B3U4Grammar過去分詞作定、狀、補語Focuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasattributives單個V-ed作定語，常放在被修飾詞之前，V-ed短語作定語時要放在被修飾詞之后。單個V-ed作定語a.及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,一般兼有被動和完成的意義。b.不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,有主動和完成意義。①

agrownwoman一位成年婦女②

anescapedprisoner一名逃犯①

abrokencup一個破杯子②

awoundedsoldier一名傷員▲單個V-ed作定語，原則上是前置的。但有些單個的V-ed，在習(xí)慣上或因為受到某些限制，則放在被修飾詞之后。1.Hehasspentallthemoneydonated.2.Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindwritten.3.Whoweretheso-calledguests

invited?4.Shealwaysatethefoodleft.1.被修飾詞前有all,every等表“全部”概念的詞修飾時；2.被修飾詞前有最高級；3.被修飾語過長或有其他定語；4.習(xí)慣上作后置定語的V-ed(如left“剩下的”)他花光了所有捐贈的錢。這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。

昨晚被邀請那些所謂的客人是誰呀?她總吃剩飯。a.thecolorTVset

producedlastyear

=thecolorTVset

thatwasproducedlastyear去年生產(chǎn)的彩色電視機2.V-ed短語作定語通常后置，其作用相當于定語從句。b.Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他們當中有一些人，生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。1.Therewasan________(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.2.It’swrongforthe___________(develop)countriestocontroltheworld.3.Ihavecollectedthemoney________(need).4.Thisistheproblem_________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.5.The_________(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.exciteddevelopedneededdiscussedsurprisedLet’spracticeFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasadverbialsTheteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbysomestudents.2.

Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.1.

Askedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.3.

Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.4.

Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn'tfeelafraidatall.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.時間原因條件讓步伴隨

V-ed在句中可充當時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語，相當于一個狀語從句；Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.

V-ed在句中可充當伴隨或方式狀語，相當于一個并列句；V-ed充當狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。Changethesentencesintocompleteones.1.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Unlessinvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.3.Oncecaughtsmokinginthekitchen,thecookwillbefired.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.UnlessIaminvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.Oncethecookiscaughtsmokinginthekitchen,hewillbefired.V-ed作狀語有時可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if等連詞)+V-ed。1.Giventhatit'sraining,weshouldbringanumbrella.2.Iwillagreetogo,

providing/providedthatmyexpensesarepaid.考慮到在下雨，我們應(yīng)該帶把傘。如果幫我支付費用，我就同意去。動詞-ed用于某些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示說話人的態(tài)度、觀點等，形式不受影響，如：giventhat(考慮到);providing/providedthat(如果)等等1.__________(compare)ShanghaiwithXi'an,wefoundShanghaiislarger.2._________(compare)withXi'an,Shanghaiislarger.3.______(lose)himselfinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.4.____(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.ComparingLosingLostComparedLet’spracticeFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasobjectcomplements?V-ed作賓語補足語表示

被動或完成的意義。?V-ed與賓語之間存在邏

輯上的動賓關(guān)系。1.感官動詞如：watch,observe,see,notice,hear,listento,feel,find等。①Whenwegottoschool,wesaw

thedoor

locked.②Hefound

hishouse

brokenintowhenhegotbackhome.V-ed作賓語補足語常用于以下幾種情況：當我們到學(xué)校時，我們看見門鎖著?；氐郊宜l(fā)現(xiàn)家被盜。①You'dbetterkeep

theguests

seated.②We'rehavingourcar

repaired.③I'm

trying

toget

thisarticle

finishedforThursday.

④Shehadto

shout

tomakeherself

heardabovethe

sound

ofthe

music.2.使役動詞，如：have,let,make,get,keep,leave等。3.在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用V-ed作賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。①Themurdererwasbroughtin,with

hishandstiedbehindhisback.②

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.③

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.

兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。(表條件)事情得到解決，我們都回家了。(表原因)在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用V-ing和todo作賓語補足語。①Withoutanyone________(notice)me,Istoleintotheroom.②Withalotofdifficultproblems________(sdettle),hecan’tgethomeearly.沒有人注意到我,我偷偷溜進了房間。有很多難題要解決，他無法早點到家。noticingtosettleFinishtheexercises(P49)B1Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.B2interestingKnowingtiedConductedacceptedarguing選擇正確的單詞形式填空：1.Watchingthe__________(finishing/finished)painting,Alicecouldn'thelpsmiling.2.Mostoftheartists__________(inviting/invited)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3.The__________(surprising/surprised)lookonherfacesuggestedthatshehadn'tknownthenewsbefore.4.Therearemany________(fallen/falling)leavesonthestreet.5.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself_______(hear).6.__________(frighten)bythenoiseoutside,Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.finishedinvitedsurprisedfallenheardFrightened用正確的非謂語動詞形式填空1.Tomistheonlyone_________(know)thetruth.2.Thefood_____________(cook)atthemomentisforthecomingparty.3.______(face)withsuchadifficulttask,wemustredoubleourefforts.4.Hehurriedtothestation,only_____________(inform)thatthetrainhadleft.5.Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines___________(approach),Grantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.6.Mycomputerbrokedownthismorning,andIwillgetit________(repair)assoonaspossible.tobeinformedrepairedFacedbeingcookedapproachingtoknowLanguagepointssurround(vt.)圍繞,環(huán)繞;包圍;與……緊密相關(guān)e.g.:①Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnew____________(surround).②___________(surround)byhisfamily,thecelebratedsingersmiledbrightly.③這個湖被綠樹環(huán)繞，非常漂亮。(1)surround…with…用…包圍/圍繞…besurroundedby/with…被…包圍/環(huán)繞(2)surrounding(adj.)周圍的;附近的(3)surroundings(n.)環(huán)境Thelake,whichissurroundedbygreentrees,isverybeautiful.(定語從句)(動詞-ed形式作狀語)

(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))(表語前置引起完全倒裝)Surroundedbygreentrees,thelakeisverybeautiful.Greentreessurroundingthelake,thelakeisverybeautiful.Surroundingthebeautifullakearegreentrees.surroundingsSurroundedfavour(vt.)較喜歡;偏袒;有助于(n.)幫助,好事;贊同;偏袒e.g.:①I’mwritingthislettertoaskyou

a

favourwithmycominginterview.②Wesincerelyhopeyoucandousafavourandguideushowtoadaptastory.③Thenewlawwaspassedinfavourofprotectingtherightsofconsumers.④Theprogrammehaslostfavourwithviewersrecently.⑤Thesearetherunningshoes________(favour)bymarathonrunners.(1)asksbafavour＝askafavourofsb請某人幫忙dosbafavour＝givesbahand幫某人忙infavourof同意;支持;贊成inone’sfavour有利于某人;對某人有利infavour受歡迎;得寵losefavour不受歡迎;失寵(2)favourable(adj.)贊同的;有利的;給人好印象的(3)favourite(adj.)最喜愛的favouredcharge(v.)充電;收費;控告;使…承擔責任(n.)收費;控告;譴責;掌管e.g.:①Beforeuse,thebatterymustbecharged.②Thetrafficpolicemanchargedthedriver_____speedingandfinedhim$50.③Aslongasyou’vepaidinadvance,wewon’tchargeyou___delivery.④Wehaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayandfreeofcharge.⑤ThecompanyisinthechargeofTomwhilethebossisaway.(1)chargesb…forsth為某物向某人收取費用chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事(2)takechargeof掌管/負責…inchargeof控制/管理…inthechargeof受…的管理;由…負責freeofcharge＝forfree免費withforgooff發(fā)生;離開;熄滅;發(fā)出巨響;爆炸e.g.:①Shewentofftogetadrink.②Thebombwentoffinacrowdedstreet.③Themeetingwentoffwell.④Suddenlythelightswentoff. ⑤Heheardthealarmgooff.withabang很成功;引人注目e.g.:①Thepartywentwithabang.②Sheslammedthedoorwithaban