考向23閱讀理解之推理判斷題

推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理

解文童的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,

從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。

提問(wèn)整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時(shí)，問(wèn)句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest（推斷，暗指）等詞。對(duì)付

這類題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文

章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測(cè)和推論。關(guān)鍵是：意思要靠推斷得出，而不是原文照搬。這就要把握住文章

的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容；明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及其寫作該文的目的：分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息；注意詞匯在詞典

的定義和詞典以外的含義；最后運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理，挖出文章的伏筆，得出正確的推論。

這種問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)方式通常有：

1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecan

inferthat.

2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.../Whatcanwelearnfrom...?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat...

3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.

5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatwcshould.

6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat...toshow.

7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin?

8.Theauthor'sattitudetoward...is?

9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas?

這些提問(wèn)方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)逞問(wèn)中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)

容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說(shuō)明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說(shuō)，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)

注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.首先要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，

句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷，考生

完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來(lái)幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲，

從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。

3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過(guò)分析、

練合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。

4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏

輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。

5.在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí)，一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)

節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning的方法：迅速在材料中

確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，則常常要縱覽全篇文章。

推理判斷題常見(jiàn)有以下形式：

1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等?？忌?/p>

從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。

【典例示例】

（2019?新課標(biāo)I卷，B）ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andright

nowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Wilhshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwho

wouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe's,nervous."Pmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...MChristripsonthe“-Id,”a

pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativcEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whispering

support.”...Votefbr...me..."Exceptforsomestumbles.Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoa

niceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthe

beginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyou

makemistakes.4iIttakesalotfbranystudent,nWhaleyexplains,"especiallyfbrastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheir

newlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,41don'tknow,butIwanttoknow.'"

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraise

theirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisabout

morethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（奪耀）about（hemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourselfandyourbestqualities/'Whaleysays,“isverydifficultfbrachildwhocameintothe

classroomnotfeelingconfident.''

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto________.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents'publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents'lovefbrpolitics

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于記敘文，講述ThomasWhaley為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)以及樹(shù)立信心專門開(kāi)展了一個(gè)演講

課程。

26.A

【解析】推理判斷題◎根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakin

public.HewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutIhemselves.以及最后一段uboastingaboutyourself,andyourbest

qualities/'Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.可知，這彳、

課程不僅僅教孩子閱讀以及公共演講，還要讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己，而夸耀自己對(duì)于那些進(jìn)入教室沒(méi)有信心的學(xué)生

來(lái)說(shuō)很困難，故可知，Whaley老師這么做是為了幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)增加信心，故選A。

27.C

［解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhen

heaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和最后一段Hewants

thesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves可知，當(dāng)他有一天問(wèn)學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己當(dāng)不了總統(tǒng)請(qǐng)舉手的時(shí)候，想到了一

個(gè)想法，這個(gè)課程就是幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立自己的信心，故可以看出這位老師很關(guān)心學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)。humorous幽默的，

ambitious有雄心壯志的;caring關(guān)心的：demanding要求高的。故選C。

2.因果推斷題

要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因或根據(jù)已有的原因推斷可能的結(jié)果。考生要準(zhǔn)確掌握文章的

內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。最關(guān)鍵的是要找準(zhǔn)事物間存在的因果關(guān)系信息，根據(jù)已有信息，進(jìn)行分析判斷推理，

從而推出最符合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。

【典例不例】（2019?全國(guó)卷III,C）

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.

Today$8orS10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetlicseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.

Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershad

littleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwas

takingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeant

高考閱讀測(cè)試中rr些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒、性格

傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)一定注意：

（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。

（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注意作者在文章中的措

辭?，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。

（3）能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。

表示態(tài)度的形容詞：（1positive枳極的⑼reserved

⑵negative消極的(10)indifferent漠不關(guān)心的

(3)optimistic樂(lè)觀的(11)cautious謹(jǐn)慎的

(4)pessimistic悲觀的(12)surprised驚訝的

(5)objective客觀的(13)sympathize同情的

(6)subjective主觀的(14)support支持的

(7)admiring羨慕的(I5)doubt懷疑的

(8)critical批評(píng)的(16)approve贊成的

(17)ironic諷刺的(18)neutral中立的

【典例示例】

Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeanthe:eenager(十幾歲

的孩子)problem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableand

helpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.

I'veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestr.ctmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,

shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.Isawhimlastweek

whenIcalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懶散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTV

hewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed.

don'tknowwhattodowithhimthesedays,“shesaid."He'sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.''

Hehasn'tforgottenthem.He'sjustdecidedthathe'snotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白)thatshewould

liketocomeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.

Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,reachacrossthetable,stareatme

andsay,"Idon'tlikeyourdress;it?sugly."Oneofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhas

lefthome.

