2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解篇章結構分析及實戰(zhàn)押題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartOneReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneInthelate20thcentury,manyAmericanworkers,particularlythoseinmanufacturingindustries,facedthedilemmaofjobinsecurity.Thefearthatone’sjobwouldbeeliminatedbytechnologicaladvanceorforeigncompetitioncreatedanxietyandpromptedasearchfornewformsofeconomicsecurity.Thissearchledsomeworkerstoorganizeintocooperatives,businessesownedandoperatedbytheiremployees.Thecooperativemovement,however,hasnotbeenlimitedtotheindustrialsector.Inrecentyears,ithasspreadtosuchareasasagriculture,healthcare,andtheprovisionofpersonalservices.Thecooperativemodelhasattractedattentionnotonlybecauseitoffersanalternativetotraditionalemploymentrelationshipsbutalsobecauseitprovidesapotentialvehicleforachievingsocialandeconomicgoals.Thecooperativemovementisrootedintheideathatworkersarebestpositionedtounderstandandaddresstheproblemsfacingtheirworkplaces.Bygainingcontrolovertheirworkenvironment,theycancreatemorehumaneandefficientinstitutions.Proponentsofcooperativesarguethattheyfosteremployeecommitment,enhanceproductivity,andcanevenrevitalizecommunities.Theypointtosuccessfulcooperativesinvarioussectorsasevidenceofthemodel’sviabilityandpotentialforpositivesocialchange.Despitethepotentialbenefits,theestablishmentandoperationofcooperativespresentsignificantchallenges.Creatingacooperativerequiressubstantialinitialinvestmentandacommitmentfromemployeestoparticipateactivelyinmanagementanddecision-making.Moreover,cooperativesmustnavigatethesameeconomicforcesasotherbusinesses,competinginthemarketplaceandadaptingtochangingconsumerdemands.Thecooperativemodelalsoraisesquestionsaboutthebalancebetweeneconomicandsocialobjectives,ascooperativesmustultimatelybesustainableandprofitabletosurvive.Questions:1.WhatisthemainconcernofAmericanworkersinthelate20thcentury?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeadvantagesofthecooperativemodel?3.Whatchallengesdocooperativesfaceintheirestablishmentandoperation?4.Theword"viability"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)SustainabilityB)PopularityC)EfficiencyD)SuccessPassageTwoTheconceptof"culturalappropriation"hasbecomeacontentiousissueincontemporarysociety,particularlyintherealmoffashionandart.Culturalappropriationreferstotheadoptionoruseofelementsfromoneculturebymembersofanotherculture,oftenwithoutpermissionorunderstandingoftheculturalsignificanceofthoseelements.Whileculturalexchangeisanaturalandoftenenrichingprocess,culturalappropriationisviewedbymanyasproblematicbecauseitcanperpetuatestereotypes,leadtotheexploitationofmarginalizedcultures,andcontributetotheerasureofindigenousandethnicidentities.Criticsofculturalappropriationarguethatitofteninvolvesthetakingofsacredorculturallysignificantsymbolsandpractices,whichcanbedeeplyoffensivetomembersoftheoriginatingculture.Theypointoutthatpowerimbalancesfrequentlyunderpinthephenomenon,withdominantculturestakingelementsfromlesspowerfulcultureswithoutrecognitionorcompensation.Thisdynamiccanreinforceexistinginequalitiesandcontributetothemarginalizationofindigenousandethnicgroups.Proponentsofculturalexchange,however,arguethatculturalappropriationisnotinherentlywrongandthatculturalelementsareoftenadoptedandadaptedaspartofanaturalhumanprocess.Theysuggestthatculturalexchangecanleadtocreativityandinnovation,andthatrestrictionsonsuchexchangecanstifleartisticexpressionandculturalgrowth.Moreover,theyarguethatculturalelementsareoftenstrippedoftheiroriginalcontextandsignificancewhenadoptedbyothercultures,losingtheirpowertooffend.Questions:5.Whatistheprimarydefinitionofculturalappropriationaccordingtothepassage?6.Whataresomeconcernsraisedbycriticsofculturalappropriation?7.Accordingtoproponentsofculturalexchange,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofculturalappropriation?8.Theword"contentious"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)DebatableB)AcceptableC)IgnoredD)SupportedPassageThreeTheriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthewayhumanscommunicate,shareinformation,andformrelationships.Whilesocialmediaplatformshavenumerousbenefits,includingtheabilitytoconnectpeopleacrossdistances,shareinformationrapidly,andmobilizesocialaction,theyalsoposesignificantchallengestoindividualwell-beingandsocietalcohesion.Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesistheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth,particularlyamongyoungpeople.Researchhasconsistentlyshownacorrelationbetweenheavysocialmediauseandnegativementalhealthoutcomes,includingincreasedratesofanxiety,depression,andfeelingsofisolation.Thereasonsforthiscorrelationaremultifaceted.Ononehand,socialmediacancreateunrealisticexpectationsaboutlifeandbodyimage,leadingtofeelingsofinadequacyandlowself-esteem.Ontheotherhand,theconstantcomparisontoothersandthepressuretopresentaperfectonlinepersonacanbeoverwhelmingandleadtostressandanxiety.Anotherchallengeposedbysocialmediaisthespreadofmisinformationanddisinformation.Socialmediaplatformsaredesignedtomaximizeuserengagement,whichoftenmeansprioritizingcontentthatissensational,emotional,orpolarizing.Thiscreatesanenvironmentwherefalseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidly,oftenwithsignificantconsequences.Theabilityofsocialmediatoamplifyechochambersandreinforceexistingbeliefsalsocontributestopoliticalpolarizationandsocialdivision.Questions:9.Whathasbeentheprimaryimpactofsocialmediaonhumancommunication?10.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomenegativeeffectsofsocialmediaonmentalhealth?11.Whatroledosocialmediaplatformsplayinthedisseminationofmisinformation?12.Theword"disinformation"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)InformationB)AccurateinformationC)FalseinformationD)OutdatedinformationPassageFourTheconceptof"sustainabledevelopment"hasgainedincreasingtractioninrecentdecadesasaframeworkforguidingeconomic,social,andenvironmentalpolicies.Sustainabledevelopmentreferstothepursuitofdevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisconceptemphasizestheinterdependenceofeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection,arguingthatthesethreedimensionsmustbebalancedtoachievelong-termprosperityandwell-being.Theurgencyofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenunderscoredbyagrowingbodyofevidencedemonstratingthenegativeimpactsofunsustainablepracticesontheenvironmentandhumansocieties.Climatechange,biodiversityloss,pollution,andresourcedepletionarejustsomeoftheconsequencesofadevelopmentmodelthatprioritizesshort-termeconomicgainsoverlong-termenvironmentalandsocialsustainability.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresafundamentalshiftinthewaysocietiesoperate,movingawayfromalinearmodelofproductionandconsumptiontowardsacirculareconomythatminimizeswasteandmaximizesresourceefficiency.Achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresamultifacetedapproachthatinvolvesgovernments,businesses,civilsociety,andindividuals.Governmentsplayacrucialroleinsettingpoliciesandregulationsthatpromotesustainablepractices,suchasinvestinginrenewableenergy,protectingnaturalhabitats,andimplementingcarbonpricingmechanisms.Businessescancontributebyadoptingsustainableproductionmethods,reducingtheirenvironmentalfootprint,anddevelopinginnovativeproductsandservicesthatsupportsustainableliving.Civilsocietyorganizationscanraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceofsustainabledevelopmentandadvocateforpolicychanges.Finally,individualscanmakesustainablechoicesintheirdailylives,suchasreducingconsumption,recyclingwaste,andusingpublictransportation.Questions:13.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomenegativeimpactsofunsustainablepractices?15.Whatrolesdogovernments,businesses,andcivilsocietyplayinachievingsustainabledevelopment?16.Theword"underscored"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)EmphasizedB)IgnoredC)QuestionedD)Underestimated試卷答案PartOneReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.C解析思路：根據第一段第一句“Inthelate20thcentury,manyAmericanworkers,particularlythoseinmanufacturingindustries,facedthedilemmaofjobinsecurity.”可知，20世紀末，許多美國工人，尤其是制造業(yè)工人，面臨著工作不安全感這一困境。故答案為C。2.B解析思路：根據第二段第二句“Proponentsofcooperativesarguethattheyfosteremployeecommitment,enhanceproductivity,andcanevenrevitalizecommunities.”可知，合作社的支持者認為它們能夠培養(yǎng)員工承諾，提高生產力，甚至能夠使社區(qū)煥發(fā)生機。故答案為B。3.A解析思路：根據第三段第一句“Despitethepotentialbenefits,theestablishmentandoperationofcooperativespresentsignificantchallenges.Creatingacooperativerequiressubstantialinitialinvestmentandacommitmentfromemployeestoparticipateactivelyinmanagementanddecision-making.”可知，盡管合作社有潛在的好處，但它們的建立和運營面臨著重大挑戰(zhàn)。創(chuàng)建合作社需要大量的初始投資，并且需要員工的承諾積極參與管理和決策。故答案為A。4.A解析思路：根據第二段最后一句“Thecooperativemodelhasattractedattentionnotonlybecauseitoffersanalternativetotraditionalemploymentrelationshipsbutalsobecauseitprovidesapotentialvehicleforachievingsocialandeconomicgoals.”以及上下文可知，viability在此處意為“可行性，可持續(xù)性”。故答案為A。5.A解析思路：根據第一段第一句“Inthelate20thcentury,manyAmericanworkers,particularlythoseinmanufacturingindustries,facedthedilemmaofjobinsecurity.Thefearthatone’sjobwouldbeeliminatedbytechnologicaladvanceorforeigncompetitioncreatedanxietyandpromptedasearchfornewformsofeconomicsecurity.”可知，文化挪用是指一個文化中的成員采用或使用另一個文化中的元素，通常在沒有許可或不知道這些元素的文化意義的情況下。故答案為A。6.B解析思路：根據第二段第二句“Criticsofculturalappropriationarguethatitofteninvolvesthetakingofsacredorculturallysignificantsymbolsandpractices,whichcanbedeeplyoffensivetomembersoftheoriginatingculture.”以及第三句“Theypointoutthatpowerimbalancesfrequentlyunderpinthephenomenon,withdominantculturestakingelementsfromlesspowerfulcultureswithoutrecognitionorcompensation.Thisdynamiccanreinforceexistinginequalitiesandcontributetothemarginalizationofindigenousandethnicgroups.”可知，文化挪用的批評者認為，它通常涉及到對神圣或具有文化意義的符號和習俗的采取，這可能會對原始文化的成員造成深深的不敬。他們指出，權力不平衡經常支撐著這一現象，強勢文化在沒有認可或補償的情況下采取來自較弱勢文化的元素。這種動態(tài)可以加強現有的不平等，并導致原住民和少數民族的邊緣化。故答案為B。7.C解析思路：根據第三段第二句“Proponentsofculturalexchange,however,arguethatculturalappropriationisnotinherentlywrongandthatculturalelementsareoftenadoptedandadaptedaspartofanaturalhumanprocess.”以及第三句“Moreover,theyarguethatculturalexchangecanleadtocreativityandinnovation,andthatrestrictionsonsuchexchangecanstifleartisticexpressionandculturalgrowth.”可知，文化交流的支持者認為，文化挪用并非本質上錯誤，文化元素通常被采納和適應，作為自然人類過程的一部分。此外，他們認為文化交流可以導致創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新，并且對該類交換的限制可以扼殺藝術表達和文化成長。故答案為C。8.A解析思路：根據第一段第一句“Inthelate20thcentury,manyAmericanworkers,particularlythoseinmanufacturingindustries,facedthedilemmaofjobinsecurity.Thefearthatone’sjobwouldbeeliminatedbytechnologicaladvanceorforeigncompetitioncreatedanxietyandpromptedasearchfornewformsofeconomicsecurity.”可知，controversial在此處意為“有爭議的，可商榷的”。故答案為A。9.A解析思路：根據第一段第一句“Theriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthewayhumanscommunicate,shareinformation,andformrelationships.”可知，社交媒體的興起從根本上改變了人類交流、分享信息和建立關系的方式。故答案為A。10.B解析思路：根據第二段第二句“Researchhasconsistentlyshownacorrelationbetweenheavysocialmediauseandnegativementalhealthoutcomes,includingincreasedratesofanxiety,depression,andfeelingsofisolation.”可知，研究表明，大量使用社交媒體與負面的心理健康結果之間存在關聯(lián)，包括焦慮、抑郁和孤立感的發(fā)生率增加。故答案為B。11.C解析思路：根據第三段第二句“Socialmediaplatformsaredesignedtomaximizeuserengagement,whichoftenmeansprioritizingcontentthatissensational,emotional,orpolarizing.Thiscreatesanenvironmentwherefalseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidly,oftenwithsignificantconsequences.”可知，社交媒體平臺旨在最大限度地提高用戶參與度，這通常意味著優(yōu)先考慮那些引人注目、情緒化或兩極分化的內容。這創(chuàng)造了一個虛假或誤導性信息可以迅速傳播的環(huán)境，往往會產生重大后果。故答案為C。12.C解析思路：根據第三段第三句“Theabilityofsocialmediatoamplifyechochambersandreinforceexistingbeliefsalsocontributestopoliticalpolarizationandsocialdivision.”以及上下文可知，disinformation在此處意為“虛假信息”。故答案為C。13.A解析思路：根據第一段第一句“Theconceptof'sustainabledevelopment'hasgainedincreasingtractioninrecentdecadesasaframeworkforguidingeconomic,social,andenvironmentalpolicies.”可知，可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念在最近幾十年作為一種指導經濟、社會和環(huán)境政策的框架，越來越受到關注。故