專題02定語(yǔ)從句一：知識(shí)講解根據(jù)高二學(xué)業(yè)水平考試的要求，定語(yǔ)從句是語(yǔ)法考查的重中之重，也是難點(diǎn)所在。它主要考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇。高中學(xué)考定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)表核心概念說明例句定義在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。Thegirl

whoissinging

ismyclassmate.先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。上句中的

Thegirl

就是先行詞。關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。上句中的

who

是關(guān)系代詞，代替thegirl，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系詞所指代先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞值湫屠淇疾橹攸c(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)that人或物主語(yǔ)

或

賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略）1.Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.(作主語(yǔ)，指物)2.Theman(that)

Isawyesterday

isMr.Li.(作賓語(yǔ)，指人，可省略)最大考點(diǎn)：只能用that的情況

1.先行詞是不定代詞（all,much,anything,everything等）。e.g.All

thatcanbedone

hasbeendone.2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾。e.g.Thisisthefirstbook(that)

Ihaveread.3.先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物。e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings

thattheyremembered.which物

或

動(dòng)物主語(yǔ)

或

賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略）1.Thebook

whichisonthedesk

ismine.(作主語(yǔ))2.Thefilm(which)

wesawlastnight

waswonderful.(作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)重點(diǎn)：介詞+which（=關(guān)系副詞）

e.g.Thisisthehouse

inwhich

Ilived.=Thisisthehouse

where

Ilived.

難點(diǎn)：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（用逗號(hào)隔開），代表整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，that

不能。

e.g.Hepassedtheexam,

whichmadehisparentshappy.who人主語(yǔ)Theboy

whoisplayingfootball

ismybrother.難點(diǎn)：區(qū)分who與that

指人時(shí)，用who更正式。但在that的特定情況下（見上），必須用that。whom人賓語(yǔ)（?？墒÷裕㏕heman(whom)

youmet

ismyuncle.重點(diǎn)：介詞+whom

e.g.Theman

towhomyouspoke

isourteacher.whose人或物定語(yǔ)（表示“誰(shuí)的”或“某物的”）1.Thegirl

whosefatherisadoctor

studiesveryhard.(指人)2.Theroom

whosewindowisbroken

ismine.(指物，=thewindowofwhich)難點(diǎn)：whose表所屬關(guān)系，其后必須接名詞。when時(shí)間名詞(time,day,year等)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I'llneverforgettheday

whenIfirstcametoschool.考點(diǎn)：when=介詞(on/in/at)+whiche.g.I'llneverforgettheday

onwhich

Ifirstcametoschool.where地點(diǎn)名詞(place,school,room等)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Thisisthefactory

wheremyfatherworks.考點(diǎn)：where=介詞(in/at)+whiche.g.Thisisthefactory

inwhich

myfatherworks.why原因名詞(reason)原因狀語(yǔ)Pleasetellmethereason

whyyouwerelate.考點(diǎn)：why=forwhiche.g.Pleasetellmethereason

forwhich

youwerelate.核心重難點(diǎn)與備考策略關(guān)系代詞的選擇（解題核心）這是考查定語(yǔ)從句的核心。選擇哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞，完全取決于先行詞是什么以及這個(gè)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。解題黃金步驟：找到先行詞。把先行詞代入到定語(yǔ)從句中，看它在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)）。根據(jù)成分選擇關(guān)系詞：缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)：指人用

who/that，指物用

which/that。缺定語(yǔ)（表所屬）：用

whose。缺狀語(yǔ)：缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用

when，缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用

where，缺原因狀語(yǔ)用

why。限制性vs.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性：主句和從句關(guān)系緊密，無逗號(hào)隔開，從句是先行詞不可或缺的定語(yǔ)。翻譯成“...的”。e.g.Mysister

whoworksinShanghai

cameback.(我那個(gè)在上海工作的姐姐回來了。暗示可能有其他姐姐。)非限制性：主句和從句關(guān)系松散，有逗號(hào)隔開，從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，即使省略，主句意思仍完整。which

可指代整個(gè)主句，that

不能用于此類從句。e.g.Mysister,

whoworksinShanghai,cameback.(我姐姐回來了，她在上海工作。提供額外信息，暗示只有一個(gè)姐姐。)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)這是學(xué)考的高頻難點(diǎn)。當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（如lookafter,talkabout）或需要特定的介詞時(shí)，這個(gè)介詞可以提前到關(guān)系代詞前。此時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞指人只能用

whom，指物只能用

which，不能用that或who。e.g.Thisisthechild

whom

Iwill

takecareof.→Thisisthechild

ofwhom

Iwilltakecare.關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法必須牢記表格中列出的只能用that

的三種情況，這是必考點(diǎn)。備考建議：掌握解題步驟：嚴(yán)格按照“找先行詞->分析從句成分->選關(guān)系詞”的步驟做題，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。背誦固定規(guī)則：牢記只能用that和不能用that的情況，以及“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的規(guī)則。對(duì)比練習(xí)：多做對(duì)比練習(xí)，區(qū)分that/which，when/which，where/which以及限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析長(zhǎng)難句：在閱讀中遇到含有定語(yǔ)從句的長(zhǎng)句子，嘗試分析其結(jié)構(gòu)，提高理解和運(yùn)用能力。二：習(xí)題訓(xùn)練1．Thisisabookcoverisblue.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)2．Thepersonmademistakescanlearnmorefromthem.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)3．LilylostthepenIlentherlastFriday.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)4．Ahousingbubble(泡沫)isaneconomicsituationoccurswhenhousepricesrisemuchtoofast.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)5．Thereasonshewaslateforthemeetingwasthatsheoverslept.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)6．Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)7．It’sthewayintouristscanaskifaplacehasthefashionablevibe(氛圍)ofabigcity.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)8．There’snobetterwayyoucanlearnalanguagethanbypracticingdaily.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)9．Pleasetellmethereasonyoumissedyourflight.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)10．Theheart-warmingstorybeganlastSeptemberawomanaskedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodtoaccepthersix-year-oldson.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)11．ItookavisittotheForbiddenCitylastweek,emperorsoncelived.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)12．ThestudentIworkedontheprojectwonfirstprize.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)13．Theoldmanweofferedhelpthankedusrepeatedly.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)14．Iwillneverforgetthedaywespenttogether.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)15．Idon’tagreewiththewayyouproposedatthemeeting.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)16．SheintroducedthewayshelearnedEnglishtoherclassmates.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)17．Thefirstwayhelpsimproveefficiencyisworthtrying.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)18．Weshouldrespectthewaydifferentculturescelebratefestivals.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)19．Thewayhesmilesalwaysmakespeoplefeelwarm.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)20．Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoyourparents.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)21．Itwasthefirstoccasionweallgatheredaftergraduation.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)22．Thereareoccasionsyouneedtokeepsilentratherthanargue.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)23．Thisisacaseneedsurgentattentionfromthepolice.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)24．Therearecaseschildrendevelopthediseaseatanearlyage.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)25．He’snowinaconditionhecanwalkwithouthelp.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)26．Thedoctorexplainedtheconditionsthetreatmentwouldwork.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)27．It’sasituationrequirescarefulplanning.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)28．She’sinasituationshehastosupportherfamilyalone.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)29．We’vereachedapointweneedtomakeafinaldecision.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)30．Isthisthecompanyyouwork?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)31．Isthiscompanytheoneyoufounded?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)32．Isthisthecompanyyoufounded?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)33．Doyouknowthereasonforshewaslateforthemeetingthismorning?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)34．Themainreasonherefusedtheofferwasthathewantedtostaywithhisfamily.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)35．Sheshowedmethesmallvillageshegrewupwithhergrandparents.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)36．Thisistheparkweusedtoplaybasketballafterschool.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)37．Therewasatimepeopleusedletterstokeepintouchinsteadofphones.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)38．Istillrememberthedaywefirstmetattheschoolgate.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)39．Thewomanwetalkedaboutismysister.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)40．Thisisthehousewehavejustpainted.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)41．JustthenIcaughtsightofaviolinwashangingonthewall.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)42．Withhimwasayoungfellowappearancetoldofmanydaysinhiding.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)43．Thisisthebookcoverisblue.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)44．Idon'tlikethegirlyouaretalkingabout.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)45．TheGreatWallissowell-knownatouristattractionmillionspeoplevisiteveryyear.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)46．ItwasintheoldbookstoreweoftenvisitedIfoundtheverynovelIhadbeenlookingforformonths.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)47．Theboyofthebackpackwasleftintheclassroomislookingforitanxiously.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）48．HeisthesameteachertaughtmeEnglishinhighschool.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)49．Istheresotallatreecanreachtheclouds?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）50．??Heisnotsocleveraboyyoudescribed.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)51．??Heisakind-heartedman,isknowntoallhisneighbors.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）52．?Theresultofthecompetition,weexpected,wasverysatisfying.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）53．hasbeenpointedout,weshouldfocusonthekeypoints.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）54．isoftenthecase,theyoungmanislateforwork.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)55．Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylivedin,throughagriculture.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）56．WhichisthemachineweusedlastSunday?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)57．Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthingstheycouldremember.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)58．?Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksaresoldinthebookshop.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）59．Thefirstthingweshoulddoistogetsomefood.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)60．IfIrunintoanythingmightinterestyou,I’llsendittoyou.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)61．Wevisitedanoldvillage,thetraditionalhousesofhavestoodforoverahundredyears.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）62．Thebookliesonthedeskisaboutenvironmentalprotection.?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）63．Imetagirlfatherisafamousscientist.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)64．Thestudentyouhelpedwithhomeworkyesterdaywonthescholarship.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)65．Theteachertaughtusmathlastyearhasmovedtoanothercity.?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)66．Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongestistheYellowRiver.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)67．Theancientcastle,halfwasdestroyedinthewar,needsurgentrepair.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)68．Theancientcastle,wecanhaveagoodviewofthesea,attractsthousandsoftouristsyearly.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)69．Theancientcastle,kingsandqueensoncelived,nowservesasamuseum.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)70．Theancientcastle,amoatoncelay,hasstoodforover500years.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)71．Theoldlibrary,generationsofreadershaveformedaclosebond,remainspopulartoday.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)72．Theoldlibrary,Iborrowedmyfirstsciencefictionnovel,holdsmanychildhoodmemories.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)73．Theoldlibrary,manystudentshavestudiedlateintothenight,willberenovated(翻新)nextyear.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)74．Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)75．Theteampresentedthreeprojects,thebestwonthetopaward.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)76．Heinvitedseveralcolleaguestotheparty,onebroughthomemadedesserts.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)77．Shehasthreebrothers,noneliveinthesamecityasher.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)78．Therearetwoapplesonthetable,thelargerisred.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)79．Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothareverykindtohim.=Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothareverykindtohim.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)80．Thekindoldman,protectionthestraycats(流浪貓)intheneighborhoodhavesurvivedthecoldwinters,islovedbyeveryone.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)81．She’sthefriendcompanyIalwaysfeelrelaxedandhappy.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)82．He’sthescientistresearchwe’vegainedvaluableinsightsintoenvironmentalprotection.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)83．Theymettheteacherguidancemanystudentshavebeenadmittedtotopuniversities.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)84．ThepenIwritemydiaryeverydaywasagiftfrommyfriend.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)85．Mr.Smithboughtanewhousehespentallhismoney.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)86．Thepathwewalkedwascoveredwithfallenleaves.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)87．ThepersonIsentanemailismyformerteacher.(介詞