*'Wheredidwegowrong?”herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestof

thatunfortunaterace,parents.

1.Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas.

A.lazyB.quietC.unusualD.rude

2.Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthattheparentsofthetwodaughters.

A.paynoattention(oihemB.aretoobusytolookafterthem

C.havecometohatethemD.feelhelplesstodomuchaboutthem

3.Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?

A.Parentshavenochoicebuttotrytoacceptit.

B.Parentsshouldpaystillsoreattentiontothechange.

C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.

D.Parentsareatfaultforthechangeintheirchildren.

【答案與解析】

I.D此題屬于對(duì)人物性格的推斷，根據(jù)文中第二段“Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,should

standupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.”以及其后的細(xì)節(jié)描

述和該段最后一句話可知，以為嚴(yán)厲的母親想把她的孩子培養(yǎng)成紳士，但是她的孩子后來(lái)對(duì)客人的表現(xiàn)卻

是不禮貌。

2.D此題屬于對(duì)“人物心情處境的推斷”。根據(jù)最后一段，444Wheredidwcgowrong?,herparentsarenowverysad.”

?句可推測(cè)這兩位父母對(duì)他們學(xué)壞的女兒無(wú)可奈何，因此正確答案為D。

3.A此題屬于“對(duì)態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的推斷”，文中第一句話“Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snota

lottheycandoaboutit.”就表明了作者的觀點(diǎn)，父母不應(yīng)當(dāng)總是為此事而責(zé)怪自己。應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施面對(duì)這個(gè)

事情。然后最后又用了"Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.

做總結(jié)，表明父母?jìng)儾坏貌唤邮苓@個(gè)不好的事實(shí)。

4.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題

根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫作目的，作者會(huì)來(lái)取記敘、描寫、議論、說(shuō)明或應(yīng)用文體。作者也會(huì)米用敘述、例

證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不同，閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量。

【典例示例】

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.AfteralLyouprobablysing

orwhistlewhenyouarehappy.

Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostof

thetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.

1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds'singing?

A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.

B.Byreportingexperimentresults.

C.Bydescribingbirds'dailyl:fe.

D.Bytellingabird'sstory.

【答案】A

【解析】由文章第一、二兩段可知作者是把鳥(niǎo)兒和人類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

5.文章結(jié)論推斷題

由具體到一般，對(duì)已知的事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)性推斷稱為結(jié)論。

【典例示例】（2019?北京卷，D）

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawanningclimate,

accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonl:etinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthe

waylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvaries

fromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthof

phytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots?leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）inlo（heoceanwhilegivingoff

oxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatethe

globalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swanningtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsofthe

oceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterfbrGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojects

changestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolour

oftheoceanswouldoccur.I'hcmodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.

Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareas

willturngreener.t4Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.nshesaid,"butthetypeof

phytoplanktonischanging.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象

是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案。但

是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。氣候變曖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。

45.C

【解析】目的意圖題。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbe

bluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.w可知到本世紀(jì)末?！?xiàng)新的研究表明,由

于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerable

totheocean'swarningtrendWanningchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplankton

growth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢(shì)的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植

物的生長(zhǎng)”?？芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜?duì)海洋的影響。故選C。

6.寫作目的推斷題

這類題的題干中常有purpose,或者后面接有目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如：intend。,meant。,inorderlo等。我們

可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來(lái)判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。

與寫作目的對(duì)應(yīng)的文章如下；

（1）toentertainreaders（使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑）：常見(jiàn)于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。

（2）topersuadereaders（說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）：常見(jiàn)于廣告或議論文。

toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息）：多見(jiàn)于新聞報(bào)道類、科普類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章，以及勸告

性或建議性文章。

（3）開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。

簡(jiǎn)介相關(guān)事物一為r引出主題。

列舉具體事例一說(shuō)明文段的主題

【典例示例】

“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfeltthe

rushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityof

Edinburgh."'Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,hesaid.

Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereaders'attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor'simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

【檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練】

i

FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,“Poelryiswhatgetslostintranslation.^^Althoughitisnot

impossibletotranslatepoetry,XuYuanchong,awell-knownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeautyof

ancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.

HisteacherQianZhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,“Youaredancingwhilechainedbyrhyme（押韻）

andrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteextraordinary.''

Xuhasjustturned100yearsold.OnApril1,ChinaTranslationandPublishingHousepublishedaseriesof

commemorative（紀(jì)念的）booksabouthislifeandcareertopaytributetothiscentenarian.

Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatednovels,anthologies（選集）andplaysinChinese,English

andFrench,reachingpotentiallymillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsinto

rhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinnerofthe“AuroraBorealisPrize”for

OutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.

