高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解各地方試卷集合匯編含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?A.

Theyareexpensive.

B.

Theycandegradenaturally.C.

Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.

D.

Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.

TizianoisfromGermany.

B.

Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.C.

Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.

D.

TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.

Theairpollution.

B.

Theediblecutlery.C.

Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.

D.

Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.

Themeasurestostopthepollution.

B.

Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.C.

Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..

D.

Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了飲食和環(huán)境的問(wèn)題，并且提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂貴”不是edibleplates的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞，同時(shí)也給政府帶來(lái)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)的垃圾管理。塑料袋經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會(huì)導(dǎo)致有毒氣體污染空氣。作為對(duì)此的回應(yīng)，世界各國(guó)政府正在出臺(tái)嚴(yán)格的回收法規(guī)。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞?！惫蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文講述的是飲食和環(huán)境問(wèn)題的解決方案。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Generallyspeaking,governmentregulationsnormallybananythingfromsmokinginpublicplacestoparkingincertainzones.ButofficialsintheBraziliantownofBiritibaMirim,70km(45miles)eastofSaoPaulo,havegonefarbeyondthat.Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.

There'snomoreroomtoburythedead,theycan'tbecremated(火化)andlawsforbidanewcemetery.Sothemayorhasproposedastrangesolution:outlawdeath.MayorRobertoPereirasaysthebillismeantasaprotestagainstfederalregulationsthatprohibitneworexpandedcemeteriesinpreservationareas."Theyhavenottakenlocaldemandsintoconsideration",heclaims.

A2003decree(法令)byBrazil'sNationalEnvironmentCouncilforbidsburialgroundsinprotectedareas.Mr.Pereirawantstobuildanewcemetery,buttheprojecthasbeenstoppedbecause98%ofBiritibaMirimisconsideredasapreservationarea.

BiritibaMirim,atownof28,000inhabitants,notonlywantstoprohibitresidentsfrompassingaway.Thebillalsocallsonpeopletotakecareoftheirhealthinordertoavoiddeath."Ihaven'tgotajob,noramIhealthy.AndnowtheysayIcan'tdie.That'sridiculous,"AmaridodoPrado,anunemployedresidentsaid.

Thecitycouncilisexpectedtovoteontheregulationnextweek."Ofcoursethebillislaughable,illegal,andwillneverbeapproved,"saidGilsonSoaresdeCampos,anassistantofthemayor."Butcanyouthinkofabetterresolutiontopersuadethegovernmenttochangetheenvironmentaldecreethatisprohibitingusfrombuildinganewcemetery?"Thebillstatesthat"offenderswillbeheldresponsiblefortheiracts."However,itdoesnotsaywhatthepunishmentwillbe.（1）WhatisthebilltobeproposedbytheofficialsinBiritibaMirim?A.

Banonbuildinganewcemetery.

B.

Banonparkingincertainzones.C.

Forbiddingburiedgroundsinpreservation.

D.

Prohibitingresidentsfromdyingearly.（2）Whatcanweinferfromthephrase"havegonefarbeyondthat"inthefirstparagraph?A.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavemadetheseregulations.

B.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavebeentomanyplacesaroundtheworld.C.

ThebilltobeproposedbyofficialsinBiritibaMirimismuchtoounexpected.

D.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavebuilttoomanycemeteriesintheirtown.（3）What'stheattitudeofthemayorofBiritibaMirimtowardsthefederalregulations?A.

Hegivesstrongbackingtothem.

B.

Heobjectstothem.C.

Heremainssilentaboutthem.

D.

Heaskstheresidentsforadviceonthem.（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.

Thebillhascomeintoeffectbutitdoesn'tstateclearlywhatpunishementstheoffenderswillreceive.

B.

Theresidentsofthetownsinghighpraiseforthebill.C.

Thegovernmentisgoingtochangetheunreasonaleandlaughabledecree.

D.

