備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破

技能3詞句猜測(cè)題

考點(diǎn)分析

詞句猜測(cè)題是指在閱讀過(guò)程內(nèi)根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識(shí)及語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測(cè)或

推斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞的意義。它是一種非常有用的閱讀技巧，通過(guò)上下文提供的線索或生詞本身

的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)對(duì)詞義作出正確判斷，能提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力。

常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式：

?Theunderlinedword“shoot“inthe2ndparagraphmeans"

②Whaldoesthepronoun“This”inthelastparagraphreferto（所指）?

@Thcunderlinedword“promise"probablymeans.

④Whatdotheunderlinedwordsmean?

⑤Whaldothewords“oncloudnine^^inParagraph2probablymean?

解題技巧

?根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)

⑴根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜測(cè)表示因果關(guān)系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult...

,表示同義關(guān)系的:and,like,justas...

表示反義關(guān)系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead（of）等等

⑵利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)「根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)行猜詞。

Y例如care（小心）->careful（小心的）fcarefully（小心地）;

write（寫(xiě)）一rewrite（改寫(xiě)）。

j根據(jù)“合成詞”猜測(cè)。

L例J如school+bag->schoolbag；down+stairs->downstairs

?根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞

常用be,becalled,mean或破折號(hào)或定語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)表示。

例如：?Whydoesjoggingrunningslowlybeesopopular.（慢跑）

②Porkisthemeatofpigs.（豬肉）

（3）Janeiswaimhcaitcd,shelikestohelpothers.（熱心的）

?根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)

從文章中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，根據(jù)特定的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷理解，推敲斟酌和最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。

例如：?Chinaisourmotherland.1祖國(guó)）

?Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.（育兒袋）

③It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.（凍僵了的,麻木的）

例題剖析

（2021?江蘇鎮(zhèn)江?中考真題）

However,aWWFresearchshowedChina'swetlandswereseriouslythreatenedbydegradationbecauseof

pollution,climatechangeandoverexploitation.Soourgovernmenthasbeentakingactionstoreturnfarmlandto

wetlandandremovesomefishfarms.

Theunderlinedword“degradation“inParagraph3probablymeans.

A.theprocessofsomethingbeingmadebetter

B.theprocessofsomethingbeingmadeworse

C.thesituationinwhichsomebodyhaswonalltherespect

D.thesituationinwhichsomebodyhaslostalltherespect

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。分析“However,aWWFresearchshowedChina'swetlandswereseriouslythreatenedby

degradationbecauseofpollution,climatechangeandoverexploitalion.“可知，世界自然基金會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究表明,

由于污染、氣候變化和過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)，中國(guó)的濕地正受到退化的嚴(yán)重威脅。此處degradation的意根是“退化”,

故選Bo

限時(shí)專練

Passage1（2021?甘肅蘭州,中考真題）

Sixweeksbelorehis97(hbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimeetrue:Hegotauniversity

degree.

Mr.Paterno'sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasalscdrawn

attentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofbelief.HehasencouragedirillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewhere

whiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic(新冠疫情).

BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily.Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoon

afterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.

“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung-notinagebutinspirit—ifyou

developinterests,“saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.

Italy'suniversitysystemisbasedonathreeyeardegree,thenatwoyearmaster'scourse.Universityofficials

arehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.△"Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,idon't

knowwhether1wouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit/'hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehima

bitdred.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster'sdegreebuthe

hadn'tdecidedyet.

閱讀以上短文。根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答其后各個(gè)小題。

I.GiuseppePaterno'sdreamofalifetimeisto.

A.drawpeople'sattentionB.worktosupporthisfamily

C.getuniversitydegreeD.encouragethechildreninhiscounty

2.Theunderlinedword^beliefinparagraph2probablymeans.

A.品格B.信念C.責(zé)任D.觀點(diǎn)

3.AccordingtoRossellaCancia,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay.

A.younginspiritB.younginageC.healthyinbodyD.healthyinmind

4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbebestpulin(he“△"？

A.Andheisquitesure.B.Butheisn'tsosure.

7.WhenJoehadareallybadseizure.Buddycalled.

A.Joe'sfriendB.911C.thehospital

8.“Buddy'smyworld"means“Buddy's

A.likeaheroB.agooddogC.everythingtome

9.Winniemadesuchaloudmeowsoundbecauseshewas.

A.feelingsickB.notabletosleepC.tryingtowakeupCathy

1().Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.CrazypetsB.LifesaversC.Trainedanimals

Passage3(2021?山東威海?中考真題)

HaveyoueverwantedtoseetheGreatWallofChina,orwinanOscarforBestDirector,orswimwith

dolphins?Ifso,youarenotalone.Weallhavethingswewanttodoorachieve.Thesearepartofour'bucketlists''.

Abucketlistisalistofthingsthatsomeonewantsloexperienceinhisorherlifetime.Thesethingscanbebigor

small.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatisonyourbucketlist?

LindsayDoran,15,createdherbucketlistwhenshewas14.Shehasgivenherlistseriousthought.^Pve

alwayswantedtotravelintospace,tlshesays.Tdon'treallywantto5eanastronaut.ButIdowanttogotospace

asatourist.IwanttosectheEarthfromabove."OtherthingsonherlistincludebeingonTV,seeingherfavorite

bandinconcert,learninghowtospeakPortuguese,andlivinginaforeigncountry.'Tvealwayswantedtolivein

Brazil.Aspartofmybucketlist,IwanttoattendCamavalinRiodeJaneiroJshesays.

JoseNoriega,16.recentlycreatedalistofthingshewantstoachieve.Itchangessometimes—headdsand

removesthingsbecausehewantstokeepthenumberofthingsatseven.Onethinghasstayedatnumberone,

(hough:hewantstovisitamovieset.Hewouldlike(oseetheHarryPotterorTheHobbitmoviesets.Otherthings

onthelistincludebeingonTV,meeiinghisfavoritesportsstar,livinginaforeigncountry,skateboardingdowna

mountain,attendingtheWorldCup,andbackpackingacrossEurope.Hewouldliketospendtwomon:hsvisiting

EasternEuropewithhisbestfriendAdam."MaybeafterIgraduatefromcollege,saysJose.

CarrieKincaid,14.alsohasabucketlist.Shefirstcreateditwhenshewas12.Shewouldliketoliveina

foreigncountryforatleasttwoyears.Shealsowantstolearnasmanyforeignlanguagesaspossible.Butthe

numberonethingonherlististoseeherfavoritebandinconcert.Shealsowantstogoonsafariandtovisita

movieset.HerfavoritemoviesaretheHungerGamesandStarWarsseries.Carrieisconfidentshewilldomostor

allofthethingsonherbucketlist44I'monly14,“shesays."Ihavemywholelifeaheadofmc!^^

11.Peoplehavebucketlistssothattheycan.

A.worktowardachievingallthethings（heywanttodo

B.tellpeopleaboutthethings（heywanttodo

C.tellpeopleaboutthethingsthattheyhavealreadydone

12.Lindsaywantstotraveltospaceto.

A.seetheEarthfromabove

B.experiencewhatit'sliketowalkinspace

C.realizeherdreamofbeinganastronaut

13.Whatcanwereplacetheunderlinedword“removes”with?

A.chansesB.takesawayC.movesaround

14.Whowasthefirstonetocreateabucketlist?

A.Lindsay.B.Jose.C.Carrie.

15.Allofthethreeteenagerswantto.

A.beonTVB.visitamoviesetC.liveinaforeigncountry

Passage4（2021?遼寧阜新,中考真題）

Walking

Ifyouwanttogethealthyorstayhealthy,thereisoneeasyactivityforyou—walking.Youmaythinkthat

simplytakingawalkisnotenoughtomakeabigdifference.Youmaythinkthatyouneedtodosomethinglike

runningtostayhealthy.Well,anewstudysaysthatisnottrue.IlfindsoutthatwalkingmaybeasgoodForusas

running.

Runningisahighimpact（高強(qiáng)度的）activityandcanbehardonthebody.So,manypeoplecannotrun.

Walkingseemstohavealloftheadvantagesandnoneofthedisadvantagesofrunning.

DrRussellPateisaprofessorofexercisescienceattheArnoldSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityof

SouthCarolina.Hesays,44Walkingisoneoftheeasiestandsafestexercisesapersoncando.Youdonotneedto

leamalottogetresults.^^

WalkingneedsnospecialskillsorcauiDmcnt.Youcandoitanywhere.Itfitseasilyintoyourdailyschedule

（口程表）.Youcanwalkatwork.Youcanwalkifyouwanttogoshopping.Youcantakethestairsinsteadofthe

lift.

Walkingisagreatexerciseforbeginners.Ifyouareoutofshapeorgettingbackintoshapeafteranillnessor

accident,walkingisperfect.Youcandoalittleatatime,orasweliketosay,takebabysteps.

16.Thenewstudyshowsthat.

A.runningisbetterthanwalkingB.walkingisthebestwayofexercising

C.walkingandrunningarcnotgoodenoughD.walkingisasgoodasrunning

17.DrRussellPatesayswalkingisoneoftheeasiestandsafestexercisesbecause.

A.walkingisahighimpactactivityandcanbeeasyonthebody

B.walkingneedsnoskills

C.walkingneedsnospecialskillsorequipment,andwecandoitanywhere

D.walkinghasmoreadvantagesthanrunning

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“equipment”inParagraph5meaninChinese?

A.器材B.食宿C.機(jī)會(huì)D.階段

19.WhichoneisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?

A.Walkingisnotgoodforabeginner.

B.Walkingseemstohavealloftheadvantagesofrunning.

C.You'dbetterdrivewhenyouwanttogoshopping.

D.Walkingdoesharmtoallpeopleafteranillnessoraccident.

20.Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Totellpeoplethattheyshouldn'twalkmore.B.Totellpeoplethatwalkingisawasteoftime.

C.lbtellpeoplethattheyshouldwalkmore.D.Totellpeoplethattheydon'tneedtorunanymore.

Passage5（2021?青海西寧?中考真題）

?OnaSundaynight,apooryoungartiststoodatthegateoftherailwaystation,playinghisviolin.Themusic

wassogreatthatmanypeoplestoppedtoputsomemoneyintohishat.

?Afteranhour,amannishedthroughthecrowdtotheartistandsaid,“Yes,it'syou.Iknewyouwerehonest

andwouldcertainlyehere.^^Theartistaskedpolitely,4tAreyouJack?”Themannodded."Didyouloseanything?”

“Yes.It'salotteryticket（彩票）saidtheman.TheartisttookoutalotteryticketwithJack'snameonitand

returnedittotheman.

@Thenextday,theyoungartistcametothesameplaceandplayedtheviolinagain.Helaidasirallboard

besidehishat.Soonpeoplewerealiracled（吸弓I）bythewordsonit.Itsaid,“Lastnight,agentlemanwiththename

of'Jack'putanimportantthingintomyhatbymistake.Pleaseetogetitsoon.”

④Laterhisclassmateaskedtheartist,4tYouareastudentandyouneedmoneytopaytheluitionforfurther

studyinthecollege.Whydoivtyoukeepthelotterytickettoyourself?”Theartistsaid,^AlthoughIdon'thave

muchmoney,Ilivehappily.BuiifIlosehonesty,Iwon'tbehappyfbrever.”

21.Therightorderofthispassageshouldbe.

A.①②③④B.①③②④C.③D.①?③②

22.WhatdidtheyoungartistdoatthegateoftherailwaystationonaSundaynight?

A.Heplayedtheviolin.

B.Hemethisclassmate.

C.Heboughtatrainticket.

D.Hewaitedforthetrain.

23.Theartistcametothesameplacethenextdaytolookfor.

A.hishat

B.alotteryticket

C.hisclassmate

D.theownerofalotteryticket

24.Theunderlinedword“tuition“in④paragraphmeansinChinese.

A.房費(fèi)B.藥費(fèi)C.學(xué)費(fèi)D.車費(fèi)

25.Fromthisarticle,wccanlearnthat.

A.keepthelotteryticketifyoufindone

B.playingtheviolinistheonlywaytomakemoney

C.donotshareimportantthingswithourclassmates

D.weshouldknow（heimportanceofhonestyandkeepitforever

Passage6（2021?山東煙臺(tái)?中考真題）

Sophiaisamostfamousrobot.SheesfromHansonRobotics,andDavidHanson,headofHansonRobotics,is

hercreator.Hehasbeendevelopingrobotsinthepast25years.Hebelievesrealistic-lookingrobotswillbeableto

connectwithpeopleandhelpindustriessuchashealthcareandeducation.

Sophiahasmanyabilities.Shecancopyhumanfacialexpressions,holdconversationsandrecognizeidea.He

bytheirlooksorvoices.Shecanalsospeak,joke,singandevenmakemusic.Now,thenextstepistomakeheran

artist.Hansonissoexcitedaboutthisidea.HeimaginesSophiaasacreativeartworkandsheherselfcancreateart

aswell.

688.888.Thcpainting.AlongartworkSophiacreatedwithanItalianartist,AndreaBonaccto,wassoldfor

$688.888.Thedigitalworkistitled"SophiaInstantiation".Il'sa12-secondvideowhichshowsBonaceto's

porirait（肖像）changingintoSophia'sdigitalpainting.Alongwinitis（hephysicalartworkpaintedbySophia.

arm.Tlieartwork.Sophiaartworkcollectorandartist,latersentSophiaaphotoofhispaintedarm.Therobotthen

addedthatphototoherknowledgeandpaintedmoreontopofherartwork.Sophiadescribedtheworkas（hefirst

digitalartworkcooperated（合作）betweenanAlandanartworkcollector.

now.Forsartworkispartofagrowingtrend（趨勢(shì)）.Moreandmoredigitalartworksareonsalenow.For

example,adigitalartworkbyanartist,Beepie,wassoldfbrnearly$70million,beingthemostexpensivedigital

artworkeversold.

26.WhatdoweknowaboutHanson?

A.Heisinterestedinpainting.

B.HemakeslildemoneyfromSophia.

C.HecreatedtherobotSophia.

D.Hespent25yearsdevelopingSophia.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"recognize"inParagraphTwomean?

A.Punish.B.Meet.C.fort.D.Know.

28.WhydidSophiathinkherartworkwascooperatedbetweenanAIandacollector?

A.Becausethecollectortaughtherhowtopaint.

B.Becauseshecopiedthepaintingofthecollector.

C.Becausesheadded（hecollector'spaintingtohers.

D.Becauseallherworkswerecollectedbythecollector.

29.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthelastparagraph?

A.Sophia'sartworkcosts（hemost.

B.Beepiemustbeaveryfamousartist.

C.Noonecanafforddigitalartworks.

D.Digitalartworksarcallmadebyrobots.

30.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Sophia,aRobotArtist.

Hanson.CreatorHanson.CreatorofSophia.

C.DigitalArtworks,PopularAgain.

D.HansonRobotics,Sophia'spany.

Passage7（2U21?貴州畢節(jié)?中考真題）

Naomiwasthinkingabouthervacationreport.ShevisitedherfriendGraceandgotsomeideas.

“WhatshouldIwriteabout?^^shethoughtagainonherwayhome.Nearashrine（圣地）,shefoundabeautiful

birdsingingonabigstone.Shelookeda（（hestoneandsawsomelettersonit."Whatisthisstonefbr?”she

wondered.Naomitalkedaboutthestonetohergrandpa.4tThatisastonemonumentwhichhasalonghistory,“her

grandpasaid.Naomialsotoldhergrandpaaboutherreport.UIthinkitisagoodideatowriteaboutit.Goandvisit

myfriendSam,“saidNaomi'sgrandpa.

Thenextday,NaomiwenttoseeSam."Wehavemorestonemonumentsaroundhere.Theoneyou

sawwasbuiltabouttwohundredyearsago.Peoplearoundherethoughtthattreeshadsouls（靈魂）.Buttheyhadto

cutandusethetreesfbrtheirownlives.Theymadethestonemonumentstothankthetrees,"Samsaid."Weshould

livewithnature.However,wesometimesforgetthatimportantthing.Whenweseethestonemonuments,wecan

rememberthat,“Samsaid.

“Thisisapartofourlocalculture,andyoungpeoplelikemehavetolearnaboutthis.^^Naomithought.

Thenewtermstarted.<4Yourreportisgreat.Youworkedhardtowriteit,“Naomi'steachersaid.Theteacher's

wordsmadeNaomisohappy.Passingthestoneagain,Naomisaidtothebird,“Thankyoufbrtellingme.”

31.WhatwasNaomiworryingaboutduringthesummervacation?

A.Hergrandpa.B.Hertrip.C.Herhealth.D.Herreport.

32.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"monument"meaninChinese?

A.時(shí)刻B.運(yùn)動(dòng)C.禮物D.紀(jì)念碑

33.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin44”?

A.I'msorryyoudon'tlikethemonument.

B.Idon'tthinkyouwanttoknowaboutit.

C.Iamgladyouareinterestedin（hemonument.

D.I'msureyou'llinvitemetodinner.

34.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Peopletherethoughtthattreeshadsouls.

B.Theymadethemonumentstothankthetrees.

C.Theybuiltthemonumentsforpeopletorememberthetrees.

D.Theybuiltthemonumentsforthebirdstosingon.

35.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.IltellsushowNaomiworkedfcrherreport.

B.IttellsushowNaomifoundthemonument.

C.IttellsushowNaomivisitedSain.

D.IttellsushowNaomifoundthebird.

Passage8（2021?內(nèi)蒙古赤峰?中考真題）

Beforegoingbacktoworkoneafternoon,PolicemanLitookabigbiteoutoftheredappleonhisdesk.He

hadnotimetoeathislunchthatday.Hewasbusydealingwithatragicaccidentreport.

ItseemedthatamannamedWangJiehadrunaredlight,runningintoanotherperson'scar.Buthesaidthat

（helighthadbeengreenwhenhedroveacrossthecrossing.

LidecidedtoquestionWangJieagain.Maybehecouldgetsomemoreinformationabouttheaccident.This

timeWangJiestillinsisted（堅(jiān)持）thatthelightwasgreenwhenhedroveacrossthecrossing.Lihadnoreasonto

doubtwha【W(wǎng)angJiesaid.HetoldWangJiethathewasfreetogo.

“Thankyousomuch,PolicemanLiBytheway,thatgreenappleonyourdesklooksdelicious!1hopeyou

enjoyit!”WangJicsaidwithasmile.

Listoppedfbramoment."Wail.Sitbackdown.Ithinkwcneedtotalksomemore.^^

WhenWangJiedescribedLi'sredappleasbeinggreen,LirealizedthatWangJiemusthaverunaredlight.

36.WhatcoloristheappleonPolicemanLi'sdesk?

A.Red.B.Green.C.Colorful.D.Redandgreen.

37.Theunderlinedwords“whatWangJiesaid"mean.

A.WangJiehadrunaredlight

B.WangJiedidn'trunintoanotherperson'scar

C.thelightwasgreenwhenWangJiedroveacross（hecrossing

D.thegreenappleonthedesklookeddelicious

38.WhatdoyouthinkofPolicemanLi?

A.Heislazy.B.Heisclever.C.Heisstupid.D.Heishandsome.

39.Fromthepassagewecaninfer（推斷）.

A.WangJiecouldn'tdrive

B.WangJiewasapoliceman

C.WangJiestolesomething

D.WangJiemightbecolorblind

Passage9（2021?內(nèi)蒙古赤峰?中考真題）

Nowadays,kuakuaqunorpraisegroupshavebeemoreandmorepopularon（heInternet,Theiraimistofort

youngpeople.Thesegroupsprovidewordsofsupportforthosewhoareunhappy.

Spendingjustalittlemoney,youcanentersuchagroup.Shareyourproblemsorsuccess,andyouwillreceive

positivemessagessoon.Thesemessages,mostlyfromstrangers,willhelpyoufeelbetter.Aleaderofoneofthe

groupstalksabouthisfirstpurpose,'iwanttohelppeoplelearntopraiseothersandacceptothers,praise.”

Iliketheideaofkuakuaqun.However,Ithinkgettingpraisefromstrangersonlineisn'tveryuseftilinthelong

run.Thisisespeciallytruewhenyouarepayingforthepraise.Thesepeopledon'tknowyou,sothepraisemaynot

beearnest.Realandmeaningfulpraiseesfromthepeopleyouknow.

With（hisinmind,weshouldtrytopraiseourfriendsandfamilymemberswhentheyneedsome

encouragement.Simplysayingtoaclassmate,41likeyou\canlifthisorherconfidence.Beingkindtoothersis

easy.Anditaddsthenecessarysweetnesstomakeeveryone'slifebetter.

40.Wordsofsupportofkuakuaqunaremainlyfrom.

A.studentsB.strangersC.relativesD.classmales

41.Inkuakuaqunyoucanlearn.

A.tofightwithothersB.tomakefriendswithothers

C.todrawsomepicturesD.topraiseothersandacceptothers'praise

42.What'sthemeani