Xuisknowntobeveryfastidiousinhiswork.Hehasdedicatedhislifeto'v[translating]beautifully”.Forhim,

Englishisa^scientific''languagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisanuartistic,,languagethatincludesawider

rangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhis

translation.

ThroughXu'stranslations,time-honoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesand（heworldat

large.

Forinstance,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginacontroversialhealthcarereformduringhis

presidency,somesenators（參議員）wereopposedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnow（《江雪》）

translatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefishermansindependent,non-conformist（不墨守成規(guī)的）

thinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama,notedNewsChina.

Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldremainsdiligent.Helivesaloneinanoldhousenear

PekingUniversity.Inhissimpleroom,decoratedwithChinesetraditionalfurniture,hemaintainsaroutine.Everydayhe

translatesroughly1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingaboui3hoursandgeningupai6amiocontinue.

“Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflicker（I為現(xiàn)）of[a]goodwordor[a]

goodlinethrillseverypore（毛孑L）andeveryinchofmyskin,,,XutoldNewsChina.

1.WhatdoesthearticletellusaboutXJYuanchong?

A.lie'sthefirstwinnerofTheAuroraBorealisPrize.

B.Hehastranslatedabout100ChineseliteraryworksintoEnglish.

C.Heiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedverse.

D.Hehasmasteredalleastthreeforeignlanguages.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^fastidious''inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Particular.B.Satisfied.C.Inventive.D.Productive.

3.WhywasBarackObamamentionedinthearticle?

A.ToshowXu'spopularity.

B.ToillustrateXu,simpact.

C.Tointroducehisreform.

D.TostressXu'swisdom.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXu?

A.Mcdestandinsightful.

B.Considerateandcautious.

C.Creativeandopen-minded.

D.Dedicatedandpassionate.

【答案】l.C2.A3.B4.D

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要向讀者介紹了著名翻譯家許淵沖先生在詩(shī)歌翻譯方面的成就以及他的影響

力。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“XuYuanchong,awell-knownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeautyof

ancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.（著名中文翻譯家許淵沖一牛都致力「?jìng)髡J(rèn)中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌的美）''第四段的

"Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmoretlian100translatednovels,anthologies（選集）andplaysinChinese（自1978年以來(lái),

許已經(jīng)出版了100多部中文翻譯小說(shuō)、選集和戲劇）”以及“Mostno:ably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymed

versesinbothEnglishandFrench.（最值得注意的是，他把中文詩(shī)歌翻譯成英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)的押韻詩(shī)歌「可知，許淵沖

以其翻譯過(guò)的押韻詩(shī)而聞名。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段的“Hehasdedicatedhislifeto^[translating]beautifully”.Forhim,Englishisa“scientific”

languagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisan“artistic''languagethatincludesawiderrangeofcontent.

Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.（他一■生需（致

力于“優(yōu)美的翻譯對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)是一種要求準(zhǔn)確的“科學(xué)”語(yǔ)言，而漢語(yǔ)是一種包含更廣泛內(nèi)容的“藝術(shù)”語(yǔ)言。

按照這一原則，徐在翻譯中不僅保持忠誠(chéng)，而且保持感性的美）“可知，他不僅僅致力于翻譯要忠實(shí)原文的意義，

還力求保持翻譯出詩(shī)歌細(xì)膩的美。因此推斷，許對(duì)于他的作品很講究。故劃線詞與Parlicular意為”講究的，挑剔

的“意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的“ThroughXu'stranslations,timc-hor.orcdChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpacton

Westernsocietiesandtheworldatlarge.（通過(guò)許的翻譯，歷史悠久的中國(guó)智慧對(duì)西方社會(huì)和整個(gè)世界產(chǎn)生了影響）”

以及接下來(lái)第七段的“Forinstance”可推斷，舉例子是為了闡明他的作品在西方社會(huì)和世界有很大的影響力。故選

B項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldremainsdiligent」在取得

了如此偉大的成就之后,這位100歲的老人仍然很勤奮）”以及倒數(shù)第一段的“Translationisameansof

communicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflicker（閃現(xiàn)）of[a]goodwordor[a]goodlinethrillseverypore（毛孔）

andeveryinchofmyskin（翻譯是一種與作者的靈魂交流的手段。一個(gè)好詞或一句好臺(tái)詞的突然的閃現(xiàn)刺激我的每

一個(gè)毛孔和每一寸皮膚）”可推斷，許淵沖先生即使100歲高齡還每天要翻譯作品，并且他認(rèn)為翻譯是與作者的靈

魂交流的方式，突然的靈光閃現(xiàn)的感覺(jué)非常美妙，由此可見(jiàn)他對(duì)翻譯事業(yè)的奉獻(xiàn)和熱愛(ài)。故選D。

2

Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontothe

problem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,

butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasvery

high.Manytradingroutesweresetuplocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmorethanits

weightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.

Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwereincluded

inmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.Theseassociationswouldhave

suggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt'sfortunateproperties.

Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthand

longevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilled

grainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.

ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLastSupper.

andsincehelaterturnedou（tobe（hebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymanyChristians.

Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindtheDevil.

5.Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause.

A.itwasaChristianfaithB.saltwaslinkedwithmisfortune

C.itwoulddecreaseone'slifespanD.saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preservative“probablymeaninParagraph4?

A.Prelector.B.Flavor.C.Medium.D.Solution.

7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroduce（hehistoryofsalt.

B.Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.

C.Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.

D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.

【答案】5.C6.A7.C

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界上一些關(guān)于灑鹽的觀念以及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsalt

wasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidlorepresentatear,whilein

Germanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.（因此，它與健康和長(zhǎng)壽聯(lián)系在一起。在一些文化中，

灑鹽被認(rèn)為會(huì)降低幸福感。例如，在英國(guó)，每一粒灑卜的谷物據(jù)說(shuō)代表一滴眼淚，而在德國(guó)，灑卜.的鹽喚醒了魔

鬼，帶來(lái)了不幸戶可知，人們可能認(rèn)為撒鹽會(huì)帶來(lái)厄運(yùn)，是因?yàn)檫@會(huì)縮短人的壽命。故選C。

6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“hpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.（它可以防止食物變質(zhì)）“可知，鹽可以防止食物變

質(zhì)，所以是是一種很好的食物保護(hù)物，即劃線詞意思是“保護(hù)物”。A.Proiecior.保護(hù)物；B.Flavor.風(fēng)味；C.Medium.

中等；D.Solution.解決方案。故選A。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalso

haveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.1（mayseem

confusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.（在許多丈

化中，灑鹽被認(rèn)為是不吉利的。幸運(yùn)的是，許多文化也有解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法，通常是在你身后灑一撮鹽。這

可能讓現(xiàn)代人感到困惑，但知道鹽曾經(jīng)非常有價(jià)值可以改變這種看法）”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了世界上一些關(guān)于灑鹽

的觀念以及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋些關(guān)于灑鹽的信仰。故選C。

3

InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespointtowardsthestars,scanning

forsignsoflife.TheSearchforExlraluncsirialInielligunue（SETI）Insiitulehasbeenlisteningforasignalheresince

itwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjusttocommunicatewithremote

civilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumar.beingsofitsownmodest,fragils（脆弱的）placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthe

firsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.

FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmightwork.Sineesongs,likethe

humanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProjecf'-acall

topeopleeverywheretouploadextracts（精華）ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.Aninitial

compositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.Futureplansand

dreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.

Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,a

Navajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,ardperhapsnocompositionundertakenanywhere,

hastriedtoencompasstheentirediversityofhumansong.

Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontributorsfromaroundtheglobe.Unlikeotherrecordings

sentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,"Everyone'sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemaincomposersofourhistory

likeBeethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower.^^Downloadthe'EarthlingProject"app.singupiothreesongsof

30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.

8.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?

A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.

B.Toscanforotherliveableplanets.

C.Torespondtothecalloftheuniverse.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.

9.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject”?

A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.

B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.

C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.

D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.

10.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“encompass"inParagraph3mean?

A.Include.B.Appreciate.

C.Woikout.D.Relateto.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toinspirepeopleiobecomecomposers.

B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.

D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.

【答案】8.A9.B10.AII.D

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。介紹了FelipePerezSantiago和Tarter女士設(shè)計(jì)了“地球計(jì)戈/—號(hào)召世界各地的人

們上傳歌曲的片段，將這些歌曲融合成人類的集體合唱，代表地球上物種的聲音被發(fā)送到太空。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段最后一句叮hus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitscartowardsEarthtolookfbrasignal

thatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.”（SETI首次向地球豎起耳朵，尋找可以送入太空的代表物種的

信號(hào)。）可知，SETI尋找信號(hào)發(fā)送到太空是為了代表地球上的物種的聲音。故選A項(xiàng)。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第：段第二句"Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,he

andMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProjectM-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextractsofsongthatheplans

tomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.^^（因?yàn)楦枨?，就像人類的聲?對(duì)所有語(yǔ)言和國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)都是共通的,他和

塔特女士設(shè)計(jì)了“地球計(jì)戈——號(hào)召世界各地的人們上傳歌曲的片段，他計(jì)劃將這些歌曲融合成人類的集體合

唱。）可知，地球計(jì)劃打算創(chuàng)造一個(gè)人類的合唱。故選B項(xiàng)。

10.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajo