupstories.D)Hehasbeendisabledsinceboyhood.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Attendedaneconomicslecture. B)TakenawalkonCharlesStreet. C)HadadrinkatQueenVictoria.D)Haddinneratanewrestaurant.9.A)Treatacollegefriendtodinner. B)Makepreparationsforaseminar. C)Attendhisbrother’sbirthdayparty.D)Visitsomeofhishighschoolfriends.10.A)Gatherstatisticsforhislecture.B)Throwasurprisebirthdayparty.C)MeetwithJonathan’sfriendsontheweekend.D)Joinhiminhisbrother’sbirthdaycelebration.11.A)Bycar. B)Bytrain. C)Bytaxi. D)Bybus.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Takingavacationabroad. B)Reviewingforhislastexam.C)Savingenoughmoneyforarainyday. D)Findingabetterwaytoearnmoney.13.A)Preparingforhisfinalexams. B)Negotiatingwithhisbossforaraise. C)Workingparttimeasawaiter.D)Helpingthewomanwithhercourses.14.A)Finishhertermpaper. B)Saveenoughmoney. C)LearnalittlebitofSpanish.D)Askherparent’spermission.15.A)Hehasrichsailingexperience. B)HespeaksSpanishfluently. C)HeisalsoeagertogotoSpain.D)Heiseasytogetalongwith.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Shewenttothesameuniversityashermother.B)SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWar.C)ShewontheNobelPrizetwotimes.D)ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinner.17.A)Shefoughtbravelyinaseriesofmilitaryoperations.B)ShedevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryhospitals.C)Shehelpedtosetupseveralmilitaryhospitals.D)Shemadedonationstosavewoundedsoldiers.18.A)Bothdiedofbloodcancer. B)BothfoughtinWorldWarI. C)Bothwonmilitarymedals.D)Bothmarriedtheirassistants.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)TheywerethefirstsettlersinEurope.B)TheyweretheconquerorsofNorway.C)TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthcentury.D)TheysettledonasmallislandnorthofEngland.20.A)ItwassomefivehundredmileswestofNorway.B)Itwascoveredwithgreenmosttimeoftheyear.C)ItwastheVikings’mostimportantdiscovery.D)Itwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithice.21.A)TheVikings’oceanexplorations. B)ThemakingofEuropeannations. C)TheVikings’everydaylife.D)TheEuropeans’Arcticdiscoveries.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Workhardforabetterlife. B)Makemistakesnowandthen. C)Dreamaboutthefuture.D)Saveagainstarainyday.23.A)Teachforeignlanguagesfortherestofhislife.B)Changewhathehasforhispastimaginaryworld.C)Exchangehistwo-storyhouseforabeachcottage.D)wellonthedreamshehaddreamedwhenyoung.24.A)Criminallaw. B)Cityplanning. C)Orientalarchitecture.D)Internationalbusiness.25.A)Dreamandmakeplans. B)Takethingseasyinlife. C)Becontentwithwhatyouhave.D)Enjoywhateveryouaredoing.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TechnologicalchangesbroughtdramaticnewoptionstoAmericanslivinginthe1990s.Duringthisdecadenewformsofentertainment,commerce,research,andcommunicationbecamecommonplaceintheU.S.Thedrivingforcebehindmuchofthischangewasa(n)26popularlyknownastheInternet.TheInternetwasdevelopedduringthe1970sbytheDepartmentofDefense.Inthecaseofanattack,militaryadviserssuggestedthe27ofbeingabletooperateonecomputerfromanotherterminal.Intheearlydays,theInternetwasusedmainlybyscientiststocommunicatewithotherscientists.TheInternet28undergovernmentcontroluntil1984.OneearlyproblemfacedbyInternetuserswasspeed.Phonelinescouldonlytransmitinformationata29rate.Thedevelopmentoffiber-optic(光纖)cablesallowedforbillionsofbitsofinformationtobereceivedeveryminute.CompanieslikeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalcomputerscouldprocessthe30signalsatamorerapidrate.Intheearly1990s,theWorldWideWebwasdeveloped,inlargepart,for31purposes.Corporationscreatedhomepageswheretheycouldplacetextandgraphicstosellproducts.Soonairlinetickets,hotel32,andevencarsandhomescouldbepurchasedonline.Universities33researchdataontheInternet,sostudentscouldfind34informationwithoutleavingtheirdormitories.Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeand35online,soawholenewclassoftelecommutersbegantoearnalivingfromhomeofficesunshavenandwearingpajamas(睡衣).AdvantageCommercialConservationEquippedIncomingInnovationLimitedLocalMaintainedOccupationsPostedRemainedReservationsSubmittedValuableSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofKnitting[A]About15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup.Iagreedtogiveitatry.[B]Mymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(鉤織)，andIwasonmywaytobecomingahighlyproductivecrafter.[C]I’vemadecountlessbabyblankets,sweaters,scarves,hats,capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.[D]Itseems,too,thatI’mpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工藝).TheCraftYarnCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25-35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyfriend’sthreesmallgrandsons.LastApril,thecouncilcreateda“StitchAwayStress”campaigninhonorofNationalStressAwarenessMonth.Dr.HerbertBenson,apioneerinmind/bodymedicineandauthorofTheRelaxationResponse,saysthattherepetitiveactionofneedleworkcaninducearelaxedstatslikethatassociatedwithmeditation(沉思)andyoga.Onceyougetbeyondtheinitiallearningcurve,knittingandcrochetingcanlowerheartrateandbloodpressure.[E]Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.Ikeepphotosofmysingularaccomplishmentsonmycellphonetoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.[F]Sincethe1990s,thecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.Amongthemisthefatherofaprematurelyborndaughterwhoreportedthatduringthebaby’sfiveweeksintheintensivecareunit,“l(fā)earninghowtoknitinfanthatsgavemeasenseofpurposeduringatimethatIfeltveryhelpless.It’sahobbythatI’vestuckwith,anditcontinuestohelpmecopewithstressatwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙亂的)days,andallowmybraintimetosolveproblems.”[G]Arecentemailfromtheyarn(紡紗)companyRedHearttitled“HealthBenefitsofCrochetingandKnitting”promptedmetoexplorewhatelsemightbeknownaboutthehealthvalueofactivitieslikeknitting.Myresearchrevealedthattherewardsgowellbeyondreplacingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.[H]Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecopingwithhealthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessofafamilymember.Schoolsandprisonswithcraftprogramsreportthattheyhaveacalmingeffectandenhancesocialskills.Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildren’smathskills.I）Somepeoplefindthatcraftworkhelpsthemcontroltheirweight.Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.[J]I’vefoundthatmyhandiworkwithyarnhashelpedmyarthritic(患關(guān)節(jié)炎的)fingersremainmoredexterous(靈巧的)asIage.AwomanencouragedtotryknittingandcrochetingafterdevelopinganautoimmunediseasethatcausedalotofhandpainreportedontheCraftYarnCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainful.[K]A2009UniversityofBritishColumbiastudyof38womenwithaneatingdisorderwhoweretaughttoknitfoundthatlearningthecraftledtosignificantimprovements.Seventy-fourpercentofthewomensaidtheactivitylessenedtheirfearsandkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirproblem.[L]BetsanCorkhill,awellnesscoachinBath,England,andauthorofthebookKnitforHealth&Wellness,establishedawebsite,Stitchlinks,toexplorethevalueofwhatshecallstherapeuticknitting.Amongherrespondents,54percentofthosewhowereclinicallydepressedsaidthatknittingmadethemfeelhappyorveryhappy.Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.Perhapsmostexcitingisresearchthatsuggeststhatcraftslikeknittingandcrochetingmayhelptokeepoffadeclineinbrainfunctionwithage.Ina2011study,researchersledDr.YonasGedaattheMayoClinicinRochesterinterviewedarandom(隨機(jī)的)sampleof1,321peopleages70-89,mostofwhomwerecognitively(在認(rèn)知方面)normal,aboutthecognitiveactivitiestheyengagedinlateinlife.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelopingmildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.[M]Althoughitispossiblethatonlypeoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthywouldpursuesuchactivities,thosewhoreadnewspapersormagazinesorplayedmusicdidnotshowsimilarbenefits.Theresearchersspeculatethatcraftactivitiespromotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.[N]Insupportofthatsuggestion,a2014studybyDeniseC.ParkoftheUniversityofTexasatDallasandcolleaguesdemonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderadults.Thosewhoengagedinactivitiesthatwerenotintellectuallychallengingeitherinasocialgrouporalone,didnotshowsuchimprovements.[O]Giventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingtomaximizethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.Iforonetrynottomissasingleweeklymeetingofmyknittinggroup.36.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherconcentrate.37.Knittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromtobacco.38.Evenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofknitters.39.Beingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprolongsone’slife.40.Knittingdivertspeople’sattentionfromtheirpain.41.Theauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.42.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewersnacks.43.Surveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelievestress.44.Accordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitivedamage.45.Theproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-respect.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosis.What’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickbetweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica notgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(貧民窟);migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevelofincomethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthere’slittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmoreproductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsoftheworld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrializationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.Governmentisconcentratedincapitals,soisthemoney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙帶關(guān)系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThoughAfricancountriesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilworkerscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthatincomewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacity’spopulationgrowsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?Theyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheworld.Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher.Theyareasmodernizedasmanycitieselsewhere.Theyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetteroff.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanizationinotherpartsoftheworld?Itbenefitedfromthecontributionofimmigrants.Itstartedwhenpeople’sincomewasrelativelyhigh.Itbenefitedfromtheacceleratedriseinproductivity.Itstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’slivelihood.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?Itlacksadequatetransportfacilities.Thelivingexpensestherearetoohigh.Itisonthewholetoodenselypopulated.Thelocalgovernmentsarecorrupted.InwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?Theyhaveattractedhugenumbersoffarmlabourers.Theystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalproductivity.Theyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofnature.Theydependfarmoreonforeigninvestment.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?Loweringofapartmentrent.Bettereducationforresidents.Morerationaloverallplanning.Amoreresponsiblegovernment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit—looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.Byandlarge,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsideforces—werethedecidingfactorinhowtheirlivesturnedout.Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeincurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofthedegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewperspectivesandlifeexperiences.Sixty-year-oldWillFendley,whohadasuccessfulcareerinthemilitaryandneverearnedacollegedegree,thinks“personaldrive”isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook,arethenecessaryingredientsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.51.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave .A)anadvancedacademicdegreeB)anambitiontogetaheadC)afirmbeliefintheirdreamD)asenseofdriveandpurpose52.WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream?A)MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.B)ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.C)Americans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.D)AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.53.WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?A)Itstillremainsopentodebate.B)Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.C)Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe