單元語(yǔ)法精講精練●單元語(yǔ)法精講●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since、for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)或從句連用。需要注意的是，since后接過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞組或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子；for后接一段時(shí)間。1.since的用法(1)since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：年、月、日、幾點(diǎn)等since1990自1990年起(2)since+時(shí)間段+agosince3monthsago自從三個(gè)月前(3)since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子HehasstayedinthehotelsincelastSunday.他自上周日就住在這家旅館了。(從上周日就一直住在這家旅館，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能一直住下去)(4)since的一個(gè)固定句式"Itis+時(shí)間段+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。"ItisfiveyearssinceIcamehere.我來(lái)這兒五年了。2.for的用法:for+時(shí)間段ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)五年了。(一直在學(xué)，持續(xù)了五年，并且還可能持續(xù)學(xué)下去)Hehasworkedhereforfiveyears.他在這兒工作已經(jīng)五年了。【注意】(1)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，若對(duì)since和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，都可以用howlong。(2)since和for的句式轉(zhuǎn)換：since+時(shí)間段+ago=for+時(shí)間段。Theyhaven'tchangedsincetwentyyearsago.=Theyhaven'tchangedfortwentyyears.他們已經(jīng)二十年沒(méi)有改變了。(3)若現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中含表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如since/for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))，則謂語(yǔ)只能使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?！就卣埂縿?dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式，發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，也可以表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)與經(jīng)歷。如：learn,work,stand,lie,walk,sleep,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,stay,live等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Hehaslivedherefor6years.他在這兒住了六年了。(一直住在這兒，live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并且很有可能繼續(xù)居住下去)Ihaveknownhersincethen.自從那時(shí)起我就認(rèn)識(shí)她了。(一直都認(rèn)識(shí)，know是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：open,close,begin,finish,e,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,die等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Hisgrandmotherdied10yearsago.他的奶奶10年前去世了。Shefinishedtheworkat6o'clock.她六點(diǎn)完成了工作?！就卣埂吭诂F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，如果時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示一段時(shí)間，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞需要轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換包括：borrow→keepbuy→haveleave→beawaybegin/start→beondie→bedead

Unit1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(2)語(yǔ)法精練習(xí)題一：用since或for填空1.HehaslivedinBeijing______2008.2.Theyhavebeenmarried______tenyears.3.Ihaveknownher______wewerechildren.4.Shehasworkedhere______sixmonths.5.Ithasn'trained______threeweeks.6.Wehavewaited______twohours.7.Hehasbeenill______lastMonday.8.Theyhavebeenfriends______alongtime.9.Ihaven'tseenhim______lastweek.10.ShehasstudiedEnglish______shewassix.習(xí)題二：選擇題()1.Howlong______you______English?A.have;studiedB.has;studiedC.did;study()2.Theyhaveworkedhere______.A.sincethreeyearsB.forthreeyearsC.threeyearsago()3.Mybrotherhashadthisbike______2019.A.forB.sinceC.in()4.Shehasn'twrittentome______lastmonth.A.forB.sinceC.from()5.Wehaveknowneachother______tenyearsago.A.forB.sinceC.when()6.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.A.forB.sinceC.in()7.Hehaskeptthebook______twoweeks.A.sinceB.forC.from()8.Howlonghasyourfather______thiscar?A.boughtB.hadC.buy()9.Hergrandmother______forfiveyears.A.hasdiedB.diedC.hasbeendead()10.Themeetinghas______forhalfanhour.A.begunB.beenonC.began習(xí)題三：改寫(xiě)句子（保持句意不變）1.Heboughttheputerthreeyearsago.→He____________theputerforthreeyears.2.SheleftShanghaifivedaysago.→She__________________fromShanghaiforfivedays.3.Thefilmbeganthirtyminutesago.→Thefilm__________________forthirtyminutes.4.Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.→I____________thisbookfortwoweeks.5.Hisfatherdiedtenyearsago.→Hisfather__________________fortenyears.6.TheyarrivedherelastMonday.→They____________heresincelastMonday.7.Theshopopenedthreehoursago.→Theshop__________________forthreehours.8.Igottoknowherin2020.→I____________hersince2020.9.Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.→He____________inthearmyfortwoyears.10.Therainstartedanhourago.→Therain__________________foranhour.習(xí)題四：改正句中的錯(cuò)誤1.Hehasboughtthecarfortwoyears.2.Shehaslefthomesince8o'clock.3.Howlonghaveyouborrowedthisbook?4.Theoldmanhasdiedforthreemonths.5.Theyhaveeherefortwohours.6.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworksince5pm.7.Shehasmarriedfortenyears.8.Hehasjoinedtheclubsincelastyear.9.Thetrainhasarrivedfortwentyminutes.10.Mysisterhasboughtthedresssinceyesterday.習(xí)題五：用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.He______(be)inBeijingsince2010.2.She______(keep)thebookfortwoweeks.3.They______(be)marriedfortwentyyears.4.I______(have)thisputersinceIgraduated.5.Thefilm______(be)onforhalfanhour.6.Hisgrandfather______(be)deadforfiveyears.7.She______(be)awayfromhomesinceMonday.8.We______(know)eachothersincechildhood.9.He______(work)herefortenyears.10.Themeeting______(be)onsince2o'clock.習(xí)題六：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)1.Hehaslivedherefortenyears.2.Shehasworkedinthispanysince2018.3.Theyhavebeenmarriedforfiveyears.4.Ihavekeptthebookfortwoweeks.5.Thefilmhasbeenonsince7o'clock.6.Hehasbeenillforthreedays.7.ShehasstudiedEnglishsinceshewassix.8.Wehavewaitedforanhour.9.Theyhavebeenfriendssincechildhood.10.Theshophasbeenopenfortwohours.答案習(xí)題一：1.since2.for3.since4.for5.for6.for7.since8.for9.since10.since習(xí)題二：1.A2.B3.B4.B5.B6.A7.B8.B9.C10.B習(xí)題三：1.hashad2.hasbeenaway3.hasbeenon4.havekept5.hasbeendead6.havebeen7.hasbeenopen8.haveknown9.hasbeen10.hasbeenon習(xí)題四：1.bought→had2.left→beenaway3.borrowed→kept4.died→beendead5.e→been6.finished→had7.married→beenmarried8.joined→beenin9.arrived→beenhere10.bought→had習(xí)題五：1.hasbeen2.haskept3.havebeen4.havehad5.hasbeen6.hasbeen7.hasbeen8.haveknown9.hasworked10.hasbeen習(xí)題六：1.Howlonghashelivedhere?2.Howlonghas