Nobetterresolutionoftheproblemshasbeenthoughtout.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，由于墓地短缺，巴西城市BiritibaMirim的官員草擬了一份不準(zhǔn)人過(guò)早的死去的法案，這引起了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臓?zhēng)論。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.”可知BiritibaMirim的官員們計(jì)劃制定法律不允許人們過(guò)早死亡，主要是因?yàn)闆](méi)有再多的墓地了。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Generallyspeaking,governmentregulationsnormallybananythingfromsmokinginpublicplacestoparkingincertainzones.”可知政府會(huì)禁止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所抽煙或在某些特定地點(diǎn)停車(chē)，但是巴西BiritibaMirim的官員的建議卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止于此，根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.”可知BiritibaMirim甚至不允許人們?cè)缢?，這樣的規(guī)定早已超過(guò)人們的想象了。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“MayorRobertoPereirasaysthebillismeantasaprotestagainstfederalregulationsthatprohibitneworexpandedcemeteriesinpreservationareas.”可知市長(zhǎng)RobertoPereira說(shuō)他們制定的這個(gè)法案是反對(duì)聯(lián)邦的規(guī)定的。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butcanyouthinkofabetterresolutiontopersuadethegovernmenttochangetheenvironmentaldecreethatisprohibitingusfrombuildinganewcemetery?”可知現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有更好的方法來(lái)解決缺乏墓地的問(wèn)題。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測(cè)兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

UnitedStateshealthofficialsareurgingpeopletostopusingelectroniccigarettes,knownase-cigarettes.Thecalltoactioncameaftersuchproductswerelinkedtohealthproblems.Fivedeathshavealsobeenreported.E-cigarettesareapopularsubstituteforsmokingproducts.Theelectronicdevicesheatliquidthatincludesflavoring,nicotineandotherchemicalsintovapor—verysmallparticlesthatusersbreathein.Nicotineisfoundinmanyplants,includingtobacco.E-cigarettesorsimilardevicesalsocanprovideTHCorothersubstancestousers.THCisthenaturalchemicalpresentinmarijuana(大麻)plantsthatgivesusersthementalstateknownasa"high".

E-cigarettesaresaidtobesaferthannormalcigarettesbecausetheydonotcreatethecancer-causingbyproductsofburningtobacco.Yethealthofficialssaye-cigaretteusershavereportedshortnessofbreathandotherbreathingproblems,suchascoughingandchestpain.Somehavebeensicktothestomach,feltverytired,sufferedweightlossordevelopedhighbodytemperatures.Onereportnotedthatmostofthe53illnessesreportedinIllinoisandWisconsinwererelatedtoTHCvaping(氣化)products.Butnearly20percentofthepatientsinhaled(吸入)substanceslikenicotinefrome-cigarettes.Mostofthereportedcaseswereofyoungmen.

Thereportfoundthat,"Sincenosingleproductorsubstancehasbeenassociatedwiththeillness,personsshouldconsidernotusinge-cigaretteswhilethisinvestigationisongoing."LastNovember,TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,orCDC,reportedthat"e-cigaretteuseincreasedconsiderablyamongU.S.middleandhighschoolstudentsduring2017—2018."Amonghighschoolstudents,itfounde-cigaretteuserosefrom220,000studentsin2011to3.05millionin2018.

OnMonday,theFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDAgaveawarningtoJUULLabs,makerofthebest-sellinge-cigarettes.TheFDAaccusedthecompanyofillegallymarketingitsproductsasbeing"saferthancigarettes"withouttheagency'sapproval.Inastatement,theFDA'sactingcommissionersaidthat,"JUULhasignoredthelaw,andhasmadesomeofthesestatementsinschooltoournation'syouth."AJUULspokesmansaidthecompanyisstudyingtheFDA'scommentsand"willfullycooperate".（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribee-cigarettes?A.Deadly.B.Harmless.C.Infectious.D.Effective.（2）Whatchangewillbecausedwhensmokersinhalee-cigarettescontainingTHC?A.Theywillbehealthier.B.Theywillloseweight.C.Theywillfeelexcited.D.Theywillbepeaceful.（3）WhatinformationaboutJUULLabscanwegetfromthelastparagraph?A.Studentsbecameitsmainmarketingtargets.B.FDAdidn'tagreeonitswayofpromotingitsproducts.C.Itcompletelydeniedwhatitwasaccusedof.D.E-cigaretteswereinventedbyit.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Say"No"tocigarettesB.Asharpriseofe-cigarettesuseamongyoungpeople.C.Safere-cigarettesareneededforhealth.D.E-cigarettes—apotentialkiller.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，美國(guó)衛(wèi)生官員敦促人們停止使用電子煙，電子煙同人們的健康問(wèn)題有關(guān)。并介紹電子煙是怎樣危害人們健康的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“UnitedStateshealthofficialsareurgingpeopletostopusingelectroniccigarettes,knownase-cigarettes.Thecalltoactioncameaftersuchproductswerelinkedtohealthproblems.Fivedeathshavealsobeenreported.”美國(guó)衛(wèi)生官員敦促人們停止使用電子煙。在這些產(chǎn)品被發(fā)現(xiàn)與健康問(wèn)題有關(guān)后，呼吁采取行動(dòng)。另外報(bào)道有五人死亡。由此可推斷，電子煙不但影響人們健康，而且有可能是致命的，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“E-cigarettesorsimilardevicesalsocanprovideTHCorothersubstancestousers.THCisthenaturalchemicalpresentinmarijuana(大麻)plantsthatgivesusersthementalstateknownasa‘high’.”電子煙或類(lèi)似的設(shè)備也可以向使用者提供THC或其他物質(zhì)。THC是存在于大麻植物中的自然化學(xué)物質(zhì)，給予使用者一種“high”的心理狀態(tài)。這里的“high”指的是喝醉或者吸毒后的那種興奮的狀態(tài)，因此使用者吸入了含有THC的電子煙會(huì)感到興奮，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“OnMonday,theFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDAgaveawarningtoJUULLabs,makerofthebest-sellinge-cigarettes.TheFDAaccusedthecompanyofillegallymarketingitsproductsasbeing‘saferthancigarettes’withouttheagency'sapproval.”周一，美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局(FDA)向暢銷(xiāo)電子煙的制造商JUULLabs發(fā)出了警告。FDA指控該公司未經(jīng)FDA批準(zhǔn)，非法銷(xiāo)售其產(chǎn)品，稱(chēng)其“比香煙更安全”。由此可知FDA不同意其銷(xiāo)售此產(chǎn)品，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述美國(guó)衛(wèi)生官員敦促人們停止使用電子煙，電子煙同人們的健康問(wèn)題有關(guān)并介紹電子煙是怎樣危害人們健康的。中心思想強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是電子煙危害人們的健康。D選項(xiàng)E-cigarettes—apotentialkiller“電子煙—一個(gè)潛在的殺手”，符合本文中心思想，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

BluePlanetII'slatestepisode(情節(jié))focusesonhowplasticishavingadestructiveeffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,oceansaredrowninginplastic.

Thoughitseemsthattheworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics,plasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s,thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangainingpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience.

Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironment,butwestilldon'treallyknowwhattheoutcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow,though,isdisturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.

Andit'snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster,worthmentioninginthesamebreathasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者),atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit,wedon'thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.

Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag-whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.（1）Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?A.Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.B.Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.C.Plasticshavegainedpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.D.Theworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.（2）HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?A.Bycitingquotesfromleadingexperts.B.Bymakingacomparisonandcontrast.C.Bylistingexamplesfromhisownexperience.D.Bypresentingsolidstatistics.（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Wereapwhatwesow.B.Theshortestanswerisdoing.C.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.B.Oceanplasticisaglobalissue.C.BluePlanetIIhasleftviewersheartbroken.D.Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球最深處馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物胃里有塑料。事實(shí)上，海洋正淹沒(méi)在塑料之中。據(jù)估計(jì)，海洋塑料每年殺死數(shù)百萬(wàn)海洋動(dòng)物，不僅僅是野生動(dòng)物受到海洋塑料的威脅，人類(lèi)也會(huì)通過(guò)食用海鮮來(lái)消耗塑料。作者認(rèn)為最好的辦法就是人類(lèi)開(kāi)始采取行動(dòng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience.”這種增長(zhǎng)速度如此之快，以至于科學(xué)仍在追趕這種變化。例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一門(mén)非常早期的科學(xué)，可知，塑料污染研究仍然是一門(mén)非常早期的科學(xué)是因?yàn)樗芰系钠占八俣忍?，以至于科學(xué)無(wú)法跟上。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.”人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，三分之一的棱皮龜?shù)母共慷加兴芰现破?，而它們?jīng)常把塑料袋誤認(rèn)為是水母。現(xiàn)在，90%的海鳥(niǎo)定期食用塑料制品。到2050年，這一數(shù)字預(yù)計(jì)將升至100%，可知，作者在第三段是通過(guò)提供可靠的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支持自己觀點(diǎn)的。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag-whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.”在使用一次性塑料產(chǎn)品之前，我們都可以三思而后行。一些看起來(lái)很普通的東西，比如使用可重復(fù)使用的瓶子或袋子——如果把它們放在一起，這些選擇確實(shí)會(huì)有所不同，可知，作者在最后一段想告訴我們對(duì)于塑料污染最簡(jiǎn)短的回答就是采取行動(dòng)。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,oceansaredrowninginplastic.”研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球最深處馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物胃里有塑料。事實(shí)上，海洋正淹沒(méi)在塑料之中)結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為說(shuō)明海洋被大量的塑料充斥著，影響了海洋生物和人類(lèi)，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Thesummerbeforemydaddied,wemovedhouse.Upuntilthatpoint,ourfamilyhadourownspacetospreadout.Moneywastight,sotherewasnotelevisionset,butweownedaturntableonwhichmydad'srecordsplayedconstantly.Mostly,itplayedBobDylan.TracksfromTheBasementTapesandDesirebecameanimportantpartofournewlife.MybrotherandI,aged8and10,climbedtrees,builthideawaysandlearnedthewordsofClothesLineSaga.Wewouldchantoverthe,lostinourownjoy.

ItwasJanuarywhenmydadleftusforeverbecauseofthecancer.Hewas36goingon37then,thesameageasDylan.Afterwards,ourlaughterdisappeared,butwekeptonplayingtherecords,whichbecameouronlyritualofremembrance.Thetwomenbecamesointertwinedinmyhead,Istruggledtotellthemapart.

Dylanwasmydad'sgifttome.Whatchildwouldn'tbefascinatedbysongsfullofpiratesandseasicksailors?HowdiditfeeltohaveNodirectionhome?Farewell,Angelinabecamemyparty-piece.Iwouldsingthisatchurchcheeseandwinestotheassembledaudience.Alotofdonationsweremade.

Growingup,Iremainedafanofthemusic,butIwasn'tobsessedwithDylanuntilonedayinearly1995,mybrotherboughtusbothticketstoseehimplayatBrixtonAcademy.Londonfeltlikealongwaytogo.ButfinallyseeingDylanstepoutontothestagebroughtasuddenrushofexcitement.

IhaveseenDylanacoupleoftimessince.Mybrotherisnotaroundsomuchthesedays.Buthewasupforavisitrecently.Wepassedahappyeveninglaughinganddrinking,whilehisson,agednine,performedhisparty—pieceSubterraneanHomesickBluesforus.Hesangitword-perfect.Andsoitgoeson:Dylan'smusicasagift,passeddownthegenerations.（1）What'stheauthor'spurposedofwritingthepassage?A.

Topraisehislatefather.

B.

Totellabouthisfamilyhistory.C.

Toexpresshislongingforfamilyreunion.

D.

ToshowhisloveforBobDylan.（2）Theunderlinedword“ritual”inthesecondparagraphmeans“________”.A.

passion

B.

ceremony

C.

memory

D.

belief（3）Howdidtheauthorraisemoneyinhischildhood?A.

BysingingaDylan'ssongatchurchgatherings.

B.

Byprovidingcheeseandwinestochurchprayers.C.

Byplayingaprivateinchurchperformances.

D.

Byacceptingdonationsfromthechurch.（4）Therecentvisitoftheauthor'sbrotherindicatesthat________.A.

hisnephewwaseverinvitedtoplayinDylan'sconcert

B.

hisbrotherhasneverseenaliveperformanceofDylanC.

Dylan'smusichasinfluencedthreegenerationsofhisfamily

D.

SubterraneanHomesickBluesisalwayshisfavouritesong【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者表達(dá)自己對(duì)BobDylan的愛(ài)．BobDylan的音樂(lè)影響了很多代人，作者曾經(jīng)在教堂聚會(huì)上唱迪倫的歌來(lái)籌集錢(qián)。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“TracksfromTheBasementTapesandDesirebecameanimportantpartofournewlife.”；第二段中的“wekeptonplayingtherecords,whichbecameouronlyritualofremembrance.”以及第三段中的“Dylanwasmydad'sgifttome.”和最后一段中的“Dylan'smusicasagift,passeddownthegenerations”等信息講述了作者從小到大一直以來(lái)對(duì)BobDylan的喜歡和熱愛(ài)，故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。此處指父親去世后我們的笑聲消失了，但我們繼續(xù)播放BobDylan的唱片，這成了我們唯一的記憶儀式?！皉itual”指儀式，與ceremony同義，故選B。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Iwouldsingthisatchurchcheeseandwinestotheassembledaudience.Alotofdonationsweremade.”可知作者在童年的時(shí)候通過(guò)在教堂聚會(huì)上唱迪倫的歌來(lái)籌錢(qián)，故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Buthewasupforavisitrecently.Wepassedahappyeveninglaughingandrinking,whilehisson,agednine,performedhisparty—pieceSubterraneanHomesickBluesforus.和Dylan'smusicasagift,passeddownthegenerations.”可知哥哥帶著兒子拜訪BobDylan及兒子演唱他的歌表明BobDylan對(duì)作者一家三代人的影響。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs(肢)thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物學(xué)家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.

Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition(過(guò)渡)fromseatoland.

Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.

HannahByrneisanoceanographer(海洋學(xué)家)atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits(沉積物)oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.

AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.

Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip(翻轉(zhuǎn))themselvesbackinthewater.”

Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.（1）Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?A.

AlfredRomer.

B.

CharlesDarwin.

C.

HannahByrne.

D.

StevenBalbus.（2）Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbus?A.

Therewerelargeroceans.

B.

Earthwasclosertothemoon.C.

Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.

D.

Earthwasundergreaterpressure.（3）Theunderlinedword“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.A.

found

B.

settled

C.

abandoned

D.

trapped（4）Whatisthefocusofthearticle?A.

Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.

B.

Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.C.

Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.

D.

Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，一些新的證據(jù)驗(yàn)證了先前人們的猜測(cè)理論：即海洋中的動(dòng)物是因?yàn)槌毕淖饔脤?dǎo)致魚(yú)類(lèi)發(fā)展出四肢，遷徙到陸地的。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物學(xué)家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.”和第四段中的“Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了魚(yú)類(lèi)可能因?yàn)槌毕l(fā)展出四肢的理論。故選A。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段中的“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.”過(guò)去的潮汐比現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)。這是因?yàn)榈厍蜻@顆行星以前比現(xiàn)在離月球近了10%。可知，選B。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.”可知，Homer認(rèn)為海洋生物因?yàn)槌毕黄冗M(jìn)入水池；第八段中的“Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof‘’survivalofthefittest,explainedMattiasGreen,“結(jié)合兩處可知，魚(yú)兒是被迫進(jìn)入池中，故選D。(4)考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，英國(guó)生物學(xué)家達(dá)爾文的《物種起源》極大地提高了科學(xué)家對(duì)自然的認(rèn)識(shí)。但仍有不少?zèng)]有根據(jù)的猜測(cè)。其中的一個(gè)猜測(cè)就是為什么在4億年前，海洋中的動(dòng)物有了四肢，從而讓他們遷徙到陸地上生活。一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，美國(guó)古生物學(xué)家AlfredRomer提出的一個(gè)想法，即潮汐可能導(dǎo)致魚(yú)類(lèi)發(fā)展出四肢，這再次成為一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題。針對(duì)此許多科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了許多新的證據(jù)來(lái)證實(shí)它。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

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